and I was having a wonderful time listening

我正陶醉於一本非常棒的有聲書，

to the amazing Isabel Wilkerson's "The Warmth of Other Suns."

易莎貝‧魏克森所著的「他鄉暖陽」。

It documents six million black folks fleeing the South from 1915 to 1970

這本書記錄了 1915 至 1970 年間， 六百萬黑人逃離美國南方，

looking for a respite from all the brutality

企圖脫離所有暴力折磨， 尋求避風港，

and trying to get to a better opportunity up North,

嘗試在美國北方 獲得更好的生活機遇。

and it was filled with stories of the resilience and the brilliance

這部書充滿了關於美國黑人 堅韌和卓越的故事。

of African-Americans,

而聽著那些恐怖、羞辱

and it was also really hard to hear all the stories of the horrors

與充滿歧視的故事， 我感到非常難過。

and the humility, and all the humiliations.

尤其是那些對黑人的毆打、燒傷、

It was especially hard to hear about the beatings and the burnings

和死刑的故事讓我特別難過。

and the lynchings of black men.

於是我說：「這有點太沈重了！」

And I said, "You know, this is a little deep.

「我需要放鬆一下。 我要聽聽收音機。」

I need a break. I'm going to turn on the radio."

我打開收音機，卻聽到了這些：

I turned it on, and there it was:

密蘇里州弗格森市

Ferguson, Missouri,

麥克•布朗

Michael Brown,

一個十八歲的男性黑人

18-year-old black man,

在沒有持有武器的情況下， 被一位白人警察射殺，

unarmed, shot by a white police officer, laid on the ground dead,

倒在地上死去，

blood running for four hours

血流不止，持續了整整四個小時。

while his grandmother and little children and his neighbors watched in horror,

而他的祖母、小孩子們， 還有鄰居們在恐懼中目睹了這一幕。

and I thought,

我想：

here it is again.

又開始了。

This violence, this brutality against black men

這些對於黑人的殘忍暴力行徑，

has been going on for centuries.

已經存在了好幾個世紀，

I mean, it's the same story. It's just different names.

這些事情的本質都是一樣的， 只是當事人名字不同而已。

It could have been Amadou Diallo.

與阿馬杜‧狄洛事件一樣， （1999 年被紐約警察槍殺）

It could have been Sean Bell.

與希安‧貝爾事件一樣， （2005 年被紐約警察槍殺）

It could have been Oscar Grant.

與奧斯卡‧格蘭特事件一樣， （2009 年被加州奧克蘭警方槍殺）

It could have been Trayvon Martin.

與特雷凡‧馬丁事件一樣。 （2012 年被佛羅里達州桑福德警方槍殺）

This violence, this brutality,

這種暴力與野蠻

is really something that's part of our national psyche.

已經在我們國家留下深深的烙印，

It's part of our collective history.

是我們共同歷史中的一部分。

What are we going to do about it?

我們要如何去應對它呢？

You know that part of us that still crosses the street,

我們內心的那部分仍然......

locks the doors,

我們會過馬路，

clutches the purses,

鎖上房門

when we see young black men?

抓緊錢包，

That part.

每當我們看到年輕黑人的時候？

I mean, I know we're not shooting people down in the street,

就是那個部分。

but I'm saying that the same stereotypes and prejudices

我的意思是， 我們並沒有在街頭射殺無辜，

that fuel those kinds of tragic incidents

但是釀成那些慘劇的偏見

are in us.

也同樣在我們心中存在。

We've been schooled in them as well.

我們也被這些偏見禁錮住了。

I believe that we can stop these types of incidents,

我相信，

these Fergusons from happening,

我們能夠阻止這種慘劇的發生，

by looking within and being willing to change ourselves.

阻止像弗格森案件這樣的慘劇發生，

So I have a call to action for you.

只要能夠自我反省並願意改變自我。

There are three things that I want to offer us today to think about

所以，我想在這裡呼籲大家

as ways to stop Ferguson from happening again;

做三件我今天想讓大家思考的事情，

three things that I think will help us

來阻止弗格森案件這樣的慘劇 再度發生。

reform our images of young black men;

我認為這三件事情可以幫助我們

three things that I'm hoping will not only protect them

重新塑造對年輕黑人的印象。

but will open the world so that they can thrive.

我希望這三件事不僅可以保護他們，

Can you imagine that?

更可以讓整個世界向他們敞開， 讓他們奮鬥發展。

Can you imagine our country embracing young black men,

你們能夠想像這樣的畫面嗎？

seeing them as part of our future, giving them that kind of openness,

你們能夠想像我們的國家 擁抱年輕黑人，

that kind of grace we give to people we love?

將他們視作我們未來的一部分，

How much better would our lives be? How much better would our country be?

