字幕列表 影片播放
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Hello.
哈囉
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My name is Emma, and in today's video I am going to answer your questions on
我叫 Emma,今天在影片中我要回答你們的問題
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what is the difference between "by" and "with"?
"by" 和 "with" 有甚麼不同?
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Many students make mistakes with "by" and "with",
許多學生會犯 "by" 和 "with" 的錯誤
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so in today's lesson I'm hoping to help you with this so you won't make so many mistakes
所以今天課程裡我希望可以幫助你讓你不再犯那麼多錯誤
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and you'll understand what are the differences between these two words.
然後你會了解這兩個字的不同之處
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Okay, so to start with I have here some questions.
OK,開始前我這裡有些問題
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I want you to think: Which ones are correct and which ones are not correct?
希望你想想看:哪些是對的,哪些是錯的?
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I also want you to think which sentences...
還有哪一個句子?
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Why are they correct?
為甚麼它們是對的?
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Okay?
好嗎?
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So, why are they correct and why are they incorrect?
為何是對的,又為何是錯的?
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So my first sentence: "I learn English by watching engVid."
第一個句子:" I learn English by watching engVid."
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Compare this to: "I learn English with watching engVid."
對照:" I learn English with watching engVid."
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Which one do you think is the correct form?
你想哪一個是對的形式呢?
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Do we use "by" or do we use "with"?
我們是用 "by" 還是 "with"?
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Okay.
OK
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If you said: "I learn English by watching engVid." you are correct.
如果你說:" I learn English by watching engVid." 你就答對了
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Okay? And I will explain why in the next part of this video.
OK? 待會我會在影片中講解為什麼
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So: "I learn English with watching engVid."
" I learn English with watching engVid."
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No, we don't use that.
這句是錯的,我們不會這樣用
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Okay, so what about the next two?
OK,再來第二題
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"I write with a pen.", "I write by a pen."
" I write with a pen.", " I write by a pen."
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Which one do you think is the correct sentence, and which one is incorrect and why?
你覺得哪個是對的,哪個是錯的,為甚麼呢?
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Okay, if you said: "I write with a pen." you are correct.
OK,如果你選 " I write with a pen." 你就答對了
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In this case this is the correct one.
這選項是對的
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And: "I write by a pen." this is-enh-incorrect.
" I write by a pen." 這是錯的
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So, before we talk about some of the differences, let's talk about the similarities.
所以,在我們它們的不同之處前,來談談他們的共同點
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How are "by" and "with" the same?
"by" 和 "with" 哪裡相同呢?
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Well, they both answer the question: How?
那就是它們都是用來回答 how 的問句
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Okay? So they're both the answer to the question: How?
它們都是用來回答 how 的問句
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How do you learn English?
你如何學英文?
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I learn English by watching engVid.
我看engVid學英文
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I learn English by reading my dictionary every night.
我每天晚上看字典學英文
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That's probably not a good idea, but I learn English by talking to people.
這或許不是個好方法,但我跟人交談學英文
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Okay? So that's answering how you do something.
就是 how 問句的應答
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Similarly with "with", it also answers the question: How?
"with" 也是用來回答 how 問句
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How do you write?
你要如何書寫?
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Well, I write with a pen.
我用筆書寫
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How do you eat dinner?
你怎麼吃晚餐?
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I eat dinner with a fork. Okay?
我用叉子吃晚餐
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Or I eat dinner with chopsticks.
或是我用筷子吃晚餐
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So they both answer the same question: How?
所以它們都是用來回答同一種問題:how
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But they are a little bit different, so let's look at these differences now.
但它們也有一點不同的地方,現在讓我們來看看它們的不同之處吧
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Okay, so let's look at some example sentences with "by".
OK,這些是 "by" 的例句
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"I turn on the computer by pushing the on button."
「我按開啟鈕來開電腦」
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Okay? So this is, again, answering the question: How?
這又是在回答 how 的問句
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How do you turn on the computer?
你要怎麼開電腦?
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Well, I turn on the computer by pushing the on button.
「我按下開啟鈕來開電腦」
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I want you to take a moment to look at this sentence.
