One of the earliest recorded peace treaties was engraved into a stone wall more than three

其中最原始的和平協議之一就是在三千多年前被鑲進石頭牆上用以

thousand years ago, ending a war between the Egyptians and the ancient Hittite Empire.

促進埃及以己古老的赫梯帝國間的戰爭的和平條約。

Peace negotiations have always been ritualistic, although traditions have changed over time.

和平協商總是以一種形式性的方式存在，儘管我們的傳統多年來已隨時間改變。

In the early middle ages, before literacy, many peace treaties were sealed with a kiss.

在中世紀早期，在識字普及前，許多的和平條約的約定是以一個吻的形式代替。

Today, such agreements usually require signed documentation, a handshake and a neutral third

在現今社會裡，類似的合同是需要雙方簽署，握手，以及中立

party.

團體的認證。

Often this third party is the United Nations, but in many instances it’s Norway.

通常，代表中立團體的是聯合國，但是在許多案例裡， 挪威代表了這第三方團體。

In fact since the end of the cold war, the Scandinavian country has recognized its engagement

事實上，自從冷戰結束後，斯堪地那維亞國家官方數據指出其參與了

in ten peace processes.

十項和平進程。

However experts say this figure could be as high as 20, as such arrangements are often

然而，許多專家說這數據可能高達20件，但是相關的安排通常有

bound to secrecy.

保密條件。

Most recently, Norway was instrumental in brokering peace between the government of

最近， 挪威曾致力於促進

Colombia and the FARC rebel group, although the measure was ultimately rejected in a referendum.

哥倫比亞以及哥倫比亞革命軍 （哥革武）之間的和平，雖然這項措施最終在全民投票中被拒絕

So, why Norway?

為什麼是挪威呢？

Well, Norway has a long history as a so-called “peace nation”.

挪威作為所謂的「和平國家」有悠久的歷史。

The relatively young country emerged out of a non-violent secession with Sweden in 1905

由1905年瑞典的非暴力分裂而成的許多較新興的國家

and has since focused its foreign policy on global leadership, conflict resolution and

創國以來將其外交政策專注於全球領導，解決衝突和

promoting international human rights, rather than wars or colonization.

促進國際人權，而不是戰爭或殖民化。

The Norwegian government was able to boost these initiatives in the late 20th century,

挪威政府在20世紀後期能夠推動這些提案，

as the discovery of oil in the 1970’s made it one of the wealthiest countries in Europe.

全歸於挪威在20世紀70年代的石油探勘使它成為歐洲最富有的國家之一。

By the end of the 1990’s, Norway was funding more than 20 NGOs in nearly 100 countries,

截至1990年代末，挪威金援100個國家的20多個非政府組織，

and an estimated one percent of its population

估計其人口的百分之一

was taking part in peacekeeping missions around the world.

都曾參與在世界各國維持和平的任務。

Meanwhile, Norway cemented its role as a neutral intermediary in major international conflicts.

同時，挪威鞏固了其作為主要國際衝突中立中介的角色。

Throughout the 1990’s, the country brokered peace deals in Europe, Central America, Africa

在整個20世紀90年代，該國在各地持續促進和平協議，例如在歐洲，中美洲，非洲

and the Middle East, beginning with the Oslo Accords in 1993.

和中東，以1993年的“奧斯陸協定”為首例

This was a series of meetings between Israel and Palestine,

這是有關於推動以色列和巴勒斯坦之間和平的一系列會議

which had been in violent conflict for decades.

以緩和在兩國中持續幾十年的戰爭

Norway was uniquely qualified to broker peace as it had friendly diplomatic relations with

挪威是具有獨特資格的經濟和平，因為它有友好的外交關係

both Israeli and Palestinian leaders.

以色列和巴勒斯坦領導人

The Oslo Accords was the first time Israel and Palestine formally recognized each other,

奧斯陸協議是以色列和巴勒斯坦第一次正式相互認可，

and although the accords weren’t a peace treaty in a formal sense, they paved the way

儘管這些協定在形式上不是一項和平條約，但是它們為了

for a final agreement to be signed in 1998.

在1998年簽訂的最終協議而鋪路

However Norway’s role in these and other peace treaties is not without controversy.

然而，挪威在這些和其他和平條約中的作用並不是沒有爭議。

For nearly 70 years Norway been a close ally to the US and other Western powers through

近70年來，挪威通過加入北約，參加了所有主要軍事行動，

its membership to NATO, taking part in all of its major military operations.

成為美國和其他西方列強的密切盟友。

This has led to many to question whether the country is truly an impartial mediator, as

這導致許多人質疑該國是否真正是一個公正的調解人

it has made a commitment to defend NATO countries.

它已承諾捍衛北約國家。

Although Norway’s impartiality has been called into question, the country still upholds

雖然挪威的公正性受到質疑，但該國仍然堅持

its reputation as the world’s peace broker.

其作為世界和平仲裁人的聲譽。

In fact, when discussing matters of diplomacy, many people reference the so-called “Norwegian

事實上，在討論外交事務時，很多人都提到所謂的「挪威

model”, which combines facilitation of peace treaties with long term humanitarian aid.

模式」，就是促進和平條約的同時結合提供長期人道主義援助。

Even the Nobel Peace Prize is awarded in Norway, after the winner is chosen by members of the

甚至諾貝爾和平獎會在挪威頒獎當在贏家被

Norwegian parliament.

挪威議會選中。

There’s no doubt Norway’s non-violent history, combined with its active role in

理所當然，挪威的非暴力歷史，加上扮演積極的角色以

mediating conflicts, has cemented its identity as the world’s peace mediator.

調解衝突，已經鞏固了其作為世界和平調解者的身份。

Norway plays an active role in the United Nations and NATO, and the country has one

挪威在聯合國和北約發揮積極作用，該國在

of the fastest growing economies in Europe.

歐洲的經濟體快速成長。

So how powerful is Norway?

那麼挪威有多強大呢？

Find out in this video.

此視頻會為大家解答

This is partially due to Norway being the largest per capita producer of oil outside

大致上可說挪威是最大的石油生產國出了

the Middle East, accounting for roughly a quarter of the country's $4 billion GDP.

中東以外，約佔國內生產總值40億美元的四分之一。

Thanks for watching Seeker Daily!

感謝您觀看Seeker Daily！

Don’t forget to like and subscribe for new videos from us every day.

不要忘記每天都幫我們按讚和訂閱我們的新影片。