They're accused of being entitled and narcissistic, and some even accused them of being lazy.

很多人認為他們把一切視為理所當然，而且盛氣凌人，甚至有人說他們懶惰。

I think it's an unfair label.

我覺得給他們貼上這標籤，很不公平

And I think the first thing we do is great leaders were supposed to demonstrate empathy.

我們首先要做的是，身為領導人，我們要將心比心。

And I think we failed the millennial generation which is we haven't demonstrated empathy,

我認為我們之所以無法帶領他們，是因為我們沒有站在他們的立場

but rather have just accused them and expressed our frustrations.

只是不斷苛責他們，表達不滿和失望。

The funny thing is so many leaders are so frustrated by this generation that they've given up trying to lead them,

有趣的是，許多領導人的失望是由這群被遺棄的世代所引起的，他們放棄領導年輕世代，

and now just ask them what they want.

現在卻只問他們要什麼。

And they say beanbags and free food and flexible work hours and open work plans.

他們說小布袋、免費食物、彈性工作時間和工作計畫。

And we give them all of that, and still nothing changes.

結果我們全部奉上，卻毫無效果。

So I've been able to sort of boil it down to four observations:

我可以將我的觀察分類成四點：

parenting, technology, impatience and environment.

父母、科技、耐性缺乏和環境。

Many amongst this generation and the Millennials are defined as a group of people born around the year 1984 and add another twenty years.

這個族群或俗稱的千禧世代被定義為出生在1984年到2004年間的人。

So many in this generation have been subject to what has been described as a failed parenting strategy.

許多這個世代的人被失敗的家庭教育所影響。

Many of them were raised being told that they were special and that they can have whatever they want just because they wanted.

很多人在長大期間被灌輸說自己很特別，他們要什麼有什麼。

Many of them got into advanced classes and schools not because they necessarily deserved it but because their parents complained.

很多人進入資優班或高階學校並不是因為他們應得的，而是他們的父母不斷抱怨。

And then may have even gotten better grades not because they earn them

他們擁有更好的成績，而這些成績也不是他們自己賺的，

but because the teachers didn't want to deal with the parents.

是老師懶得應付這些恐龍父母。

And then they graduate and get a job, and instantly, they discover they're not special.

到後面，他們畢業，找到工作，但很快的，他們發現他們並不特別。

And instantly they discover that you can't have whatever you want just because you want it.

而且他們也很快發現他們不能想有什麼，就有什麼。

You get nothing for coming in last, and your parents can't help you get a promotion.

最後他們一無所獲，而父母也無法幫忙獲得升遷。

I've even heard stories of parents complaining that their kids didn't get a promotion of her stories, of parents filling out job applications,

我甚至有聽過，有父母抱怨自己的小孩沒有獲得升遷，這是媽媽的說法。有些家長甚至幫孩子填寫求職履歷。

but in an instant, many in this generation have their entire self image completely shattered immediately.

但很快的，這個年輕世代發現自己的形象完全破碎

And what that resultant is...shakes their self-confidence.

並動搖牠們的自信心。

And so you have a disproportionately high number of people of an entire generation growing up with lower self-esteem, lower self-confidence than previous generations.

因此有非常多，不成比例屬於這個族群的人，比起先前的世代，在成長期間擁有非常低的自尊心和信心。

And remember also they've grown up in an Instagram, Snapchat, Facebook world where they're exceptionally good at filtering, presenting themselves,

而且你們要知道他們生長在網路科技、日新月異的世界，使他們在過濾資訊展現自己格外優秀，

as they want to be seen curating their lives even.

因為他們想策畫自己的生活。

In other words, they're very good at displaying how they want to be seen, so they sound tough, and they sound confident.

換句話說，他們善於展現他們渴望自己的樣子。因此他們聽來堅毅不拔有自信。

And they say things like ask us we know where the reality is.

他們發表言論像問我們是否知道現實的狀況。

They don't know. They're incredibly uncertain.

他們不知道，極度不確定

They're incredibly unsure, and they don't want anybody to know.

他們非常不肯定，他們不想讓任何人知道。

Now we know when we engage with cell phones or with social media, we get a hit of a chemical called dopamine.

任何人知道我們現在已經了解當我們使用手機、社交媒體時，我們會受到俗稱的多巴胺影響。

Dopamine is the same chemical that makes us feel good when we find thing we're looking for.

多巴胺是個化學物質，和我們找到摸索的事物時，讓我們感覺很好的物質相同。

When you hit the goal 'yes!' or win the game 'I did it!', right?

在我們達到目標「好耶」或贏了比賽「我成功了」 對吧?

That chemical is released when our phones go bing, buzz, flash or beep.

那個化學物質會在手機震動或響的時候釋放。

It's why when we feeling a little bit down, feeling a little bit sorry for ourselves, we send out 10 texts to 10 friends 'hi hi hi hi hi',

這就是為什麼當我們心情低落時，覺得自卑時，我們會傳十個訊息給十個朋友「嗨嗨嗨嗨嗨」，

hoping to get a response because it actually makes us feel good.

