My name is Emma, and in today's video I am going to answer your questions on

我叫 Emma，今天在影片中我要回答你們的問題

what is the difference between "by" and "with"?

"by" 和 "with" 有甚麼不同？

Many students make mistakes with "by" and "with",

許多學生會犯 "by" 和 "with" 的錯誤

so in today's lesson I'm hoping to help you with this so you won't make so many mistakes

所以今天課程裡我希望可以幫助你讓你不再犯那麼多錯誤

and you'll understand what are the differences between these two words.

然後你會了解這兩個字的不同之處

Okay, so to start with I have here some questions.

OK，開始前我這裡有些問題

I want you to think: Which ones are correct and which ones are not correct?

希望你想想看：哪些是對的，哪些是錯的？

I also want you to think which sentences...

還有哪一個句子？

Why are they correct?

為甚麼它們是對的？

Okay?

好嗎？

So, why are they correct and why are they incorrect?

為何是對的，又為何是錯的?

So my first sentence: "I learn English by watching engVid."

第一個句子：" I learn English by watching engVid."

Compare this to: "I learn English with watching engVid."

對照：" I learn English with watching engVid."

Which one do you think is the correct form?

你想哪一個是對的形式呢？

Do we use "by" or do we use "with"?

我們是用 "by" 還是 "with"？

Okay.

OK

If you said: "I learn English by watching engVid." you are correct.

如果你說：" I learn English by watching engVid." 你就答對了

Okay? And I will explain why in the next part of this video.

OK？ 待會我會在影片中講解為什麼

So: "I learn English with watching engVid."

" I learn English with watching engVid."

No, we don't use that.

這句是錯的，我們不會這樣用

Okay, so what about the next two?

OK，再來第二題

"I write with a pen.", "I write by a pen."

" I write with a pen.", " I write by a pen."

Which one do you think is the correct sentence, and which one is incorrect and why?

你覺得哪個是對的，哪個是錯的，為甚麼呢？

Okay, if you said: "I write with a pen." you are correct.

OK，如果你選 " I write with a pen." 你就答對了

In this case this is the correct one.

這選項是對的

And: "I write by a pen." this is-enh-incorrect.

" I write by a pen." 這是錯的

So, before we talk about some of the differences, let's talk about the similarities.

所以，在我們它們的不同之處前，來談談他們的共同點

How are "by" and "with" the same?

"by" 和 "with" 哪裡相同呢？

Well, they both answer the question: How?

那就是它們都是用來回答 how 的問句

Okay? So they're both the answer to the question: How?

它們都是用來回答 how 的問句

How do you learn English?

你如何學英文？

I learn English by watching engVid.

我看engVid學英文

I learn English by reading my dictionary every night.

我每天晚上看字典學英文

That's probably not a good idea, but I learn English by talking to people.

這或許不是個好方法，但我跟人交談學英文

Okay? So that's answering how you do something.

就是 how 問句的應答

Similarly with "with", it also answers the question: How?

"with" 也是用來回答 how 問句

How do you write?

你要如何書寫？

Well, I write with a pen.

我用筆書寫

How do you eat dinner?

你怎麼吃晚餐？

I eat dinner with a fork. Okay?

我用叉子吃晚餐

Or I eat dinner with chopsticks.

或是我用筷子吃晚餐

So they both answer the same question: How?

所以它們都是用來回答同一種問題：how

But they are a little bit different, so let's look at these differences now.

但它們也有一點不同的地方，現在讓我們來看看它們的不同之處吧

Okay, so let's look at some example sentences with "by".

OK，這些是 "by" 的例句

"I turn on the computer by pushing the on button."

「我按開啟鈕來開電腦」

Okay? So this is, again, answering the question: How?

這又是在回答 how 的問句

How do you turn on the computer?

你要怎麼開電腦？

Well, I turn on the computer by pushing the on button.

「我按下開啟鈕來開電腦」

I want you to take a moment to look at this sentence.

請你花點時間看看這個句子

What comes after "by"?

