We don't live in the world our mothers lived in,

讓我們從承認我們很幸運開始吧。

our grandmothers lived in,

我們不是生活在

where career choices for women were so limited.

我們的母親生活的世界，我們的祖母生活的世界，

And if you're in this room today,

那時婦女的職業選擇是如此有限。

most of us grew up in a world where we have basic civil rights,

如果你今天在這個房間裡，

and amazingly, we still live in a world where some women don't have them.

我們大多數人成長在一個

But all that aside, we still have a problem,

有基本的公民權利的世界裡。

and it's a real problem.

而令人驚奇的是我們仍然生活在

And the problem is this:

一個有些女性沒有這些權利的世界裡。

Women are not making it to the top of any profession

除此以外，我們還有一個問題，

anywhere in the world.

一個真正的問題。

The numbers tell the story quite clearly.

而這個問題是：

190 heads of state -- nine are women.

女人並沒有成為

Of all the people in parliament in the world,

任何專業的頂峰，

13 percent are women.

在世界任何地方。

In the corporate sector, women at the top,

數字可以很清晰的說明這個故事。

C-level jobs, board seats --

一百九十位國家元首 --

tops out at 15, 16 percent.

有九個是婦女。

The numbers have not moved since 2002

在世界上所有的議會裡的人，

and are going in the wrong direction.

百分之十三是婦女。

And even in the non-profit world,

在企業部門，

a world we sometimes think of as being led by more women,

在頂端的婦女，

women at the top: 20 percent.

C級職位，董事會席位 --

We also have another problem,

頂多是百分之十五、十六。

which is that women face harder choices

自2002年以來，這些數字都沒有變化，

between professional success and personal fulfillment.

還是朝著錯誤的方向邁進。

A recent study in the U.S. showed that, of married senior managers,

即使在非營利的世界裡，

two-thirds of the married men had children

一個我們有時會想

and only one-third of the married women had children.

是由婦女領導的世界，

A couple of years ago, I was in New York,

在頂端的婦女：百分之二十。

and I was pitching a deal,

我們還面臨著另一個問題，

and I was in one of those fancy New York private equity offices

就是婦女在職業成就和個人實現方面

you can picture.

面對較艱難的選擇。

And I'm in the meeting -- it's about a three-hour meeting --

在美國最近的一項研究表明，

and two hours in, there needs to be that bio break,

已婚的高級管理人員，

and everyone stands up,

三分之二的是已婚而有孩子的男性，

and the partner running the meeting starts looking really embarrassed.

只有三分之一的是已婚而有孩子的婦女。

And I realized he doesn't know where the women's room is in his office.

幾年前，我在紐約，

So I start looking around for moving boxes,

我在談一宗交易，

figuring they just moved in, but I don't see any.

我在一個別緻的紐約私募基金辦公室，

And so I said, "Did you just move into this office?"

你能想像。

And he said, "No, we've been here about a year."

而我在會議 -- 這是個大約三小時的會議 --

And I said, "Are you telling me that I am the only woman

在兩小時時，大家需要一種生理小息，

to have pitched a deal in this office in a year?"

每個人都站起來，

And he looked at me, and he said,

而那個舉行會議的合作夥伴

"Yeah. Or maybe you're the only one who had to go to the bathroom."

開始看起來真的很尷尬。

(Laughter)

我意識到他不知道哪裡

So the question is, how are we going to fix this?

他的辦公室哪裡有女洗手間。

How do we change these numbers at the top?

所以我開始環顧四周找那些搬運的箱子，

How do we make this different?

心想他們才剛搬進來，但我也看不到。

I want to start out by saying, I talk about this --

所以我說，“你剛剛搬進這個辦公室嗎？”

about keeping women in the workforce --

而他說：“不，我們已經在這裡差不多一年。”

because I really think that's the answer.

我說，“你是不是告訴我

In the high-income part of our workforce,

我是這一年裡在這個辦公室裡

in the people who end up at the top --

談交易的唯一一個女人？”

Fortune 500 CEO jobs, or the equivalent in other industries --

他看著我，他說：“是啊。

the problem, I am convinced, is that women are dropping out.

或許你是唯一一個要去洗手間的。”

Now people talk about this a lot,

（眾笑）

and they talk about things like flextime and mentoring

所以問題是，

and programs companies should have to train women.