請你花點時間看看這個句子
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What comes after "by"?
"by" 後面有甚麼?
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We have here "pushing".
這裡加了 "pushing"
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"Pushing" is a verb. Okay?
"pushing" 是個動詞
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So I'm just going to underline this.
我就在它下面畫底線
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So we often use...
所以我們常用...
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After "by" we often have a verb when we're explaining how something is done.
當我們再解釋某是如何完成時,在 "by" 後面常有個動詞
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Let's look at another example.
再來看看另一個例子
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"I keep healthy by exercising."
「我運動來維持健康」
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So, again, after "by" you'll notice we have a verb: "exercise". Okay?
在 "by" 後面,你又會注意到有個動詞 "exercise"
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In this case it's "exercising".
在這邊是 "exercising"
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So, one of the first things to notice is after "by" we often have a verb.
所以其中一個注意到的就是 "by" 後面有個動詞
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I have here: "by verb", but that's not all.
我這邊寫了 "by verb",但還沒完
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If you look at the verb, what form is the verb in?
你看這個動詞是什麼形式的?
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Well, take a moment.
等等
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What do "pushing" and "exercising" have in common?
"pushing" 和 "exercising" 有甚麼共同點?
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They both end in "ing", so I'm going to write here: "ing".
它們結尾都是 "ing",所以我在這寫了 "ing"
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Okay?
OK?
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So we use "by", after "by" comes a verb, and then comes "ing".
所以當我們用 "by",後面加一個動詞,然後 "ing"
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You know: How do you keep clean?
你要如何保持乾淨?
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I keep clean by showering.
我洗澡來保持乾淨
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How do you study?
你如何學習?
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I study by...
我透過...來學習
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Well, not hanging out with my friends, that would be terrible for studying.
嗯,不是跟朋友出去玩,這對學習沒有幫助
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I study by reading over my notes.
我讀遍我的筆記來學習
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Okay? So after "by" we have the verb and "ing".
OK?所以 "by" 後面是加動詞 "ing"
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So let's do one together.
讓我們一起做一題看看
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"I learned karate (or karate) by _________ YouTube."
"I learned karate (or karate) by _________ YouTube."
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What do you think the verb would be?
你覺得動詞是什麼呢?
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We could say: "by watch".
我們可能會說:"by watch"
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Is that right? "...by watch YouTube"?
這樣是對的嗎?... "...by watch YouTube"?
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No, we need the "ing", perfect.
不對,我們需要加 "ing",非常好
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"I learned karate by watching YouTube."
"I learned karate by watching YouTube."
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Okay? So, again, this is very useful because any time you're explaining how,
這非常實用,因為任何時候當你要解釋如何做某件事時
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if you have a verb and "by" then you can explain how you do something.
你有個動詞和 "by" 就可以說明怎麼做了
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Okay, now let's look at some of...
現在讓我們再來看一些...
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Some more differences between "with" and "by".
更多 "with" 和 "by" 的不同之處
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So before I begin teaching you more about "by" and "with", I just want to say that
在我教你更多 "with" 和 "by" 的用法之前,我先聲明這些是普遍的規則
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these are the general rules, and there are always times in English when rules are broken
英文常常會打破規則
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or when there are exceptions.
或是有例外的時候
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Okay? And so these are the most basic of the rules with "by" and "with".
所以這些是 "with" 和 "by" 最基本的規則
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Okay, so now let's look at when we're talking about a noun.
我們再來看當講到名詞時的用法
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We've just talked about using "by" with a verb ending in "ing" to answer how to do something.
我們剛說到 "by" 後面加動詞 "ing" 以解釋如何做某件事
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Well, we can also talk about how...
我們也可以談怎麼做...
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When...
什麼時候...
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By using a noun.
使用名詞來說明如何做某件事
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So, to remind you what a noun is, it's usually a person, a place, a thing, or maybe an idea.
這是提醒你名詞通常是一個人、地點、事物、或是一個想法
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So let's look at some examples.
來看看幾個例子
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Oh, before we get to some examples, one of the major rules when we come to "by" is we
喔在看例子之前,我們提到 "by",其中一個重要的規則就是
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often use it with communication. Okay?