給予他們同樣的寬敞空間 和同樣的寬厚，

Let me just start with number one.

如同我們給我們所愛的人一樣？

We gotta get out of denial.

我們的生活與我們的國家 將會變得多麼美好？

Stop trying to be good people.

我首先要介紹第一件事，

We need real people.

那就是：我們必須停止否認，

You know, I do a lot of diversity work,

不要再裝作是好人。

and people will come up to me at the beginning of the workshop.

我們需要真實的人。

They're like, "Oh, Ms. Diversity Lady, we're so glad you're here" --

我從事許多關於社會多樣化的工作， 許多人在研討會之初找到我，

(Laughter) --

他們會說：「哦，『多樣化』女士， 我們很高興您能夠出席！」

"but we don't have a biased bone in our body."

（笑聲）

And I'm like, "Really?

「但是我們心中 並沒有一絲一毫的偏見。」

Because I do this work every day, and I see all my biases."

我會說：「真的嗎？」

I mean, not too long ago, I was on a plane

「因為我每天都在做這方面的工作， 但我本人還是有許多偏見。」

and I heard the voice of a woman pilot coming over the P.A. system,

不久前，我在一架飛機上

and I was just so excited, so thrilled.

聽到機艙廣播裡 一位女機長的聲音，

I was like, "Yes, women, we are rocking it.

當時我非常激動，非常驕傲，

We are now in the stratosphere."

「是的，女同胞們，我們做到了！」

It was all good, and then it started getting turbulent and bumpy,

「我們女人正在天空翱翔！」

and I was like,

一切都很好，直到遇到氣流， 飛機開始變得顛簸，

"I hope she can drive."

我在想：

(Laughter)

「這個女機長到底 會不會開飛機啊！」

I know. Right.

（笑聲）

But it's not even like I knew that was a bias

我知道，沒錯！

until I was coming back on the other leg and there's always a guy driving

我甚至沒有意識到這是個偏見。

and it's often turbulent and bumpy,

直到在回程的航班上， 是一位男機長在駕駛，

and I've never questioned the confidence of the male driver.

而飛機總是在氣流中顛簸，

The pilot is good.

我卻一直沒有質疑 這位男機長的實力，

Now, here's the problem.

他很棒。

If you ask me explicitly, I would say, "Female pilot: awesome."

問題來了：

But it appears that when things get funky and a little troublesome, a little risky,

如果你直接問我，我會這樣說：

I lean on a bias that I didn't even know that I had.

「女機長，太好了！」

You know, fast-moving planes in the sky,

但是當出現了一點點小麻煩時，

I want a guy.

我便會不自覺地產生一些偏見，

That's my default.

在天空中快速飛行的飛機上，

Men are my default.

我希望是由男機長駕駛。

Who is your default?

我默認就應該是這樣的，

Who do you trust?

我默認就是男性。

Who are you afraid of?

你們又默認什麼呢？

Who do you implicitly feel connected to?

你們信任什麼樣的人呢？

Who do you run away from?

你們又害怕哪些人呢？

I'm going to tell you what we have learned.

你們與哪些人能產生共鳴？

The implicit association test, which measures unconscious bias,

又會躲避哪些人呢？

you can go online and take it.

我要告訴大家我們的結果與發現。

Five million people have taken it.

「隱性連結測試」是一個

Turns out, our default is white. We like white people.

用來檢測你們下意識偏見的測試，

We prefer white. What do I mean by that?

你們可以在網絡上進行這個測試。

When people are shown images of black men and white men,

有五百萬人做了這個測試，

we are more quickly able to associate

結果是，我們默認白人更好， 我們喜歡白人。

that picture with a positive word, that white person with a positive word,

我們比較喜歡白人。 我這麼說是什麼意思呢？

than we are when we are trying to associate

當男性黑人和男性白人的相片 同時放給人們看時，

positive with a black face, and vice versa.

我們能比較快地將白人男性的照片 與正面的字眼相聯繫，

When we see a black face,

而不是黑人男性。

it is easier for us to connect black with negative

而反之亦然， 當我們看到一張黑人面孔時，

than it is white with negative.

我們比較容易 將他與負面內容相聯繫，

Seventy percent of white people taking that test prefer white.

而不是白人男性。

Fifty percent of black people taking that test prefer white.

做那個測驗的白人中百分之七十 比較喜歡白人，

You see, we were all outside when the contamination came down.

做同一個測驗的黑人中百分之五十 比較喜歡白人。

What do we do about the fact that our brain automatically associates?

你看，我們都被污染了。

You know, one of the things that you probably are thinking about,

對於我們的大腦自動聯想的事實， 我們怎麼處理呢？

and you're probably like, you know what,

你知道嗎，你可能在想的一件事，

I'm just going to double down on my color blindness.

你可能在想：

Yes, I'm going to recommit to that.

