People even say that anymore?

現在還有人這樣說的嗎?

No.

沒有

They do not.

沒有人這樣說了

Salty.

鹹鹹 der

So gross.

夭壽噁爛

Hey there sweaters, Trace and Jackie here for DNews!

各位「汗味戰士」大家好，我是崔絲，旁邊的是姬奇來為各位送上DNews!

Welcome Jackie!

歡迎歡迎！

Thanks!

感恩!

Deodorant, the bane of the absent-minded person's existence.

「忘了抹成千古恨，想起來已汗滿身」

How many times have you left the house and forgotten to put on deodorant?

各位看倌們，是不是很常出了門之後才發自己忘記抹除臭劑呀?

All good?

還好嗎？

Gross.

超噁爛的啦

The antiperspirant-deodorant market topped 18 billion dollars last year.

去年，止汗除臭劑的市場吸金吸了180億美金

That's a lot of pits.

表示有超多胳肢窩喔！

Including yours.

還包括你的喔！

But do you really know what you're slathering on your skin?

可是各位看倌們真的了解自己擦在身上的東西是什麼碗糕嗎?

The first deodorant was patented in 1888 with a goal to help uptight Victorians stop worrying about their body odor.

世界上第一個除臭劑是在1888年申請專利的，它是為了幫助拘謹的維多利亞時期的人別再擔心他們的體味。

But the odor wasn't really their fault.

殊不知，有體味根本不是我們的錯

It was BACTERIA!.

罪魁禍首其實是細菌！

Let me back up though.

這可不是口說無憑喔！

On your skin, you have between two and five million sweat glands; they come in two flavors: eccrine and apocrine.

在我們皮膚上有大概2百萬到5百萬條汗腺，而這些汗腺又分成2種類：小汗腺以及大汗腺

Sweat is mostly water, but not entirely.

汗水的成分大多是水分，可是除了水之外還有其他東西

The eccrine glands excrete primarily H2O, but the apocrine glands (located on your scalp, in your crotch, and under your arms) put out a thicker fluid with fatty acids, urea and ammonia (protein byproducts).

小汗腺主要分泌水分; 而另一方面，大汗腺 （主要分佈在頭皮，胯下，還有腋下）則是分泌帶有脂肪酸的濃稠液體尿液還有氨（氨是蛋白質副產物）

Once the sweat is on your skin, bacteria go to town on it,

一旦汗水出現在皮膚上的時候，就是細菌大軍要大肆肆虐的時候了; 細菌在這個時候會把（皮膚上）所有的蛋白質都吞噬，然後「嗯」出帶有臭味的化學物質像是「反式-3-甲基-2-己烯酸」- 而它，就是我們人會有異味的罪魁禍首

chomping and eating up all those proteins (on the skin) and pooping out stinky chemicals like trans-3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid -- which is the main chemical that makes humans stank.

Most animal funk is used to tell other animals different things.

大部份動物身上的意味其實是用來傳達某些訊息的

For example dogs can be trained to smell low blood sugar in diabetics, people can tell what you've eaten by your sweat, and chemosignals can reveal emotions, like if you're stressed, or happy.

像是訓練狗狗嗅出糖尿病患者是否血糖過低，至於人類 則是可以透過聞汗味來得知某人吃過了什麼。其他所謂「化學訊號（chemosignals）」也會表現出人的心情，像是壓力大或是開心等

But, at some point, we decided we wanted to cover up the sweaty informational smell.

可是呢，我們的老祖先有天突然決定要把這種「帶有特殊訊息的」味道隱藏起來

Even before deodorants as we know them, people would perfume or cologne up to cover their distinctive odor!

其實在我們今日熟知的除臭劑問世之前，人早就已經會用香水會古龍水，來把自己身上的味道給隱藏起來了

The first deodorant, called Mum, is from the late 19th century and it allegedly used zinc oxide -- a byproduct of zinc smelting to control bacterial growth.

