10) Who Built The Pyramids? Source:The Guardian.

第10個秘密：是誰建造了金字塔？資料來源：The Guardian

Despite the prevalent myth that the Pyramids were built by Israeli slaves,

儘管普遍都認為金字塔是由以色列奴隸建造而成的

Egyptologists have determined that the Pyramids were built by paid Egyptian laborers.

但，埃及古物學者們認為金字塔是由埃及勞工們所建造的

Evidence shows that around 20 - 30,000 laborers were recruited from poor families around Egypt

有個根據指出，大約有2到3萬來自埃及貧困家庭的勞工們

to complete the enormous construction over a period of 20 years.

一起完成這樣長達20年的龐大建設

Laborers were extremely respected for their work and fed like royalty. The work was incredibly

由於這個工作，勞工們收到高度的尊重，並且不愁吃飯。而這樣的工作是非常地

hard and dangerous, but those who died during the construction

艱困以及危險。但是，那些在建設中不幸死亡的勞工們

had the high honor of being buried near the sacred pyramids.

則尊榮地被埋在神聖的金字塔旁

9) Medicine. Source: BBC, The Lancet.

第九個秘密：藥。資料來源：BBC, The Lancet

The ancient Egyptians were renowned for their medical knowledge. So much so that rulers of other empires

古埃及人以醫學知識著名。甚至其他帝國的統治者們

would request that the pharaoh send their Egyptian physicians to treat their own ill loved ones.

會要求法老王派送他們的埃及醫生去治療他們生病的親人們

Despite Egyptian doctors having an extensive knowledge of the medicinal properties of the plants around them,

儘管埃及醫生們有著淵博的醫療知識，像是生活中所出現的植物藥性

cures for ailments still included a magical spell.

但是，在疾病醫治中，不外乎的還有一個神秘咒語

As well as herbal remedies, many other cures were based on ’sympathetic magic.’

除了藥草的醫療法之外，很多治療方式都會牽涉到「交感巫術」（超自然的感應，像是運用神靈或自然力來治療疾病）

For example, it was believed that a crushed up pig’s eye, used in a treatment,

像是他們相信在治療中，用一隻壓碎的豬眼

would transfer the power of sight into the patient’s eye.

可以把那豬眼的能量轉移到病患生病的眼睛中

8) Shape-Shifting Jesus. Source: Live Science

第八個秘密：變化莫測的耶穌。資料來源：Live Science

In 2013 an ancient Egyptian text was deciphered, re-telling the crucifixion of Jesus,

在2013年，在一件古埃及文本中提及再述到耶穌的受難

but with surprising plot twists.

但是，有個令人驚訝的變化

Dating back 1,200 years, the ancient text paints a markedly different picture of Pontius Pilate,

追朔回一千兩百多年前，這古代的文本中，有著一個非常不一樣的彼拉多畫作

the judge who ordered Jesus’ execution.

就是判耶穌處死的人

Instead of sharing his last supper with his 12 disciples, the text states that Jesus shared his last meal with Pontius Pilate,

文本描述不是耶穌與其他十二位門徒一起享用最後的晚餐，而是他與彼拉多的最後晚餐

who offered to sacrifice his own son in order to save Jesus’ life.

而彼拉多願意犧牲自己的兒子來救贖耶穌

Even more shocking are the allegations in the text that Jesus was a shape shifter, with

在文本中，甚至還有更多驚人的陳述，也就是耶穌擁有變化莫測的形體，有著

the ability to change from white to red or young to old.

從白色變到紅色或是年輕到年老的能力

7) Heb-Sed. Source: Mental Floss.

第七個秘密： 賽德祭（Heb sed）。資料來源：Mental Floss

After a pharaoh had ruled for 30 years, they took place in a strange ritual, known as Heb-Sed,

在法老掌權30年之後，他們舉行了奇特的祭典，也就是所謂的Heb-Sed

in order to prove that they still had the power and strength necessary to rule the kingdom.

