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I'm gonna show you two patterns of deception, and then we're gonna look at the hot spots and see if we can find them ourselves.
我將會向大家展示兩種欺騙模式,先看一下這些特徵,再來看看能不能找出它們。
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"I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Ms. Lewinsky."
「我沒有和那個女人,陸文斯基女士有過性關係。」
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OK.
好的。
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Studies show that people who are overdetermined in their denial will resort to formal rather than informal language.
研究指出,那些非常堅決否認一切的人,會選用正式而不是非正式語言。
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We also heard distancing language – "That woman"
我們也聽到了故意疏遠的表達方式—「那個女人。」
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We think liars fidget all the time.
我們認為說謊者會坐立難安。
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Well, guess what? They're known to freeze their upper bodies when they're lying.
但知道嗎?他們說謊時,常常上半身呈現僵直狀態。
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We think liars won't look you in the eyes.
我們以為說謊者會眼神閃躲。
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Well, guess what? They look you in the eyes a little too much.
但其實,他們反而會有過多眼神接觸。
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We think warmth and smiles convey honesty, sincerity.
我們以為溫暖和笑容代表誠實與誠懇。
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Can you all spot the fake smile here?
看得出哪個是假笑嗎?
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You can consciously contract the muscles in your cheeks but the real smile's in the eyes.
你可以有意識地收縮臉頰肌肉,但眼睛會透漏出笑容是否真實。
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The crow's feet in the eyes, they cannot be consciously contracted.
我們無法有意識地擠出魚尾紋。
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Can you tell what's happening in a conversation?
你能察覺對話中的行為變化嗎?
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Can you start to find the hot spots to see the discrepancies between someone's words and someone's actions?
你能看出這些特徵,發現某人言語跟行動間的差異嗎?
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Attitude is by far the most overlooked but telling of indicators.
態度是目前為止最容易被忽略,卻也最明顯的指標。
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An honest person is going to be cooperative.
誠實的人會非常配合你。
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They're going to be on your side; they're going to be enthusiastic.
會站在你這邊、會很熱情。
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They're going to be willing and helpful in getting you to the truth.
他們願意幫助你了解真相。
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And if you ask someone honest: "What should happen to whoever did forge those checks?"
如果問誠實的人:「在支票上作假應該受到什麼懲罰?」
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An honest person is much more likely to recommend strict rather than lenient punishment.
誠實的人比較有可能提出較嚴格,而不是較寬容的懲罰。
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Now, let's say you're having that exact same conversation with someone deceptive.
假設你和說謊者進行同樣的對話。
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That person may be withdrawn, look down, lower their voice, pause, and then they're going to tell their story in strict chronological order.
那個人可能就會較退縮、眼神朝下、聲音刻意壓低、停頓,而且他們會按照嚴謹的時間順序來敘述。
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And what a trained interrogator does is they come in,
受過訓練的偵訊人員會這麼做,他們進來,
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and in very subtle ways, they will ask that person to tell their stories backwards and then track which questions produce the highest volume of deceptive tells.
用不易察覺的方式要求這個人倒著敘述故事,並揪出出現最多謊言特徵的問題。
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We rehearse our words, but we rarely rehearse our gestures.
人們會預演話語,但幾乎很少事先練習動作。
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We say yes, we shake our heads, no.
我們會說對,搖頭說不。
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We tell very convincing stories, we slightly shrug our shoulders.
講有說服力的故事時,我們會輕輕聳肩。
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Now, there are going to be times when someone makes one expression while masking another that just kind of leaks through in a flash:
常常你遇到的情況是,某人表現出某種情緒,但他隱藏的另一種情緒會轉瞬出現:
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Your new joint venture partner might shake your hand, celebrate, go out to dinner with you, and then leak an expression of anger.
你那位新的合資公司合夥人可能會和你握手、慶祝、一起出去吃晚餐,然後稍微顯露出一絲生氣的表情。
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There's one I can teach you that's very dangerous and that's easy to learn.
我可以教你認識一個很危險卻很好學的方法。
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And that's the expression of contempt.
鄙視的表情。
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When anger turns to contempt, you've been dismissed.
當生氣變成鄙視時,這代表你沒機會了。
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It's associated with moral superiority and for that reason it's very very hard to recover from.
這和道德優越有關,而因為這個原因,你很難從這個表情帶給你的糟糕情緒中復原。
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It's marked by one lip corner pulled up and in, and in the presence of contempt, look the other way, go the other direction,
它的特徵是其中一邊嘴角向上提起並向內收。面對鄙視的表情,你得看向別處,往別的方向走,
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say, "No, thank you. I'm not coming up for just one more nightcap, thank you."
說「不用了,謝謝。我一刻都不想待在你旁邊,謝謝你。」
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We know liars will shift their blink rate, point their feet towards an exit.
我們知道說謊者眨眼速度會改變、腳尖會指向出口處。
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They'll alter their vocal tone, often making them...making their vocal tone much lower.
他們聲音語調會變,通常會變得更低。
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Thank you.
謝謝大家。