from seven Muslim majority countries, the United States has a rich history of discrimination against specific countries and ethnicities.

來自七個穆斯林的主要國家入境美國，美國一直有著豐富的歧視歷史，針對特定的國家及種族

Originally, as per the First US Congress in 1790, only [quote] "free white persons" of

最初，1790年美國第一次的國會，只有提到「自由民主的白人」

"good moral character" would be allowed as citizens of the United States.

「良好的道德品格」可被允許成為美國公民

But this wasn't an explicit ban on immigrants.

但這並不是明確的移民禁止令

That would come later, in 1882, after thousands emigrated from China to US, largely as workers.

而後來，在1882年，在數千人從大陸移居到美國後，多數人都當工人

This mass migration sparked a wave of xenophobia across the country, with fears that American jobs were being taken from Americans.

這大量的遷徙導致仇外的巨大聲浪，害怕美國人的工作會因此被搶走

The Chinese Exclusion Act placed a ban on people who were ethnically Chinese, halting nearly all immigration from China for decades.

「美國排華法案」 設立禁止中國人移民，禁止所有中國人移民近十年

But while this was the first such law, a broader and more restrictive law was the Immigration

然而這是第一個種族相關的法令，一個更加廣泛且嚴格的法令是

Act of 1924, which was passed to lower existing quotas for immigrants from certain countries

1924年的移民法案，某些國家的移民配額被減少

and specifically out right banned Asian ethnicities from immigration.

及明確的禁止亞洲種族移民

In Japan this was met with a National Humiliation Day in protest to the unjust law.

這和日本反抗不平等條款的國恥日不謀而合

Nearly two decades after this law stopped Asian immigration, Japan attacked the United

近20年阻止亞洲人移民，日本攻擊美國的

States at Pearl Harbor, drawing the US into World War Two.

珍珠港，導致美國引爆第二次世界大戰

Ironically, a U.S. Presidential Commission later found that Japanese militarism and anti-Americanism grew dramatically after the ban.

諷刺的是，美國國家委員會事後發現日本軍國主義和反美主義在這禁令後迅速蓬勃發展

One Japanese military commander even reportedly stated that the attack was retribution for

一名日本軍官更指出這次攻擊是懲罰

the behavior of the United States, and in part, the restrictions on immigration.

美國行為主義，尤其是移民限制令

Following Pearl Harbor, the US government imprisoned more than 100,000 people of Japanese

在珍珠港事件後，美國政府羈押了十萬以上的日本人

ethnicity, done via Executive Order by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

是由羅斯福總統下達的行政命令

Many families were torn apart, businesses failed, some people even died during the roughly

很多家庭面臨破碎，經商失敗，有些人更死於

four-year-long internment.

為期約四年的居留期

And more than half of those interned were American citizens.

而幾乎一半以上受到拘留的是美國公民

In 1965 the U.S. tried to right the wrongs of its past with the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965.

在1965年，美國試圖改邪歸正，因而修訂了「1965移民和國籍法」

The law, signed by President Lyndon Johnson, states “No person shall receive any preference

這條法規是由詹森總統簽署通過，並提到「在核發移民簽證時，任何人不得享有特權

or priority or be discriminated against in the issuance of an immigrant visa because

或優先權或受到歧視，

of his race, sex, nationality, place of birth, or place of residence.”

不論他的種族、性別、國籍、出生地或居住地。」

The legality of President Trump's immigration ban is questioned under the 1965 law because

這1965法條讓川普總統的移民禁令被質疑

it singles out the muslim majority countries of Yemen, Iraq, Iran, Syria, Somalia, Sudan and Libya.

因為他點明了七個主要穆斯林國家：葉門、伊拉克、伊朗、敘利亞、索馬利亞、蘇丹和利比亞

In a statement following his executive order, Trump said, “This is not about religion

在他的行政命令中，川普提到「這無關宗教信仰，

- this is about terror and keeping our country safe.”

- 這是攸關恐怖主義及國土安全。」

But between 1975 and 2015, none of these countries have produced citizens which have killed Americans

在1975到2015期間，上述這些國家的公民並沒有在美國國土上

in terror attacks on U.S. soil.

殺害美國人並造成恐怖攻擊

Trump, is defending the ban under an immigration law passed in 1952, which gives the president

川普反駁：這禁令以1952年通過的移民法規為依據。這法規讓美國總統

the authority to ban [quote] “any class of aliens”.

有權力禁止「任何階級的外來者」。

But the 1965 law is actually an update of the 1952 law, thereby superseding it, and

但其實1965法條實際上是1952年的更新版，從而取代舊法

casting doubt on the legality of Trump's actions.

進而質疑川普的合法性

President Trump has stated that his immigration restrictions are no different than limitations

川普總統指出他的移民限制和

put in place by former President Barack Obama.

前任總統歐巴馬的限制令並無不同

In 2011 Iraqi nationals in the US on visa programs were placed under greater scrutiny

2011年伊拉克來美國的簽證計畫被嚴格檢查

after an Iraqi terror cell was discovered in the US.

在美國發現伊拉克恐怖組織後

However, unlike Trump's ban, those with valid visas, green cards, and dual citizenship

然而，與川普的禁令不同，凡持有有效簽證、綠卡和雙重公民

were able to come and go as they had previously.

都和之前一樣來去自如美國

Additionally, while Obama's restrictions were a response to an active threat, Trump's

然而，歐巴馬的限制令是出於主動威脅的反應，但川普的

ban is based on his campaign promises.

禁令是根據他選前的承諾

The history of immigration bans in the United States shows that they are short-sighted and potentially dangerous.

美國的移民禁令歷史顯示出美國是短視和具有潛在的危險

Politicians such as Senator John McCain have said that the ban may serve to fuel ISIS propaganda,

政客像參議員約翰麥肯曾經提到，這些禁令會促使 ISIS 宣傳更加劇烈

and even some social media posts by alleged members of ISIS have celebrated the ban.

就連社群媒體的貼文都有 ISIS 聯盟成員在慶祝這項禁令

According to Iran's Foreign Minister, Trump's plan is “a great gift to extremists”,

根據伊朗的外交官所提到川普的計畫「對激進份子是份大禮」

as it serves to divide the US and the Muslim world.

由於這計畫是想將美國及穆斯林世界分隔開來

Critics of Trump's plan to ban immigration from seven Muslim majority countries, have

輿論對於川普的七國移民禁令

expressed fear about potential repercussions.

針對潛在的後果表達恐懼

If U.S. history is any indication, the fallout could be devastating to the progress of the country.

如果美國歷史有任何的跡象，指出這個結果會破壞國家的進步，如果美國歷史有任何的跡象，指出這個結果會破壞國家的進步

Within the U.S., President Trump is threatening to cut off federal funding to some of the

在美國境內，川普總統威脅要刪減聯邦資金在

country's largest cities as long as they continue to resist immigration enforcement.

某些大城市如果這些城市繼續抵制移民禁令

Find out what this means for Sanctuary Cities by watching this video here.

點這支影片可以了解更多有關庇護城市的資訊

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