我們如何去解決這個問題？

I want to talk about none of that today,

我們如何改變這些在頂端的數字？

even though that's all really important.

我們如何令它不同？

Today I want to focus on what we can do as individuals.

我想開始說，

What are the messages we need to tell ourselves?

我講這一點 --

What are the messages we tell the women that work with and for us?

關於讓婦女留在職場 --

What are the messages we tell our daughters?

因為我真的認為這是問題的答案。

Now, at the outset, I want to be very clear

在勞動人口中高收入的一群，

that this speech comes with no judgments.

在那群最終在頂端的人裡 --

I don't have the right answer.

財富500強的CEO職位，

I don't even have it for myself.

或等值的其它行業 --

I left San Francisco, where I live, on Monday,

問題，我深信，

and I was getting on the plane for this conference.

是婦女退出了。

And my daughter, who's three, when I dropped her off at preschool,

現在人們經常談論這個，

did that whole hugging-the-leg, crying, "Mommy, don't get on the plane" thing.

他們談論像彈性時間和顧問指導的事

This is hard. I feel guilty sometimes.

和公司應該有計劃培訓婦女。

I know no women,

我今天不想說任何一個 --

whether they're at home or whether they're in the workforce,

儘管這一切都非常重要。

who don't feel that sometimes.

今天，我希望把重點放在我們個人能做些什麼。

So I'm not saying that staying in the workforce

什麼是我們需要告訴自己的信息？

is the right thing for everyone.

有什麼信息是我們要告訴那些與我們工作和為我們工作的婦女？

My talk today is about what the messages are

有什麼信息是我們要告訴女兒的？

if you do want to stay in the workforce,

現在，首先，我要非常清楚，

and I think there are three.

這個演講沒有定論。

One, sit at the table.

我沒有正確答案，

Two, make your partner a real partner.

連我自己都沒有。

And three, don't leave before you leave.

我離開舊金山，我住的地方，在星期一，

Number one: sit at the table.

我為了這個會議上飛機。

Just a couple weeks ago at Facebook,

而我的女兒，三歲，當我在幼兒園放下她時，

we hosted a very senior government official,

她整個抱著我的腿，

and he came in to meet with senior execs

哭叫著：“媽媽，不要上飛機” 的東西。

from around Silicon Valley.

這是困難的。有時我感到內疚。

And everyone kind of sat at the table.

我知道沒有婦女，

He had these two women who were traveling with him

無論她們在家，還是在職場，

pretty senior in his department,

有時候不覺得那樣。

and I kind of said to them,

所以我不是說留在職場

"Sit at the table. Come on, sit at the table,"

對所有人來說都是正確的事。

and they sat on the side of the room.

我今天的講座是關於提供什麼信息給大家，

When I was in college, my senior year,

如果你真的想繼續留在職場

I took a course called European Intellectual History.

我認為有三種。

Don't you love that kind of thing from college?

一，坐在桌旁。

I wish I could do that now.

二，使你的合作夥伴成為一個真正的合作夥伴。

And I took it with my roommate, Carrie,

三，不要你離開之前離開。

who was then a brilliant literary student --

第一：坐在桌旁。

and went on to be a brilliant literary scholar --

就在幾個星期前，在Facebook的辦公室裡，

and my brother -- smart guy,

我們招待了一個很高級的政府官員，

but a water-polo-playing pre-med,

他來跟在矽谷周邊的

who was a sophomore.

高管會面。

The three of us take this class together.

每個人都坐在桌子旁。

And then Carrie reads all the books in the original Greek and Latin,

而他有兩個跟他一起出訪的女人

goes to all the lectures.

她們在他部門也算高級的。

I read all the books in English

而且我客氣地對她們說：“坐在桌旁。來吧，坐在桌旁。”

and go to most of the lectures.

而他們坐在房間的一旁。

My brother is kind of busy.

當我在大學畢業那年，

He reads one book of 12 and goes to a couple of lectures,

我報讀了一個名為歐洲思想史課程。

marches himself up to our room

你不喜歡大學的那種事情嗎。

a couple days before the exam to get himself tutored.

我希望我現在能做到了。

The three of us go to the exam together, and we sit down.

