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For most people when they drink alcohol
每當人們喝酒
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it can make them feel more confident and comfortable
大多數的人總會感到有自信與更放鬆
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But for me, drinking makes me feel less confident and uncomfortable
但是對我來說,喝酒完全不是這麼一回事
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That's because thanks to my DNA...
這都要歸功於我的 DNA
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alcohol makes my skin turn red
酒精會讓我臉紅
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It's called the Asian Flush
這種現象被稱為「東方潮紅」
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And it affects about 36% of North East Asians with higher rates among Asian Americans.
有大約 36% 的東北亞洲人深受其苦,而這現象在亞裔美國人中更常見
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I guess we should probably show you what it looks like
我想我直接來示範給你們看好了
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"For Science!"
敬實驗精神!
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"If I know that I'm gonna need to take pictures that I'll drink less until these pictures are over
「每當我得拍照時我一定會喝比較少的酒
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and then I'll go back to normal pace"
直到拍完照之後我再回到我正常的喝酒速度」
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People tend to assume that a red face means that we're drunk
人們總認為當你喝酒臉紅就代表你醉了
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but that's a myth
但是這一點事實根據都沒有
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These are completely separate processes
臉紅與酒醉其實沒有什麼關聯
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Facial flushing whether from embarrassment, or exercise, or alcohol...
不論臉紅是因著尷尬、運動或是酒精
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It happens when the blood vessels under the surface of the skin dilate.
它是因為我們肌膚下的血管擴張而造成的反應
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And in the case of Asian flush, this is part of an immune response
而「東方潮紅」則是免疫系統在作祟
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The body is detecting a threat
我們的身體感受到了威脅
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The threat isn't the alcohol itself
而這份威脅並非酒精本身
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but a substance that our livers produce while breaking down alcohol
而是來自於肝釋出了一種能夠分解酒精的物質
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"For me at least, the warmth starts in my chest and then it moves its way up."
「我會感受到一股暖流從我的胸口向上蔓延。」
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"My cheeks are warm, my ears are warm..."
「我的臉變熱了,我的耳朵也變熱了...」
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"It's weird. It's like my eyes are almost puffy"
「這種感覺很奇怪,像是我的眼睛會腫起來。」
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"Ahh I do feel like they got puffy..."
「啊!我也會感到雙眼腫脹...」
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When people drink ethanol, that's the chemical name for booze.
當人們攝取乙醇,這是酒精的化學學名
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The liver gets rid of it using two main enzymes.
肝會透過兩種「酶」來排掉酒精
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The first reacts with the ethanol molecule to produce a substance called acetaldehyde.
第一種酶會和乙醇分子產生化學反應,進而生成「乙醛」
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And the second quickly turns acetaldehyde into acetate, which is similar to vinegar and easy for the body to eliminate.
而第二種酶此時會快速地將乙醛變成乙酸酯,乙酸酯的功能和醋很相似,可以輕易地從人體排出
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It's that second enzyme that really screws things up for people with Asian flush.
而惹人厭的「東方潮紅」便是於第二種酶作用時伴隨而來的反應
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If you look inside our DNA
看看我們的 DNA
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you'll find that the gene providing the instructions for that enzyme
你會發現本該和第二種酶合作的基因
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was tweaked at some point in our history
在某段演化的進程中就這麼改變了
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And that gene mutation produces an inactive enzyme
而這基因在變種之後所生成的酶變得不活躍
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So when we drink our bodies accumulate acetaldehyde
所以當我們在喝酒時,我們身體裡所累積的乙醇
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at a level about 6 times higher than normal people
比般人的正常值還要高出六倍
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If acetaldehyde sounds familiar that maybe because it's similar to formaldehyde
你可能覺得乙醇似曾相識,那是因為他和甲醛一樣
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It's toxic
它有毒
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That's why it triggers the immune responds
這就是為什麼我們的免疫系統會產生反應
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And the red face is really the least of it
而臉紅其實還不算什麼
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After having that one beer
只不過是喝了一杯啤酒
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I didn't feel tipsy at all, but my heart rate doubled
儘管我一點都不覺得暈,我的心跳加速了
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My eyes were bloodshot, and within half hour I had a headache
我的眼睛脹紅,而不到一個小時我會頭痛
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Even worse, acetaldehyde can cause cancer
更慘的是,乙醛會導致癌症
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It's a problem because people can actually develop a tolerance to Asian flush
麻煩的是人們可以逐漸地適應東方潮紅所帶來的不適
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and that allows them to drink pretty heavily
而這也導致他們喝得更多
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Studies have shown that heavy drinking raises the risk of esophageal cancer for everyone
根據研究顯示,酗酒會提高罹患食道癌的風險
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but especially for people with Asian flush
尤其是有著「東方潮紅」的人
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So it's potentially problematic that alcohol consumption in Asia has been increasing
所以亞洲人喝酒比例的上升隱含著淺在的風險
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especially in China
特別是在中國
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So if you have an Asian flush, be careful
所以如果你有「東方潮紅」,你要小心
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Your body is freaking out for a reason
你的身體其實是在發出警訊
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And if you don't flush...just don't expect us to keep up with you
但是如果你沒有這個問題...那麽,別太常揪我們去喝酒
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And also...
還有啊...
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"You don't have to bring it up every time...like, yes I know that you're red..."
「你其實不需要每次都提到我喝酒會臉紅.......」
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"I know this, thanks, awesome..."
「我自己知道...謝啦...」