You're literally feeling things from your gut and also other organs.

你的腸子和內臟是真的有知覺能力的。

Yeah, it's pretty nifty.

聽起來蠻奇妙的吧？

Hey, everyone. Amy with you on DNews today.

大家好，我是 Amy，歡迎收看今天的 DNews。

And I've got a feeling you're gonna like this episode and odds are my gut is right on that.

我覺得你會喜歡今天這集的節目內容，而我的直覺可能是對的喔。

So, let's start with the gut part of the whole gut feeling thing.

我們先來討論「腸道的感覺」中，「腸道」這個部分。

It's kinda gross to think about, but our bodies are teeming with bacteria.

想起來有點噁心，但我們的體內充滿了細菌。

This is the microbiome you've probably heard about.

這就是你可能聽過的微生物群系。

Most of those bacteria live in the gastrointestinal tract, what we colloquially refer to as the gut.

那些細菌大多住在消化道裡，也就是我們統稱的「腸道」。

These bacteria regulate digestion and metabolism, extract vitamins and nutrients from food, and program the body's immune system.

這些細菌調節消化與新陳代謝、從食物中汲取維生素與營養，並且讓身體的免疫系統正常運作。

But there's so much more going on.

不僅止於此。

This complex bacterial ecosystem has prompted the gut to evolve a complex neural network called the enteric nervous system,

這複雜的細菌生態系統促使腸道發展出一個複雜的神經網絡——腸神經系統。

which is so ridiculously sophisticated it's sometimes called the second brain.

這系統精密到它有時候被稱為「第二大腦」。

This network of over 100 million neurons can even function when it loses connection to the brain.

這個擁有超過一億個神經元網絡在失去與大腦連結時仍可運作。

And the gut-brain connection goes both ways.

而這個腸腦連結是雙向的。

Gut bacteria produce neurochemicals that regulate basic physiological and mental processes, influencing things like memory and mood.

腸道細菌生產能調節基本生理與心智運作的神經化合物，影響到記憶跟情緒等等。

And the brain affects the microbiome.

而大腦則影響微生物群系。

Psychological stress can suppress certain helpful bacteria, making you more likely to get sick.

心理壓力會壓抑特定的益菌，使你更容易生病。

This two-way communication is part of a larger network of inter-body talk.

這雙向溝通屬於規模更大的「體內交流」系統的一部分。

The brain connecting to the gut through neural networks and also your ability to recognize this connection is an example of something called interoception.

大腦透過神經系統連接腸道以及人體辨識這種連結的能力都是內感受的表現。

This is a sense of self identity beyond knowing what self-help books call the "real you."

這種自我同體感比心理自助書中的「真實自我」來得複雜。

It's the sensing of physiological signals that originate within the body and carry information to the brain.

內感受是能察覺源自體內的生理訊號並且將訊息傳輸到大腦的能力。

Things like body temperature, breathlessness, and heart rate that ultimately give you an indication of states like hunger, thirst, pain, and anxiety.

體溫、呼吸短促與心跳是飢餓、口渴、疼痛以及緊張的跡象。

Whether we're consciously aware that our body is sending these signals, they happen particularly when we're making risky decisions.

無論我們是否意識到我們的身體在傳輸這些訊息，它們尤其會發生在我們做高風險決定時。

They send information to the brain and affect the way we make decisions so what you think of as a gut feeling is actually you responding to those subtle cues.

我們的身體會在我們做決定時傳輸訊息給大腦，所以你以為的直覺其實是身體對這些微小信號的反應。

A recent study from the University of Cambridge took interoception into the real world and looked at its role in successful financial trading,

劍橋大學近期在真實世界中做了一個關於內感受的實驗，研究人員在實驗中觀察了內感受在成功的金融交易中所扮演的角色。

a career notorious for acting on gut instincts.

金融交易是個很需要憑直覺行動的行業。

The researchers measured 18 male traders' abilities to detect subtle changes in their physiological state by heartbeat detection test⁠—

研究員用心跳偵測測驗來測量 18 位男性交易員感受自己生理狀態的微小變化的能力，

how well they could count their own resting heart rate without using a pulse point.

測驗他們在不按壓脈搏點的情況下計算靜止心率的能力。

Admittedly, this is a small sample size, but these 18 men were better able to count their heart rate than non-traders.

實驗的樣本數的確很小，但這 18 位男性計算心率的能力勝於非交易員。

And within the group, those with a higher score were also better traders who survived longer in the financial world, earning more money than their less body-aware peers.

在受試者中，得分較高的都是較優的交易員，在金融界生存較久，收入也比心率反應小的同儕高。

So, in this case, interoceptive ability does correlate to good decisions in a risky environment, but correlation isn't causation.

所以在這個情況，內感受能力的確與在高風險環境裡做出好決定的能力呈正相關，但相關性不是因果關係。

Just because you can pretty accurately measure your heart rate doesn't mean you will make millions trading.

能精確地計算心率不代表你就能成為百萬交易員。

Other interoceptive studies have found people's ability to detect their heart rate increases during times of stress.

其他內感受相關研究顯示人在壓力大時，偵測自己心率的能力會提升。

So the correlation from traders could just be an awareness honed from years in the industry.

所以上述的相關性或許只是交易員在行業裡打滾多年培養的察覺能力。

But it's also the case that professionals practiced in the field can manage their stress better.

但這也有可能是因為業界資深人士的壓力管理能力較佳。

So traders might not be experiencing the stress reaction of an increased heart rate; or it could be something totally different.

所以交易員也許不會感受到壓力大時所造成的心率加速，原因又或者與這回事完全無關。

Maybe successful traders of money use their downtime to work out, which could help them develop keener sense of body awareness.

也許成功的金融交易員會在非上班時間健身，幫助他們發展較敏銳的身體察覺能力。

In any case, the results do show a link between better body awareness to interoceptive cues and good decisions in risky environments.

無論如何，研究結果確實顯示身體對內感受信號的察覺能力與在高風險環境裡做出好決定有相關性。

So, maybe there's something to be said for trusting your gut.

所以也許「相信直覺」真的有它的道理。

And speaking of guts, our guts do a lot more for us than we think.

說到腸道，它們其實為我們做的比想像中還多。

Wanna know more?

想多了解一點嗎？

Trace has a video all about how scientists can actually program our gut bacteria to fight harmful infections.

Trace 的這部影片談論科學家如何改造腸道細菌，讓腸道細菌幫助人體打擊有害的感染。

Check it out here.

請點擊連結觀看。

Medical researchers took it and reprogrammed the bacteria to fight P. aeruginosa.

醫學研究員將腸道菌重新設計以打擊綠膿桿菌。

This new synthetic E.coli is like a hunting dog tracking down P. aeruginosa and attacking its biofilms with enzymes in antimicrobial peptide. Boom! Double agent.

這新型人造大腸桿菌會像獵狗一樣追蹤綠膿桿菌，然後用抗微生物胜肽的酵素來攻擊它的生物薄膜。嘣！雙重間諜！

So how many of you guys tend to go with your gut? Let us know in the comments below.

那麼，你們有誰會常常憑直覺行事？在下方留言告訴我們。

Don't forget to like this video and subscribe so you never miss an episode of DNews.

記得按讚並訂閱，就不會錯過任何一期的 DNews 了。