為了證明他們仍有權勢地管理這個王國

The ceremony, which once initiated took place every three years until the pharaoh’s death,

這樣的慶典每三年舉行一次，一直到法老的辭世

saw them dressed in a short kilt, with a bull’s tail on their back,

他們會因此穿著一件短長裙，而在身上會配戴著公牛尾巴

as they were forced to run as fast as possible around a race track.

他們會被迫盡可能地繞著跑道越跑越快

In early practices of the ceremony, any pharaoh too unfit to complete the course was sacrificed

在慶典之前的練習，任何的法老不能完全勝任此任務而被犧牲

and replaced with a fitter successor.

以及被更有資格的繼承者給取代

6) White Pyramids. Source:Discovering Egypt.

第六個秘密：白色金字塔。資料來源：Discovering Egypt

When the Great pyramid of Giza was completed in 2560 BCE, it was plated with a smooth surface of polished,

當雄偉的吉薩金字塔在2560公元前完成時，它的外表餔著一層滑順閃亮的

white limestone, which gleamed in the sun’s light.

白石灰岩。在太陽光下的它，則閃閃發光

However, in 1301 CE, a massive earthquake hit Egypt and loosened many of the casting stones.

但是，在1301公元後，埃及發生一個強震，因而有許多的石頭鬆落了

The damage to the outer pyramids prompted rulers to reuse the stones to build mosques in Cairo.

金字塔外表所受的傷害，使得管理者們再次運用這些石頭在開羅建設幾座清真寺

As impressive as it still looks, what can be seen now of the Great Pyramid of Giza is

偉大的吉薩金字塔仍是令人讚嘆，但是，它

just its core structure.

只是基本的核心結構，沒有閃亮的石灰岩層

5) The Female Pharaoh. Source: Discovery Egypt

第五個秘密：女性法老王。資料來源：Discovery Egypt

One of the most successful pharaohs to rule Ancient Egypt was almost lost to history,

古埃及歷史中，一位最成功幾乎差點就被遺忘掉的法老王

until her story was uncovered on temple walls during the 19th century.

直到19世紀，在寺廟中的牆上發現了她的故事

Hatshepsut came to the throne of Ancient Egypt around 1478 BCE.

哈特謝普蘇特大約在1478公元前就任古埃及的王位

During her reign, Egypt enjoyed great peace and prosperity. Hatshepsut cultivated beneficial

在她統治期間，埃及人享受著和平以及富有的生活。哈特謝普蘇特規劃了便利的

trade routes and oversaw incredible construction projects throughout her kingdom.

貿易路線，同時她也監督著王國中的每個重大建設

However, 20 years after her death, her successors began a campaign of erasing Hatshepsut from history.

但是，在她死後的20年，她的繼承者開始舉辦活動試圖將哈特謝普蘇特的名字去除

Statues of her were destroyed and her name was scraped off the buildings constructed under her rule.

她的雕像被摧毀，另外在她監督下的建設中，她的名字則被擦去

4) Sunken Cities. Source: British Museum

第四個秘密：Sunken Cities。資料來源：British Museum

Thonis-Heracleion, one of the greatest cities of ancient Egypt, remained lost for 1,000 years,

索尼斯-希拉克莱奥，一個沉睡了近1000多年的古埃及大城市

until it was re-discovered underwater only 20 years ago.

一直到20年前，這個古城在海底下被發現

Thought to have been founded in 7 BCE, Thonis-Heracleion was a major trade center,

在7公元前，索尼斯-希拉克莱奥是一個主要的貿易中心

linking ancient Greece, Egypt, and the wider Mediterranean.

連接著古希臘、埃及、和廣大的地中海

Archaeologists excavating the site have found a host of perfectly preserved pillars of hieroglyphics,

考古學家挖掘這個區域時，發現很多刻有完整象形文字的柱子

as well as statues of Greek Gods and rulers depicted in the fashion of Egyptian pharaohs.

和很多像埃及法老雕像的希臘之神與制裁者

It is thought that the discovery of the lost city will transform our understanding of the

發現這樣的古城遺跡將會改變我們

deep connection between the ancient civilizations.

對古代文明的了解

3) Masturbation Rituals. Source: Sex and Society.