我要進一步否認 我對有色人種有歧視。

I'm going to suggest to you, no.

是的，我就是要再犯。

We've gone about as far as we can go trying to make a difference

我將建議你不要這樣做，

trying to not see color.

我們已盡全力

The problem was never that we saw color. It was what we did when we saw the color.

不去分辨一個人的膚色。

It's a false ideal.

問題從來就不是我們在分辨膚色， 問題在於我們辨別膚色後的行為。

And while we're busy pretending not to see,

那是一個錯誤的理想。

we are not being aware of the ways in which racial difference

當我們忙著假裝不去辨別膚色時，

is changing people's possibilities, that's keeping them from thriving,

我們就沒有覺察到

and sometimes it's causing them an early death.

種族差異在改變著人們 能否茁壯成長的可能性。

So in fact, what the scientists are telling us is, no way.

而且有時候，甚至造成他們早夭。

Don't even think about color blindness.

所以事實上，科學家告訴我們的是：

In fact, what they're suggesting is,

別那樣做。

stare at awesome black people.

完全都不要想著你要去忽略膚色。

(Laughter)

事實上，他們建議

Look at them directly in their faces and memorize them,

凝視很讚的男性黑人。

because when we look at awesome folks who are black,

（笑聲）

it helps to dissociate

直接注視著他們的臉，並記住他們。

the association that happens automatically in our brain.

因為當我們看到很讚的黑人時，

Why do you think I'm showing you these beautiful black men behind me?

它有助於瓦解

There were so many, I had to cut them.

我們大腦自動發生的聯想。

Okay, so here's the thing:

你猜猜我為什麼要在身後 展示這些漂亮的黑色男性？

I'm trying to reset your automatic associations about who black men are.

他們的數量眾多， 我只能挑其中一些。

I'm trying to remind you

好，重點來了：

that young black men grow up to be amazing human beings

我在嘗試著重置 你對於黑人的自動聯想，

who have changed our lives and made them better.

我要提醒你們，

So here's the thing.

年輕的黑人成長為了不起的人。

The other possibility in science,

他們改變了我們的生命， 而且讓生活變得更美好。

and it's only temporarily changing our automatic assumptions,

所以重點是，

but one thing we know

科學還有另一個可能性：

is that if you take a white person who is odious that you know,

它只是暫時改變了我們的自動假設。

and stick it up next to a person of color,

但是我們知道的是，

a black person, who is fabulous,

如果你將一個可惡的白人

then that sometimes actually causes us to disassociate too.

放在一個有色人種旁邊，

So think Jeffrey Dahmer and Colin Powell.

一個非常優秀的黑人旁邊，

Just stare at them, right? (Laughter)

那有時也會造成我們不再聯想。

But these are the things. So go looking for your bias.

所以想一想，連環殺手傑佛瑞‧丹墨 和前國務卿克林·鮑威爾。

Please, please, just get out of denial and go looking for disconfirming data

你就凝視他們，好嗎？ （笑聲）

that will prove that in fact your old stereotypes are wrong.

這些就是重點， 所以去找你的偏見。

Okay, so that's number one: number two,

拜託，拜託，不要再否認了， 去找證明不成立的數據。

what I'm going to say is move toward young black men instead of away from them.

來證明事實上， 你那些老舊刻板印象是錯的。

It's not the hardest thing to do,

好了，那就是第一件事情。 而第二件事情呢，

but it's also one of these things

我要說的是去接近年輕男性黑人， 而不是遠離他們。

where you have to be conscious and intentional about it.

這並不是難過登天的事，

You know, I was in a Wall Street area one time several years ago

但也是你必須自覺 且特意去做的事之一。

when I was with a colleague of mine, and she's really wonderful

幾年前我一次曾在華爾街地區，

and she does diversity work with me and she's a woman of color, she's Korean.

當時我和一位同事一起。 她人真的很好，

And we were outside, it was late at night,

她和我一起做多樣化工作， 她也是有色人種，是韓國人。

and we were sort of wondering where we were going, we were lost.

我們在外面，天色已晚，

And I saw this person across the street, and I was thinking, "Oh great, black guy."

我們又不知道自己身在何方， 已經迷路了。

I was going toward him without even thinking about it.

然後我看到對面有一個人， 我在想，「喔，真好，一個黑人」

And she was like, "Oh, that's interesting."

我甚至沒想什麼就走向他。

The guy across the street, he was a black guy.

她的表情好像在說， 「喔，那真是有趣。」

I think black guys generally know where they're going.

對面那個人是一個黑人。

I don't know why exactly I think that, but that's what I think.

我想黑人通常知道他們在哪裡，

So she was saying, "Oh, you were going, 'Yay, a black guy'?"