我和我的室友，嘉莉，一起報讀，

And we sit there for three hours --

她當時是一個傑出的文學學生 --

and our little blue notebooks -- yes, I'm that old.

而發展成一個傑出的文學學者 --

We walk out, we look at each other, and we say, "How did you do?"

而我的弟弟 --

And Carrie says, "Boy, I feel like I didn't really draw out the main point

聰明的傢伙，但是一個打水球的醫學預科生，

on the Hegelian dialectic."

是個二年級學生。

And I say, "God, I really wish I had really connected

我們三人一起上課。

John Locke's theory of property with the philosophers that follow."

嘉莉讀了所有的書

And my brother says,

包括希臘和拉丁文原文 --

"I got the top grade in the class."

上了所有的演講 --

(Laughter)

我讀了所有的英文書籍

"You got the top grade in the class?

去了大部分的演講。

You don't know anything."

我弟弟比較忙；

(Laughter)

他讀了十二本書的其中一本

The problem with these stories is that they show what the data shows:

上了幾課演講，

women systematically underestimate their own abilities.

他遊行到我們的房間

If you test men and women,

在考試前幾天讓自己被我們輔導。

and you ask them questions on totally objective criteria like GPAs,

我們三人一起去考試，我們坐下。

men get it wrong slightly high,

我們坐在那裡三個小時 --

and women get it wrong slightly low.

我們的藍色小筆記本 -- 是的，我就是那麼老。

Women do not negotiate for themselves in the workforce.

我們走出來，看了看對方，而我們說，“你做得怎樣？”

A study in the last two years

嘉莉說，“各位，我覺得我並沒有真正畫出

of people entering the workforce out of college

黑格爾的辯證法的重點。”

showed that 57 percent of boys entering, or men, I guess,

而我說：“上帝，我真的希望我有真正連接

are negotiating their first salary,

洛克的財產理論與哲學家的後續。”

and only seven percent of women.

我弟弟說：

And most importantly,

“我得到了全班最好的成績。”

men attribute their success to themselves,

“你得到了全班最好的成績？

and women attribute it to other external factors.

你什麼都不知道。”

If you ask men why they did a good job,

這些故事的問題是，

they'll say, "I'm awesome.

他們顯示了數據顯示：

Obviously. Why are you even asking?"

女性系統性地低估了自己的能力。

If you ask women why they did a good job,

如果你測試男人和女人，

what they'll say is someone helped them,

你問他們一些有完全客觀的標準的問題，像GPA（大學學分），

they got lucky, they worked really hard.

男人把它錯估稍高，

Why does this matter?

女人把它錯估稍低。

Boy, it matters a lot.

婦女不為她們自己在職場作談判。

Because no one gets to the corner office

在過去兩年的一項關於

by sitting on the side, not at the table,

離開校門進入職場的人的研究，

and no one gets the promotion

發現百分之五十七的男孩進入 --

if they don't think they deserve their success,

或者男人，我猜 --

or they don't even understand their own success.

有為他們的第一份工資談判，

I wish the answer were easy.

只有百分之七的婦女有談判。

I wish I could go tell all the young women I work for,

而最重要的是，

these fabulous women,

男人把成功歸因於自己，

"Believe in yourself and negotiate for yourself.

而婦女把它歸功於其他外部因素。

Own your own success."

如果你問男人，為什麼他們的工作做得不錯，

I wish I could tell that to my daughter.

他們會說，“我棒極了。

But it's not that simple.

很明顯。為什麼你還需要問？”

Because what the data shows, above all else, is one thing,

如果你問婦女為什麼她們的工作做得很好，

which is that success and likeability are positively correlated for men

她們會說是有人幫助她們，

and negatively correlated for women.

她們很幸運，她們真的很辛苦工作。

And everyone's nodding, because we all know this to be true.

為什麼這有影響呢？

There's a really good study that shows this really well.

各位，這是相當重要的，

There's a famous Harvard Business School study

因為沒有人會選擇坐在辦公室角落

on a woman named Heidi Roizen.

坐在一邊的，而不是在桌邊的人。

And she's an operator in a company in Silicon Valley,

而沒有人會得到晉升，

and she uses her contacts

如果她們不認為她們應該得到屬於自己的成功，

to become a very successful venture capitalist.

