Name: 貨幣供應量。M0、M1和M2｜貨幣體系｜宏觀經濟學｜可汗學院 (Money supply: M0, M1, and M2 | The monetary system | Macroeconomics | Khan Academy)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T06:33:14.000Z
Duration: 10 min 4 s
Description: 【看影片學英語】數萬部 YouTube 影片，搭配英漢字典即點即查，輕鬆掌握單字發音與用法，長久累積看電影不必再看字幕。

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the different ways of measuring the amount of money

So we're going to start things with our Central

And we're going to focus, just for visualization purposes,

But we're just going to focus on the physical.

And the way that they get this into circulation

go buy securities in the open market, normally

Liquid means it's very easy to buy and sell

PEZ dispensers would not be a liquid asset.

If I bought a billion dollars worth of PEZ

dispensers it would be very hard for me to sell-- one

it would be very hard for me to buy a billion dollars worth.

And it would be even probably even harder

for me to sell a billion dollars worth in any short or medium

So the Central Bank goes out, and let's say they go and buy

And the person that they bought the security from

They could either directly deposit it in a bank

got from selling their security to buy things,

But one way or another we can imagine it all gets

So now all of these dollars are transferred

And they are no longer-- the Federal Reserve,

or the Central Bank, in the general case,

They've been transferred right over here.

Now when they deposit it in private bank number one,

they said, well, I need three of these dollars on demand.

So they put three of these dollars in a checking account.

There are at three of these dollars a checking account.

So checks up too-- so write checks up to $3.

And so they can get a little bit more interest,

and the bank's willing to give a little bit more interest

on a savings account because they don't have

to keep the reserves, they put $1 into a savings account.

And they cannot write checks against that savings account.

but for simplicity, let's just say that they cannot write

There are some that have restricted check writing

So this bank says, OK, well, this dollar, I

don't have to even have any reserves against it.

say that they immediately go and deposit it into another bank.

So they immediately go and deposit this in private bank,

And they deposit it into a savings account

And let's say all of this, out of all of this,

the bank says, well, this is a demand deposit,

But I can lend out, in the US, I could lend out up to 90%

And maybe this bank is a little bit more conservative,

And let's say the person they let it do also

happens to deposit it in private bank number

So these two also end up in private bank number two.

And so they're no longer in private bank number

one, although this person could still write checks up to $3.

These are deposited right over here in a checking account.

Now private bank number two, it can do a couple of things.

In this checking account it has to keep some reserves.

It only decides to lend out half of this,