我不知道我為什麼會那麼想， 但那就是我當時的想法。

She said, "I was going, 'Ooh, a black guy.'"

她說，「喔，你是想， 『嘿，一個黑人？』 」

Other direction. Same need, same guy, same clothes,

她說，「可我是往『唔，一個黑人』 那個方向想的 。」

same time, same street, different reaction.

同樣需要，同一個人，同樣的衣服，

And she said, "I feel so bad. I'm a diversity consultant.

同一時間，同一條街，不同的反應。

I did the black guy thing. I'm a woman of color. Oh my God!"

然後她說：「我覺得自己很壞。 我還是一個多樣化顧問呢！」

And I said, "You know what? Please. We really need to relax about this."

「我竟然對黑人有歧視， 而我自己也有色女性，天哪！」

I mean, you've got to realize I go way back with black guys.

我就說，「你知道嗎？拜託， 你不要對自己太苛責了。」

(Laughter)

我的意思是，你肯定知道 我和男性黑人可是很有淵源的喲！

My dad is a black guy. You see what I'm saying?

（笑聲）

I've got a 6'5" black guy son. I was married to a black guy.

我父親是黑人， 你明白我的意思嗎？

My black guy thing is so wide and so deep

我有一個六呎五的黑人兒子， 我前夫是黑人。

that I can pretty much sort and figure out who that black guy is,

我的黑人背景是既廣且深，

and he was my black guy.

我可以大概知道 那個黑人是什麼樣的。

He said, "Yes, ladies, I know where you're going. I'll take you there."

他是善良的黑人。

You know, biases are the stories we make up about people

他說：「是的，女士們，我知道 你們要去的地方。 我帶你們去。」

before we know who they actually are.

你知道，偏見是我們編出來的故事，

But how are we going to know who they are

在我們還不了解 他人是什麼樣的人之前。

when we've been told to avoid and be afraid of them?

可我們怎樣才能知道 他們是什麼樣的人，

So I'm going to tell you to walk toward your discomfort.

當我們總是被教導 要去避開他們和害怕他們？

And I'm not asking you to take any crazy risks.

所以我要告訴你們： 走向你的反感之源。

I'm saying, just do an inventory,

我不是要你們去做瘋狂的冒險，

expand your social and professional circles.

我的意思是， 你只需清點一下你的朋友名單，

Who's in your circle?

擴張你的社交和專業圈。

Who's missing?

誰在你的圈子裡？

How many authentic relationships

誰不在裡面？

do you have with young black people, folks, men, women?

你有多少真正有意義的關係

Or any other major difference from who you are

是與年輕黑人，老的黑人 ， 男性黑人，女性黑人

and how you roll, so to speak?

或者其他和你很不一樣的人建立的？

Because, you know what? Just look around your periphery.

或者說，你和什麼樣人混？

There may be somebody at work, in your classroom,

因為你知道嗎？ 就只看看你的周圍，

in your house of worship, somewhere, there's some black young guy there.

在你的工作環境裡面， 你的教室裡，

And you're nice. You say hi.

你的教堂裡，在某處， 一定會有一些年輕的男性黑人。

I'm saying go deeper, closer, further, and build the kinds of relationships,

你是和善的人，去打聲招呼。

the kinds of friendships that actually cause you to see the holistic person

你可以深交一點， 走得更接近些，更進一步，

and to really go against the stereotypes.

然後建立一種關係或友誼，

I know some of you are out there,

讓你所看到的對方 純粹只是另一個人類的那種關係，

I know because I have some white friends in particular that will say,

然後真正地去推翻你的刻板印象。

"You have no idea how awkward I am.

我知道你們有些人是這樣的，

Like, I don't think this is going to work for me.

我知道因為我有一些白人朋友會說：

I'm sure I'm going to blow this."

「你不知道我覺得有多尷尬。」

Okay, maybe, but this thing is not about perfection. It's about connection.

「我認為我做不到這一點。」

And you're not going to get comfortable before you get uncomfortable.

「我確定我一定做不到。」

I mean, you just have to do it.

或許吧，但是這種事不需要完美， 只是需要建立關係。

And young black men, what I'm saying is

而且你肯定會首先覺得不自在， 之後才會開始覺得自在。

if someone comes your way, genuinely and authentically, take the invitation.

我的意思是，你就只要去做這件事，

Not everyone is out to get you.

年輕的黑人們，我要說的是，

Go looking for those people who can see your humanity.

如果有人向你示好，很真心很真誠的， 你就接受邀請吧。

You know, it's the empathy and the compassion

不是每個人都要找你麻煩。

that comes out of having relationships with people who are different from you.

去找那些能夠看到你的人性的人。

Something really powerful and beautiful happens:

你知道，和那些與你不同的人 建立關係所衍生出來的，

you start to realize that they are you,

是同理心和慈悲心。