"by" 後面有甚麼？

We have here "pushing".

這裡加了 "pushing"

"Pushing" is a verb. Okay?

"pushing" 是個動詞

So I'm just going to underline this.

我就在它下面畫底線

So we often use...

所以我們常用...

After "by" we often have a verb when we're explaining how something is done.

當我們再解釋某是如何完成時，在 "by" 後面常有個動詞

Let's look at another example.

再來看看另一個例子

"I keep healthy by exercising."

「我運動來維持健康」

So, again, after "by" you'll notice we have a verb: "exercise". Okay?

在 "by" 後面，你又會注意到有個動詞 "exercise"

In this case it's "exercising".

在這邊是 "exercising"

So, one of the first things to notice is after "by" we often have a verb.

所以其中一個注意到的就是 "by" 後面有個動詞

I have here: "by verb", but that's not all.

我這邊寫了 "by verb"，但還沒完

If you look at the verb, what form is the verb in?

你看這個動詞是什麼形式的？

Well, take a moment.

等等

What do "pushing" and "exercising" have in common?

"pushing" 和 "exercising" 有甚麼共同點？

They both end in "ing", so I'm going to write here: "ing".

它們結尾都是 "ing"，所以我在這寫了 "ing"

Okay?

OK？

So we use "by", after "by" comes a verb, and then comes "ing".

所以當我們用 "by"，後面加一個動詞，然後 "ing"

You know: How do you keep clean?

你要如何保持乾淨？

I keep clean by showering.

我洗澡來保持乾淨

How do you study?

你如何學習？

I study by...

我透過...來學習

Well, not hanging out with my friends, that would be terrible for studying.

嗯，不是跟朋友出去玩，這對學習沒有幫助

I study by reading over my notes.

我讀遍我的筆記來學習

Okay? So after "by" we have the verb and "ing".

OK？所以 "by" 後面是加動詞 "ing"

So let's do one together.

讓我們一起做一題看看

"I learned karate (or karate) by _________ YouTube."

"I learned karate (or karate) by _________ YouTube."

What do you think the verb would be?

你覺得動詞是什麼呢？

We could say: "by watch".

我們可能會說："by watch"

Is that right? "...by watch YouTube"?

這樣是對的嗎?... "...by watch YouTube"?

No, we need the "ing", perfect.

不對，我們需要加 "ing"，非常好

"I learned karate by watching YouTube."

"I learned karate by watching YouTube."

Okay? So, again, this is very useful because any time you're explaining how,

這非常實用，因為任何時候當你要解釋如何做某件事時

if you have a verb and "by" then you can explain how you do something.

你有個動詞和 "by" 就可以說明怎麼做了

Okay, now let's look at some of...

現在讓我們再來看一些...

Some more differences between "with" and "by".

更多 "with" 和 "by" 的不同之處

So before I begin teaching you more about "by" and "with", I just want to say that

在我教你更多 "with" 和 "by" 的用法之前，我先聲明這些是普遍的規則

these are the general rules, and there are always times in English when rules are broken

英文常常會打破規則

or when there are exceptions.

或是有例外的時候

Okay? And so these are the most basic of the rules with "by" and "with".

所以這些是 "with" 和 "by" 最基本的規則

Okay, so now let's look at when we're talking about a noun.

我們再來看當講到名詞時的用法

We've just talked about using "by" with a verb ending in "ing" to answer how to do something.

我們剛說到 "by" 後面加動詞 "ing" 以解釋如何做某件事

Well, we can also talk about how...

我們也可以談怎麼做...

When...

什麼時候...

By using a noun.

使用名詞來說明如何做某件事

So, to remind you what a noun is, it's usually a person, a place, a thing, or maybe an idea.

這是提醒你名詞通常是一個人、地點、事物、或是一個想法

So let's look at some examples.

來看看幾個例子

Oh, before we get to some examples, one of the major rules when we come to "by" is we

喔在看例子之前，我們提到 "by"，其中一個重要的規則就是

often use it with communication. Okay?