希望得到回應，因為這使我們感覺良好。

Now dopamine is the same chemical released in alcohol, nicotine, and gambling.

現在多巴胺可以從酒精、尼古丁和賭博中取得。

And almost all addictions are dopamine-based addictions.

幾乎所有令人上癮的事物都以多巴胺釋放為主。

Now, we have age restrictions on alcohol, cigarettes, and gambling because we know that a young developing mind is not yet strong enough to deal with the addictive qualities of dopamine.

我們現在有制定年齡限制，在酒類、香菸和賭博上，因為我們知道處於發展中的心智還不夠成熟面對多巴胺的上癮誘惑。

So we restrict children from engaging in these things, but we have no such age restrictions on social media or mobile phones.

因此我們限制孩子參與這些事情，但我們卻沒有在社交媒體和手機上設置年齡限制。

This is very dangerous.

這很危險。

When we're very very young, the only approval we need is the approval of our parents.

在我們非常年幼的時候，我們唯一需要的認可就來自父母。

That's all we need, right?

那是我們唯一需要的，對吧？

And as we go through adolescence, we start to make this transition.

當我們經過青春期，我們開始轉變，

We now crave the approval of our peers.

希望得到同儕的認可。

Very frustrating for our parents, very important for us and allows us to a acculturate outside of our immediate families into the wider tribe, right?

雖然讓父母感到沮喪，這卻對我們很重要，也讓我們的觀念改變。世界不再侷限於自己的家人，而是個大部落。

It's a time of high anxiety and high stress, and we're supposed to learn to rely on our friends.

這是個焦慮感和壓力交錯的時期，我們要學習依靠朋友。

Some people quite by accident discover alcohol and the numbing effects of dopamine that help them cope with the stress of adolescence.

有些人偶然間發現酒精和多巴胺的龐大效力，幫助他們抒發青春期的壓力。

That connection becomes hardwired.

這個連結變得不可或缺。

And so for the rest of their lives, when they suffer or any kind of extreme stress, social stress, career stress, they won't turn into a person, will turn to the bottle.

因此在他們人生接下來的階段，當他們遇到各種巨大壓力，社交壓力，工作壓力，他們不會孤獨一人，而是投靠酒瓶。

Now as I said before, social media and mobile phones also release dopamine, and we have no age restrictions on this open access.

就像我之前說的，社交媒體和手機也會釋放多巴胺，但我們卻沒有設立年齡限制。

It's the equivalent of throwing open the liquor cabinet and telling our teenagers try the vodka to help you get through teenager years.

這就像直接打開酒櫃或叫青少年喝伏特加來渡過青春期。

And that's what's happening.

現在就是這樣。

Unfettered access to highly highly addictive device

每個人都無限制的接觸這些極度容易上癮的設備，

and like all addiction, in time, you waste time, waste resources, and destroy relationships.

像其他上癮物一樣。最終，你浪費時間，浪費資源，傷害關係。

In other words, an entire generation not only growing up with an addiction but growing up with a lack of coping mechanisms.

換言之，整個世代不只有上癮物伴隨成長，還缺乏處理機制。

They haven't learned and aren't learning the social interactions that we need to learn to deal with stress in later life.

他們還沒學習也沒有在學習人際互動。我們需要學習人際互動，才能處理之後會遇到的壓力。

So what happens later on in their lives, when they suffer stress, they're not turning to each other.

所以當他們遇到壓力，人生會發生什麼事，他們不互相依靠，

They're not turning to people.

不向人求助，

They're turning to devices and turning to social media.

向手機設備求助，向社交媒體求助。

And some for some their entire self-worth comes from how many followers they have, how many likes they get.

有些人的自我價值，完全來自網路上有多少人關注，得到幾個讚，

It can be devastating if somebody unfollows them, right?

如果有人取消關追蹤他們的話，會是很嚴重的問題，對吧？

And any kind of work stress, they're not they're not going to people.

或者面對工作壓力，他們不懂得向人求助。

I've talked to lots and lots and lots of of Millennials,

我跟很多千禧族群聊過，

and they will admit to me that they struggle to form deep meaningful relationships.

他們承認培養真友情方面很困難。

They will freely admit that they wouldn't be surprised if their friends cancelled on them because they got better plans somewhere else.

他們也承認，如果有朋友跟他們斷絕關係，他們不會感到驚訝，因為他們在其他地方有更好的對策。

And when that happens, there's no sense of how to deal with that stress.

當這發生時，他們不懂得處理壓力，

And so you have an insecure generation that doesn't have the coping mechanisms how to deal with the stress.

所以整個世代毫無安全感，沒有任何面對壓力時的處理機制。

We're starting to see increase in suicide rates.

我們開始看到自殺率上升，

We're starting to see increase in drug addiction and depression even mass homicide.

我們開始看到吸毒人數，憂鬱症，甚至殺人案件愈來愈多。

In the United States, with over a hundred twenty school shootings in the past decade, something like seventy percent of them were perpetrated kids born after the year 1980.

在美國，過去十年在120所以上的學校發生的槍擊案，差不多有百分之七十的兇手是那些在1980年後出生，誤入歧途的孩子。