Name: 【TED-Ed】為什麼瓶子裡的膠水不會黏在一起 (Why doesn`t anything stick to Teflon?)
Uploaded: 2016-12-30T12:55:44.000Z
Duration: 4 min 45 s

黑手黨老大約翰-高蒂什麼都沒有粘住

who evaded justice for years by bribing and threatening jurors and witnesses.

他通過賄賂和威脅陪審員和證人來逃避司法多年。

這讓他獲得了 "鐵弗龍唐 "的稱號

after one of the slipperiest  materials on Earth.

以地球上最滑的材料之一為原型。

Teflon was in the spacesuits the Apollo crew wore for the moon landing,

阿波羅隊員登月時穿的宇航服裡就有特氟龍。

in pipes and valves used  in the Manhattan Project,

在曼哈頓項目中使用的管道和閥門中。

and maybe in your kitchen as the nonstick coating on frying pans and cookie sheets.

也許在你的廚房裡，可以作為不粘鍋和餅乾片的塗層。

So what is this slippery solid, and why doesn't anything stick to it?

那麼這個滑膩的固體是什麼，為什麼什麼東西都不粘在上面呢？

Teflon is a brand name for polytetrafluoroethylene,

特氟龍是聚四氟乙烯的品牌名稱。

It was stumbled upon accidentally in 1938 by a 27-year-old American chemist

它是在1938年由一位27歲的美國化學家偶然發現的。

while he was trying to develop  a non-toxic refrigerant fluid for DuPont,

當他試圖為杜邦公司開發一種無毒的冷凍液時。

The strange, white substance that formed inside his lab canister

在他的實驗室罐子裡形成的奇怪的白色物質。

meaning it wouldn't react  with other substances.

意味著它不會與其他物質發生反應。

It also had an extremely  low coefficient of friction,

making other materials slide right off it.

Teflon's properties make it perfect when you need something slippery,

特富龍的特性使它成為你需要滑溜的東西時的完美選擇。

which means it has a lot of applications.

and even the Rocky Mountains-themed roof of the Denver International Airport.

甚至是以落基山脈為主題的丹佛國際機場的屋頂。

The incredible properties of PTFE come from its molecular structure.

聚四氟乙烯令人難以置信的特性來自其分子結構。

meaning it's made of long chains of repeating units of atoms strung together.

意味著它是由長長的原子重複組織、部門鏈串聯而成的。

A PTFE chain has a backbone  of carbon atoms,

聚四氟乙烯鏈有一個碳原子的骨架。

each of which is attached  to two fluorines.

The fluorine atoms surround the carbon like armor,

and the bond between carbon and fluorine is incredibly tight.

而碳和氟之間的結合是非常緊密的。

Like a couple that ignores everyone except each other,

就像一對情侶，除了對方，誰都不理誰。

that the normal, intermolecular forces that help substances stick to each other

正常的、幫助物質相互粘附的分子間力量。

Even the famously adhesive feet of geckos usually can't get a grip.

即使是壁虎那雙著名的粘性腳，通常也抓不住。

how can it be so firmly attached to something like a pan?

怎麼能和平底鍋這樣的東西牢牢相連呢？

or etching it with chemicals  to make it rough.

或用化學藥品蝕刻，使其變得粗糙。

Then, a special primer is applied, which acts like glue.

然後，塗上一層特殊的底漆，它的作用就像膠水一樣。

Its exact composition is a trade secret guarded by each manufacturer.

它的確切成分是每個製造商所保守的商業祕密。

and heated to around  800 degrees Fahrenheit.

The layers then solidify into a smooth, slick coating.

然後層層凝固成光滑、滑膩的塗層。

When you later cook eggs in this PTFE-coated pan,

當你以後用這個塗有聚四氟乙烯的鍋煮雞蛋時。

just ignore the water and fat and protein molecules in the eggs.

只要忽略雞蛋中的水和脂肪以及蛋白質分子就可以了。

the food just slides around  without sticking.

You might wonder if it's safe to cook in a PTFE-coated pan.

你可能會想知道在PTFE塗層的鍋裡做飯是否安全。

答案是肯定的，如果你'小心的話。

PTFE is stable at moderate temperatures, like you'd use to cook eggs or fish,

聚四氟乙烯在適度的溫度下是穩定的，就像你'd用來煮雞蛋或魚。

but above 500 degrees Fahrenheit, it starts to degrade,

但超過華氏500度，就會開始退化。

and heating it further releases fumes that can make you feel sick.

並進一步加熱釋放出煙霧，會讓你感到噁心。

An empty pan can reach 500 degrees fast over high heat,

but most kitchens are ventilated  well enough to dissipate the fumes.

但大多數廚房的通風效果很好，可以將油煙散去。

People used to also think  that accidentally consuming PTFE

過去人們還認為，不小心吃了聚四氟乙烯

that flaked off a scratched pan was bad for you,

but the current consensus  is that it's harmless.

但目前的共識是，它'是無害的。

Because PTFE doesn't interact with other chemicals very well,

因為聚四氟乙烯與其他化學物質的相互作用不是很好。

it isn't thought to break down inside your body.

它不是'以為會在你的身體內分解。

Whether it's safe to manufacture Teflon is another story.

製造特氟龍是否安全是另一回事。

杜邦公司及其衍生公司Chemours；

now face lawsuits  worth millions of dollars.

現在面臨價值數百萬美元的訴訟。

They've been accused of polluting the environment for decades

他們被指責汙染環境幾十年了。

and exposing employees  and local communities

to health risks associated  with a toxic chemical called PFOA.

與一種名為PFOA的有毒化學品有關的健康風險。

That chemical was involved in manufacturing Teflon.

這種化學品參與了特氟隆的製造。

in 1992, the Mob boss was finally  convicted of five counts of murder,

1992年，黑幫老大最終被判定五項謀殺罪名成立。

That prompted the head of the FBI office in New York City to announce,

這促使聯邦調查局駐紐約市辦公室主任宣佈。

The don is covered in Velcro, and all the charges stuck."

唐人用魔術貼蓋住，所有的收費都卡住了."

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【TED-Ed】為什麼瓶子裡的膠水不會黏在一起 (Why doesn`t anything stick to Teflon?)

stick

substance

consume

interact