當講到溝通時常會使用到它
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So when we're talking about how we communicate, we usually use "by".
所以當我們講到我們如何溝通,通常會用 "by"
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We also use "by" a lot when we're talking about transportation.
當講到交通,我們也常用到 "by"
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There are also a lot of other exceptions, but the main ones that I want you to know
還有好多了例外,但現在我想要你知道
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for now is when we're talking about transportation and communication.
當我們講到交通和通訊的重要用法
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So, for example: "I will contact you by email."
例如:「我會用email聯絡你」
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"Email" is an example of a noun.
"Email" 是一個名詞
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Okay? So this is not a verb.
不是動詞
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In this case this is a noun.
在這裡是名詞
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"I will contact you by email."
「我會用email聯絡你」
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And email is a form of communication.
email 是一種通訊的形式
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We can change this to: "I will contact you by phone.", "I will contact you by Messenger.",
我們可以改成:「我會用電話聯絡你」「我會用 Messenger聯絡你」
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"I will contact you by pigeon."
「我會用飛鴿傳書連絡你」
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That would never happen, but just an example of what I mean by communication.
那永遠不會發生的,這只是一個通訊方式的舉例
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"I will message you by text."
「我會用簡訊連絡你」
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Okay? So, again, these are communicated-based.
所以這些都是關於通訊的
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Then we use "by" for transportation when we're talking about nouns.
當我們講到名詞,交通我們就用 "by"
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So, what are some examples of nouns for transportation?
那交通的名詞有哪些例子呢?
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We have buses, subways, bikes, boats, airplanes, ferries.
像是公車、地鐵、腳踏車、船、飛機、渡船
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Okay?
OK?
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These...
這些...
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Motorcycle, taxi, Uber.
摩托車、計程車、Uber
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These are all forms of transportation and they're all nouns.
這些都是各種交通運輸工具,它們都是名詞
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So we can use "by" when we're talking about these nouns.
所以當我們講到這些名詞,我們就用 "by"
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"I will go by bus.",
「我會搭公車去」
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"I came by car."
「我會搭汽車去」
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You'll also notice something.
你可能也注意到了
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When we use "by" and we're using a noun, we don't usually have the article there.
當我們用 "by" 時,後面加的是名詞,通常不會加冠詞
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So I don't say: "I will go by a bus." or "I came by a car."
我不會說:「我搭一台公車去」或是「我搭一輛車去」
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It's usually without any article.
通常都不會有冠詞
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"I will go by bus."
「我會搭公車去」
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So there's no "the", no "a" here.
這裡沒有 "the",也沒有 "a"
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"I will go by subway.", "I will go by airplane.", "I will go by bike."
「我會搭地鐵去」「我會搭飛機去」「我會騎腳踏車去」
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Okay?
OK?
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So, again, we often use "by" with nouns when we're talking about communication or transportation,
所以當我們講到溝通或是交通運輸,我們通常會用 "by" 加上名詞
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and then there are some other times we talk about them, various exceptions also, but this
還有其他的時機我們會談到他們,以及各種例外
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is the main rule.
但這是主要的規則
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So now let's look at "how".
現在我們來看 "how"
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I mean not "how", "with".
不是 "how" 啦,是 "with"
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Let's look at "with".
我們來看 "with"
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Okay, so now let's talk about "with".
現在來談談 "with"
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So just like "by", "with" answers the same question: How do you do something?
就像 "by" 一樣,"with" 用來回答同一種問句:你如何做某件事?
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Okay? So the question is: How?
OK? 就是 how 問句
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So I have here some examples.
這裡有些例子
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How do Italians talk?
義大利人如何溝通?
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Well, you know, they talk in different ways, but: "Italians talk with their hands."
他們有不同的溝通方式,舉例「義大利人用手溝通」
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for example.
舉例說明
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How do you point?
你怎麼指?
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"I point with my fingers."
「我用手指」
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Okay.
OK
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So, these are some examples with "with".
這些是 "with" 的例子
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So when we were talking about "by", we looked at "by" followed by a verb and followed by nouns,
所以當我們談到 "by",我們會看到 "by" 後面是動詞,和名詞
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and we talked about how the nouns usually have to do with communication or transportation.