或者她們甚至不認識自己的成功。

In 2002 -- not so long ago --

我希望答案是很容易的。

a professor who was then at Columbia University

我希望我能去告訴所有跟我一起工作的年輕女人，

took that case and made it [Howard] Roizen.

所有那些極好的婦女，

And he gave the case out, both of them, to two groups of students.

“相信自己，為你自己進行談判。

He changed exactly one word:

你擁有自己的成功。”

"Heidi" to "Howard."

我希望我能告訴我的女兒。

But that one word made a really big difference.

但它不是那麼簡單。

He then surveyed the students,

因為數據顯示，高於一切，是一件事 --

and the good news was the students, both men and women,

那就是成功和討喜

thought Heidi and Howard were equally competent,

對男性呈正相關，

and that's good.

對女性呈負相關。

The bad news was that everyone liked Howard.

而每個人都點頭，

He's a great guy. You want to work for him.

因為我們都知道這是真的。

You want to spend the day fishing with him.

有一個很好的研究非常好的顯示了這個。

But Heidi? Not so sure.

有一個著名的哈佛商學院的研究

She's a little out for herself. She's a little political.

關於一個叫海蒂·羅森的女人。

You're not sure you'd want to work for her.

她是公司的一個經營者

This is the complication.

在矽谷，

We have to tell our daughters and our colleagues,

而她用她的人脈

we have to tell ourselves to believe we got the A,

成為一個非常成功的風險資本家。

to reach for the promotion, to sit at the table,

在2002 -- 不久前 --

and we have to do it in a world

一位當時在哥倫比亞大學的教授

where, for them, there are sacrifices they will make for that,

拿這個案例，把她改成霍華‧德羅森。

even though for their brothers, there are not.

他提出案例 -- 兩個案例 --

The saddest thing about all of this is that it's really hard to remember this.

給兩組學生。

And I'm about to tell a story which is truly embarrassing for me,

他只改變了一個字：

but I think important.

海蒂 改成 霍華德。

I gave this talk at Facebook not so long ago

但是，這一個字做了非常大的差異。

to about 100 employees,

然後他訪問那些學生。

and a couple hours later, there was a young woman who works there

好消息，這些是學生，無論男女，

sitting outside my little desk, and she wanted to talk to me.

都覺得海蒂和霍華德同樣勝任，

I said, okay, and she sat down, and we talked.

這很好。

And she said, "I learned something today.

而壞消息是，每個人都喜歡霍華德。

I learned that I need to keep my hand up."

他是一個很棒的傢伙，你想為他工作，

"What do you mean?"

你想花一天時間與他捕魚。

She said, "You're giving this talk,

但海蒂？不敢肯定。

and you said you would take two more questions.

她有一點點少了自己。她有一點點政治化。

I had my hand up with many other people,

你不知道自己要不要為她工作。

and you took two more questions.

這就是併發症。

I put my hand down, and I noticed all the women did the same,

我們要告訴我們的女兒和同事，

and then you took more questions,

我們要告訴自己，相信我們得到了A，

only from the men."

以達到晉升，

And I thought to myself,

坐在桌邊。

"Wow, if it's me -- who cares about this, obviously --

而且我們必須這樣做，

giving this talk --

在一個世界裡，對她們來說將要犧牲來彌補這一點，

and during this talk, I can't even notice that the men's hands are still raised,

儘管對兄弟來說沒有。

and the women's hands are still raised,

關於這一切最可悲的一點是，我們真的很難記住這一點。

how good are we

而我要告訴大家一個對我來說確實很尷尬的故事，

as managers of our companies and our organizations

但我認為重要的。

at seeing that the men are reaching for opportunities

我在不久之前在Facebook做這個演講，

more than women?"

約有一百名員工。

We've got to get women to sit at the table.

而幾個小時後，有一名在這裡工作的年輕女子

(Cheers)

坐在我的小桌子外面，

(Applause)

她想和我說話。

Message number two:

我說，好吧，她坐了下來，和我們交談。

Make your partner a real partner.

她說，“我今天學到了一些東西。

I've become convinced that we've made more progress in the workforce

我學到我需要保持舉手。”

than we have in the home.