當講到溝通時常會使用到它

So when we're talking about how we communicate, we usually use "by".

所以當我們講到我們如何溝通，通常會用 "by"

We also use "by" a lot when we're talking about transportation.

當講到交通，我們也常用到 "by"

There are also a lot of other exceptions, but the main ones that I want you to know

還有好多了例外，但現在我想要你知道

for now is when we're talking about transportation and communication.

當我們講到交通和通訊的重要用法

So, for example: "I will contact you by email."

例如:「我會用email聯絡你」

"Email" is an example of a noun.

"Email" 是一個名詞

Okay? So this is not a verb.

不是動詞

In this case this is a noun.

在這裡是名詞

"I will contact you by email."

「我會用email聯絡你」

And email is a form of communication.

email 是一種通訊的形式

We can change this to: "I will contact you by phone.", "I will contact you by Messenger.",

我們可以改成:「我會用電話聯絡你」「我會用 Messenger聯絡你」

"I will contact you by pigeon."

「我會用飛鴿傳書連絡你」

That would never happen, but just an example of what I mean by communication.

那永遠不會發生的，這只是一個通訊方式的舉例

"I will message you by text."

「我會用簡訊連絡你」

Okay? So, again, these are communicated-based.

所以這些都是關於通訊的

Then we use "by" for transportation when we're talking about nouns.

當我們講到名詞，交通我們就用 "by"

So, what are some examples of nouns for transportation?

那交通的名詞有哪些例子呢?

We have buses, subways, bikes, boats, airplanes, ferries.

像是公車、地鐵、腳踏車、船、飛機、渡船

Okay?

OK？

These...

這些...

Motorcycle, taxi, Uber.

摩托車、計程車、Uber

These are all forms of transportation and they're all nouns.

這些都是各種交通運輸工具，它們都是名詞

So we can use "by" when we're talking about these nouns.

所以當我們講到這些名詞，我們就用 "by"

"I will go by bus.",

「我會搭公車去」

"I came by car."

「我會搭汽車去」

You'll also notice something.

你可能也注意到了

When we use "by" and we're using a noun, we don't usually have the article there.

當我們用 "by" 時，後面加的是名詞，通常不會加冠詞

So I don't say: "I will go by a bus." or "I came by a car."

我不會說：「我搭一台公車去」或是「我搭一輛車去」

It's usually without any article.

通常都不會有冠詞

"I will go by bus."

「我會搭公車去」

So there's no "the", no "a" here.

這裡沒有 "the"，也沒有 "a"

"I will go by subway.", "I will go by airplane.", "I will go by bike."

「我會搭地鐵去」「我會搭飛機去」「我會騎腳踏車去」

Okay?

OK？

So, again, we often use "by" with nouns when we're talking about communication or transportation,

所以當我們講到溝通或是交通運輸，我們通常會用 "by" 加上名詞

and then there are some other times we talk about them, various exceptions also, but this

還有其他的時機我們會談到他們，以及各種例外

is the main rule.

但這是主要的規則

So now let's look at "how".

現在我們來看 "how"

I mean not "how", "with".

不是 "how" 啦，是 "with"

Let's look at "with".

我們來看 "with"

Okay, so now let's talk about "with".

現在來談談 "with"

So just like "by", "with" answers the same question: How do you do something?

就像 "by" 一樣，"with" 用來回答同一種問句：你如何做某件事？

Okay? So the question is: How?

OK？ 就是 how 問句

So I have here some examples.

這裡有些例子

How do Italians talk?

義大利人如何溝通？

Well, you know, they talk in different ways, but: "Italians talk with their hands."

他們有不同的溝通方式，舉例「義大利人用手溝通」

for example.

舉例說明

How do you point?

你怎麼指？

"I point with my fingers."

「我用手指」

Okay.

OK

So, these are some examples with "with".

這些是 "with" 的例子

So when we were talking about "by", we looked at "by" followed by a verb and followed by nouns,

所以當我們談到 "by"，我們會看到 "by" 後面是動詞，和名詞

and we talked about how the nouns usually have to do with communication or transportation.

