"I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Ms. Lewinsky."

「我沒有和那個女人，陸文斯基女士有過性關係。」

OK.

好的。

Studies show that people who are overdetermined in their denial will resort to formal rather than informal language.

研究指出，那些非常堅決否認一切的人，會選用正式而不是非正式語言。

We also heard distancing language – "That woman"

我們也聽到了故意疏遠的表達方式—「那個女人。」

We think liars fidget all the time.

我們認為說謊者會坐立難安。

Well, guess what? They're known to freeze their upper bodies when they're lying.

但知道嗎？他們說謊時，常常上半身呈現僵直狀態。

We think liars won't look you in the eyes.

我們以為說謊者會眼神閃躲。

Well, guess what? They look you in the eyes a little too much.

但其實，他們反而會有過多眼神接觸。

We think warmth and smiles convey honesty, sincerity.

我們以為溫暖和笑容代表誠實與誠懇。

Can you all spot the fake smile here?

看得出哪個是假笑嗎？

You can consciously contract the muscles in your cheeks but the real smile's in the eyes.

你可以有意識地收縮臉頰肌肉，但眼睛會透漏出笑容是否真實。

The crow's feet in the eyes, they cannot be consciously contracted.

我們無法有意識地擠出魚尾紋。

Can you tell what's happening in a conversation?

你能察覺對話中的行為變化嗎？

Can you start to find the hot spots to see the discrepancies between someone's words and someone's actions?

你能看出這些特徵，發現某人言語跟行動間的差異嗎？

Attitude is by far the most overlooked but telling of indicators.

態度是目前為止最容易被忽略，卻也最明顯的指標。

An honest person is going to be cooperative.

誠實的人會非常配合你。

They're going to be on your side; they're going to be enthusiastic.

會站在你這邊、會很熱情。

They're going to be willing and helpful in getting you to the truth.

他們願意幫助你了解真相。

And if you ask someone honest: "What should happen to whoever did forge those checks?"

如果問誠實的人：「在支票上作假應該受到什麼懲罰？」

An honest person is much more likely to recommend strict rather than lenient punishment.

誠實的人比較有可能提出較嚴格，而不是較寬容的懲罰。

Now, let's say you're having that exact same conversation with someone deceptive.

假設你和說謊者進行同樣的對話。

That person may be withdrawn, look down, lower their voice, pause, and then they're going to tell their story in strict chronological order.

那個人可能就會較退縮、眼神朝下、聲音刻意壓低、停頓，而且他們會按照嚴謹的時間順序來敘述。

And what a trained interrogator does is they come in,

受過訓練的偵訊人員會這麼做，他們進來，

and in very subtle ways, they will ask that person to tell their stories backwards and then track which questions produce the highest volume of deceptive tells.

用不易察覺的方式要求這個人倒著敘述故事，並揪出出現最多謊言特徵的問題。

We rehearse our words, but we rarely rehearse our gestures.

人們會預演話語，但幾乎很少事先練習動作。

We say yes, we shake our heads, no.

我們會說對，搖頭說不。

We tell very convincing stories, we slightly shrug our shoulders.

講有說服力的故事時，我們會輕輕聳肩。

Now, there are going to be times when someone makes one expression while masking another that just kind of leaks through in a flash:

常常你遇到的情況是，某人表現出某種情緒，但他隱藏的另一種情緒會轉瞬出現：

Your new joint venture partner might shake your hand, celebrate, go out to dinner with you, and then leak an expression of anger.

你那位新的合資公司合夥人可能會和你握手、慶祝、一起出去吃晚餐，然後稍微顯露出一絲生氣的表情。

There's one I can teach you that's very dangerous and that's easy to learn.

我可以教你認識一個很危險卻很好學的方法。

And that's the expression of contempt.

鄙視的表情。

When anger turns to contempt, you've been dismissed.

當生氣變成鄙視時，這代表你沒機會了。

It's associated with moral superiority and for that reason it's very very hard to recover from.

這和道德優越有關，而因為這個原因，你很難從這個表情帶給你的糟糕情緒中復原。

It's marked by one lip corner pulled up and in, and in the presence of contempt, look the other way, go the other direction,

它的特徵是其中一邊嘴角向上提起並向內收。面對鄙視的表情，你得看向別處，往別的方向走，

say, "No, thank you. I'm not coming up for just one more nightcap, thank you."

說「不用了，謝謝。我一刻都不想待在你旁邊，謝謝你。」

We know liars will shift their blink rate, point their feet towards an exit.

我們知道說謊者眨眼速度會改變、腳尖會指向出口處。

They'll alter their vocal tone, often making them...making their vocal tone much lower.

他們聲音語調會變，通常會變得更低。

Thank you.

謝謝大家。