第一個問世的除臭劑叫做「Mum」，是在19世紀後期出現的而且有人謠傳說這牌除臭劑含有「氧化鋅」 - 由鋅焠鍊出來的的副產物 用途是抑制細菌生長

Fewer bacteria, less smell.

細菌若是少少，異味就會跑掉

Antiperspirants were also invented in the early 1900s and used alcohol and aluminum chloride.

止汗劑也是在1900年代初期的時候發明的當時的止汗劑成份有酒精和氯化鋁

(When applying the deodorant onto the skin) the alcohol would evaporate leaving behind Al-Cl-3, which, according to the American Chemical Society, would stop up those eccrine glands, cutting sweat production.

（除臭劑抹到身上之後） 酒精會蒸發，只留下氯化鋁，而根據美國化學學會的說法氯化鋁可以停止小汗腺的運作，如此一來人體就會停止出汗了

But remember, it's the apocrine glands that excrete the stinky, bacteria-buffet.

可是在這裡要特別留意的一點，是「大汗腺」的分泌物才是真正招來異味和細菌的要因

Which is why most products combine both antiperspirant and deodorant.

而這也就是為什麼大部份去除體味的產品, 都結合了止汗和除臭的效果

They plug the eccrine and keep the bacteria off the apocrine!

他們堵住了小汗腺，也讓細菌無法靠近大汗腺

But, like anything, there are consequences for messing with bacteria in our underarms.

可是，凡事都有好處跟壞處。我們選擇與我們胳肢窩的細菌大軍們為敵, 我們就得要準備好付出一些代價

Deodorants and antiperspirants control bacterial populations.

除臭劑和止汗劑可以控制住細菌大軍的繁殖

Some contain the now-enemy-of-the-FDA: triclosan; an antibacterial agent that's helping cause the rise of superbugs.

而這些除臭和止汗產品卻內含了FDA（美國食品藥品監督管理局）的眼中釘之一，也就是俗稱的「三氯沙（triclosan）」，原因是因為三氯沙間接導致了超級病菌 （superbugs）的成長

Others contain preservatives called parabens, which, if they get into your bloodstream through razor nicks (or other open cuts), have possible estrogen-like properties, and are connected to breast cancer tumors.

其他除臭和止汗產品則內涵「對羥基苯甲酸鹽 (paraben)」或其他種類的防腐劑而上述的這個防腐劑一旦透過刮鬍時所造成的小傷口（或其他傷口）跑進人體裡面的話這種防腐劑所帶有的雌性激素就有可能會導致乳癌

All-natural deodorants cover up the little buggers with essential oils, salts, or alum, but whether they work depends more on the person, and their situation.

精油、鹽、明礬（alum）之類的純天然除臭劑雖然是無傷大雅可是這些純天然產品的效果則是因人和狀況而異

But, before you say, YOU FORGOT.

說到這裡，看倌們一定覺得我們漏講了什麼!

No, antiperspirants themselves do not cause breast cancer.

重點來了: 止汗劑本身 “並不會” 造成乳癌

No. Nope. No. No.

真心不騙 不服 來辯

A study of nearly 1600 people in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, found no evidence whatsoever of antiperspirant or deodorant increasing the risk of breast cancer.

美國國家癌症研究所曾經對1,600人做過一項有關除臭和止汗產品的研究而根據發表在他們期刊的結果指出，他們完完全全沒有找到證據可以證明使用這些產品會增加罹患乳癌的風險

What they can do is alter your microbiome -- the bacteria that live on us all, sometimes helping us live healthier lives.

除臭和只和產品的確是會改變我們體內的 「人體微生物群」而所謂「人體微生物群」呢，就是活在人體內，有的時候就會幫助我們活得更健康的一群細菌

A study in PeerJ looked at the microbiome of a small number of people who used deodorants and antiperspirants, and found people who used antiperspirants were altering their armpit microbiome!

大型科學雜誌PeerJ曾經針對一小群除臭和止汗劑的使用者進行研究最後發現這些使用者的「腋窩人體微生物群」竟然改變了!

Once people stopped using antiperspirant or deodorant, the number of staphylococcal bacteria skyrocketed!