然後我們談到通訊或是交通運輸時名詞的用法

With "with" we use it usually with a noun.

"with" 通常都加名詞

So, again, a noun is a person, place, or thing, like "hands" is a noun, "fingers" is a noun.

再講一次，名詞是人、地或物，像是「手」是名詞，「手指」是名詞

And we usually use "with"...

我們通常還會用到 "with"

And again I'm saying usually because there's a lot of other cases we use it,

我說通常是因為有很多其他用法

but this is the main rule.

但這是主要規則

We use "with" with body parts, with...

我們用 "with" 加上身體部位，加上...

When we're talking about tools or different instruments.

或是當我們講到工具或是不同的儀器時

Okay?

OK？

So, for example: "Italians talk with their hands."

舉例：「義大利人用手溝通」

So we have "with" here and we have a body part: "hands".

我們在這裡用 "with" ，身體部位是：「手」

Maybe, you know, people who are deaf often talk with their hands.

或許他們是用手語溝通的聾啞人

"I point with my fingers.", "I point with my toes."

「我用手指」「我用腳趾指」

Okay? So, again, we have another body part: "fingers".

OK？ 所以我們有另一個身體部位

"I think with my brain.", "I smile with my teeth and lips.", "I run with my legs."

「我用腦袋想」「我用牙齒和嘴唇微笑」「我用腳跑步」

Okay? So we use it for body parts.

OK？ 所以我們用它加上身體部位

We can also use it when we're talking about tools or instruments.

當我們談到工具或儀器時也會用到它

So when I'm talking about instruments I'm talking about things we use.

所以當我講到儀器，就是我正在用的東西

"I cleaned the floor..."

「我清潔地板」

How? How did you clean the floor?

怎麼做？ 你怎麼清潔地板？

"Well, I cleaned the floor with a mop."

「嗯，我用拖把清潔地板」

So a mop is like a tool or an instrument.

所以拖把就是一個工具或是儀器

You can say: "I cleaned the floor with a broom.", "I cleaned the floor with a dustpan.",

你可以說：「我用掃把清潔地板」「我用畚箕清潔地板」

"I ate dinner with a fork."

「我用叉子吃晚餐」

So this is answering: How did you eat dinner?

這就是「你怎麼吃晚餐」的回答

"I ate dinner with chopsticks.", "I ate dinner with a spoon."

「我用筷子出晚餐」「我用湯匙吃晚餐」

Okay?

OK？

How did you cook?

你如何烹飪？

"I cooked with a microwave.", "I cooked with a pot.", "I cooked with an oven."

「我用微波爐烹飪」「我用鍋子烹飪」「我用烤箱烹飪」

You know: How did you camp?

你怎麼露營？

"I camped with a tent."

「我用帳篷露營」

So we use this a lot of the times when we're talking about body parts, tools, or instruments;

所以當我們講到身體部位、工具或是儀器，我們常常用到它

things that help you do things.

幫助你做事的東西

Okay, so we've covered a lot of ground here.

OK，所以我們已經知道了不少基本規則

We've covered "by" with verbs, we've covered "by" with nouns, and we've covered "with" with nouns.

我們已經知道 "by" 加動詞和名詞，"with" 加名詞

So I want to invite you to come check out our website at www.engvid.com.

所以我想邀請你到我們的網站www.engvid.com.

There, you can actually do a quiz to practice everything you learned in this video.

你可以在那做測驗，練習你在這部影片中學到的所有東西

Okay?

OK？

You know, there's a lot of information here so I really hope you practice these things.

這裡有好多資訊，所以我很希望你可以練習這些東西

I also want to invite you to subscribe to my YouTube channel.

我也邀請你訂閱我在youtube的頻道

There, you can find a lot of other resources about grammar, pronunciation, conversation, listening,

你可以在那找到許多關於文法、發音、對話、聽力的資源

and all things English.

和所有關於英文的影片

So until next time, thank you for watching and take care.

我們下次見，謝謝觀賞，保重