第三個秘密：自慰儀式。資料來源：Sex and Society

In Ancient Egyptian mythology, the God Atum created the universe by masturbating into the vast nothingness,

在古埃及神話中，神話之神亞圖姆自慰到虛無的境界下創造了宇宙

meanwhile the other Gods spontaneously grew out of Atum’s ejaculate.

另一方面，其他神是由亞圖姆的精液創造出的

The ebb and flow of the river Nile was also attributed to Atum’s semen.

尼羅河的退潮與漲潮也歸咎於亞圖姆的精液

This concept inspired the annual Pharaoh ceremony, in which, as God’s representative on earth,

這樣的想法造就了每一年的法老王儀式，神來世的再現

the Pharaoh had to recreate the creation myth.

法老王必須要再現這樣的神話

In front of a crowd, the Pharaoh would masturbate and ejaculate into the river Nile,

在眾人前面，法老王會自慰以及射出精液到尼羅河之中

in order to ensure a year of bountiful harvest.

以確保每一年的豐收

2) Biblical Plagues. Source: Telegraph.

第二個秘密：聖經的磨難。資料來源：Source Telegraph

Scientists have found evidence that the Biblical plagues that ruined Ancient Egypt in the Old Testament were

在舊約聖經中，科學家們發現，古埃及的毀滅

due to global warming and a volcanic eruption.

是因為全球暖化以及火山爆發

The reported plague of the Nile, which turned the river’s water into blood 3,000 years ago,

在3000年前，歷史上的尼羅河災難，造成河水轉變成血水

is hypothesized to have been caused by the arrival of bacterium, known as Burgundy Blood algae,

推測是因為遭受到細菌的入侵，就是著名的血海藻

which stains water red.

把河水染成紅色

The scientists claim that the algae attracted frogs, lice, and flies, which led to

這些科學家宣稱，這樣的血海藻會吸引青蛙、蝨子、和蒼蠅，會導致

diseased livestock and boils.

家畜們生病，以及癤(面皰)疾病

Furthermore, there is evidence that the Santorini volcano, which erupted 600km away, threw ash

此外，也指出聖托里尼火山爆發可高達600公里，把灰燼

into the air as far as Egypt, which would have blocked out the sun and

盡可能地吹到高高的埃及天空中，導致太陽因而被遮蔽住

plunged Egypt into darkness.

以及讓埃及陷入黑暗中

1) Incest. Source: Explaining Incest by Brent D. Shaw. Scientific American.

第一個秘密：亂倫。資料來源：Explaining Incest by Brent D. Shaw. Scientific American

In Ancient Egyptian mythology, many deities were married to their siblings.

在古埃及神話中，許多神會與近親們結婚

Although there is little evidence to suggest that common Egyptians married their siblings,

雖然極少證據指出古埃及的平民會與近親結婚

incest was rife for generations of the royal family. Due to siblings marrying each other,

但是，亂倫在代代貴族中是非常常見的。由於近親們的結婚

many members of the royal family, such as Tutankhamun, suffered from a range of malformations, infections, and genetic diseases.

許多貴族們，像是圖坦卡門就承受著一連串的疾病，像是畸形、感染、以及基因上病痛

He suffered from weak bones and was unable to walk without help, contributing to his early death at age 19.

他患有骨質疏鬆病，需要有人攙扶才可以行走。以至於他僅在19歲就死亡

Hey, guys. If you enjoy this video, wanna toward our new brand channel, Dave versus John, this week. There will be a flight talk.

嘿！你們好阿！如果你們喜歡這個影片，想再看我們這星期的新頻道「Dave和John的辯論」的話

We will be talking about a man who saved a billion lives, Italian mutants with super blood, and

我們將會談論到一位救了10億人的男人（Norman Borlaug：奇蹟麥）、有著極好突變血液的義大利人們（位於Limone Sul Garda城鎮）、以及

red disease that makes you sweat blood. You wanna check that out. Click here. And, we will see you next time. Thanks.

讓你流出血汗的紅病（壓力以及焦慮造成）。如果你們想看看那影片的話，就按這連結。然後，我們下次再見！謝謝你們收看！