而且啊，有用過這些產品的人，一旦只要停止使用的話體內的金黄色葡萄球菌的數量就會爆棚耶！

In comparison to those who didn't use any Anti-Ps or Dee-odes... I'm still working on that.

相較之下沒有使用止汗劑和處臭劑的人兒們呢… 嘖嘖，看來姐還有好一段路要走呢

I don't know how I feel about that.

小弟真心不知道該如何面對這結果才好

What does this mean?

誰來告訴我這到底是什麼意思?

No idea!

我不懂呀!

The study was ridiculously tiny, but it does show daily hygiene can mess with bacteria in unknown ways.

這個研究規模小到不可思議，但卻顯示我們平日的衛生習慣會默默對細菌產生影響

The researchers said, "We have no idea what effect, if any, this has on our skin and on our health.".

研究人員也跳出來說了: 「我們不確定止汗劑的影響為何。如果有影響，只對皮膚還是對健康有影響？

"Is it beneficial?".

是好?

"Is it detrimental?".

是壞?

"We really don't know at this point.".

就現階段而言, 我們真的無從得知」

As you all like to say, more research is needed.

所以啊，我們需要再做更進一步的研究

The thing is, you don't actually need deodorant.

其實，你根本不需要除臭劑

Some people don't produce the chemical that bacteria eats to make smelly by-products!

有些人本來就不會分泌出細菌大軍超哈的「食糧」，所以自然不會有臭味

And you'd never know if you're one of those people, unless you stop deodorizing.

你不會知道自己是不是這種人，除非你先不要用除臭劑

Or if you have dry earwax.

或是你有乾耳屎

What?

什麼？

Of the two percent of the human population who don't have the gene for stinkiness, that same gene gives people "wet" earwax.

有2%的人類沒有「臭味基因」，而有「臭味基因」的人，就會有濕濕的耳垢

If you have dry, flaky earwax, you probably don't need deodorant.

如果你的耳屎乾燥，還是一塊一塊的，那你就不需要除臭劑囉！

I have to go find a cotton swab...

我要找個棉花棒來試試看

Look, everyone wants to smell awesome, but what about pheromones…

好啦，我們都瞭，有誰不想要聞起來是秀色可餐的呢但是還有費洛蒙

These incredible chemicals allegedly tell people all about you… through the power of smell.

這個神奇的化學物質，據說會透過「味道」，把我們的一切傳遞給周遭的人知道

This is assuming humans can sense pheromones at all...of course.

可是這個說法也是建立在 「人可以聞到費洛蒙」這個假設之上啦…

Have I incited enough excitement and doubt?

那個，你覺得我這樣有把場子炒得夠熱了嗎?

Click here to watch the video explaining it all.

按一下這裡的「Click To Watch」，就可以學到更多唷！

Pheromones are powerful chemical signals sent by one organism to trigger something specific in another.

費洛蒙是強大的化學信號，由一個生物體發送，刺激另一個生物體產生特別反應

Though, this is usually males and females telling each other "How you doin'".

這通常是男性和女性互相對彼此說「你好嗎？」

They can also do other things though.

但費洛蒙也有其他功能

For example, orchids signal pollinators, and ants signal friend or foe.

例如，蘭花吸引傳粉昆蟲，螞蟻則用它來判斷對方是敵是友

Are you one of those 2% who do not need deordorant?

你是不需要除臭劑的那2%嗎？

Or do you just think you are?

或你根本覺得你就是呢？

Have you asked your best friend?

你問過你的死黨這個問題嗎？

Let us know down in the comments, make sure you subscribe for more DNews and thanks for watching.

記得在下面的意見欄裡留言，然後要記得訂閱我們DNews喔！最後，謝謝看倌們今天的收看！

Also, tell us your thoughts over on Twitter or Facebook I'm @jackiekoppell and he's @tracedominguez .

看倌們也可以把意見留在我們的推特或臉書上面唷！我的帳號是jackieoppell，旁邊這一位的是tracedominguez