然後我們談到通訊或是交通運輸時名詞的用法
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With "with" we use it usually with a noun.
"with" 通常都加名詞
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So, again, a noun is a person, place, or thing, like "hands" is a noun, "fingers" is a noun.
再講一次,名詞是人、地或物,像是「手」是名詞,「手指」是名詞
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And we usually use "with"...
我們通常還會用到 "with"
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And again I'm saying usually because there's a lot of other cases we use it,
我說通常是因為有很多其他用法
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but this is the main rule.
但這是主要規則
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We use "with" with body parts, with...
我們用 "with" 加上身體部位,加上...
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When we're talking about tools or different instruments.
或是當我們講到工具或是不同的儀器時
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Okay?
OK?
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So, for example: "Italians talk with their hands."
舉例:「義大利人用手溝通」
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So we have "with" here and we have a body part: "hands".
我們在這裡用 "with" ,身體部位是:「手」
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Maybe, you know, people who are deaf often talk with their hands.
或許他們是用手語溝通的聾啞人
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"I point with my fingers.", "I point with my toes."
「我用手指」「我用腳趾指」
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Okay? So, again, we have another body part: "fingers".
OK? 所以我們有另一個身體部位
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"I think with my brain.", "I smile with my teeth and lips.", "I run with my legs."
「我用腦袋想」「我用牙齒和嘴唇微笑」「我用腳跑步」
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Okay? So we use it for body parts.
OK? 所以我們用它加上身體部位
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We can also use it when we're talking about tools or instruments.
當我們談到工具或儀器時也會用到它
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So when I'm talking about instruments I'm talking about things we use.
所以當我講到儀器,就是我正在用的東西
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"I cleaned the floor..."
「我清潔地板」
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How? How did you clean the floor?
怎麼做? 你怎麼清潔地板?
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"Well, I cleaned the floor with a mop."
「嗯,我用拖把清潔地板」
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So a mop is like a tool or an instrument.
所以拖把就是一個工具或是儀器
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You can say: "I cleaned the floor with a broom.", "I cleaned the floor with a dustpan.",
你可以說:「我用掃把清潔地板」「我用畚箕清潔地板」
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"I ate dinner with a fork."
「我用叉子吃晚餐」
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So this is answering: How did you eat dinner?
這就是「你怎麼吃晚餐」的回答
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"I ate dinner with chopsticks.", "I ate dinner with a spoon."
「我用筷子出晚餐」「我用湯匙吃晚餐」
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Okay?
OK?
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How did you cook?
你如何烹飪?
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"I cooked with a microwave.", "I cooked with a pot.", "I cooked with an oven."
「我用微波爐烹飪」「我用鍋子烹飪」「我用烤箱烹飪」
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You know: How did you camp?
你怎麼露營?
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"I camped with a tent."
「我用帳篷露營」
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So we use this a lot of the times when we're talking about body parts, tools, or instruments;
所以當我們講到身體部位、工具或是儀器,我們常常用到它
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things that help you do things.
幫助你做事的東西
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Okay, so we've covered a lot of ground here.
OK,所以我們已經知道了不少基本規則
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We've covered "by" with verbs, we've covered "by" with nouns, and we've covered "with" with nouns.
我們已經知道 "by" 加動詞和名詞,"with" 加名詞
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So I want to invite you to come check out our website at www.engvid.com.
所以我想邀請你到我們的網站www.engvid.com.
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There, you can actually do a quiz to practice everything you learned in this video.
你可以在那做測驗,練習你在這部影片中學到的所有東西
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Okay?
OK?
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You know, there's a lot of information here so I really hope you practice these things.
這裡有好多資訊,所以我很希望你可以練習這些東西
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I also want to invite you to subscribe to my YouTube channel.
我也邀請你訂閱我在youtube的頻道
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There, you can find a lot of other resources about grammar, pronunciation, conversation, listening,
你可以在那找到許多關於文法、發音、對話、聽力的資源
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and all things English.
和所有關於英文的影片
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So until next time, thank you for watching and take care.
我們下次見,謝謝觀賞,保重