to learn new vocabulary as they think it will help them improve their English, which is

學習新的詞彙，因為他們認為這將有助於提高他們的英語水平，這是

right, true. However, you need to have very strong foundation with your grammar as well.

對，沒錯。但是，你的文法也需要有很強的基礎。

Am I correct? So we will be taking a grammar lesson today on nouns. So those learners who

我說的對嗎？所以我們今天要上一節名詞的文法課。所以那些學習者

think... uh this is nouns I know, I know it all, I can handle it. No, hold on as we will

認為... 呃，這是名詞我知道，我知道這一切，我可以處理它。不，等一下，我們會

be talking about collective and uncountable nouns. These two set of nouns are such that

要講的是集體名詞和不可數名詞。這兩組名詞是這樣的。

a lot of people make mistakes, even the most advanced English speakers as well. So let's

很多人都會犯錯誤，即使是最先進的英語使用者也是如此。所以，讓's

get started with the nouns.

從名詞入手。

What are nouns? Nouns are names given to person, place, animal or thing or even an organization.

什麼是名詞？名詞是對人、地、動物或事物甚至組織的稱呼。

Let me give you an example. John lives in the UK or the United Kingdom with his dog

讓我舉個例子。約翰和他的狗一起住在英國或英國。

called Snoopy and he loves to play with his ball or a bat. Now here, John is a name of

叫史努比，他喜歡玩他的球或蝙蝠。現在這裡，約翰是一個名字的

a person. UK is a name of a place. Snoopy is a name of a dog which is an animal. Ball

一個人。英國是一個地名。Snoopy是一隻狗的名字，它是一種動物。球

is a name of a thing. So John, UK, Snoopy, ball or bat. One thing that you need to notice

是一個事物的名稱。所以約翰、英國、史努比、球或球棒。你需要注意的一件事

if you are talking about a proper noun, that means a name given specifically to a person

專名詞

or a place or an animal, you need to start that word, that name with a capital letter.

或一個地方或一個動物，你需要用一個大寫字母來開始那個詞，那個名字。

Notice this, John.. J is in caps, Snoopy... S is in caps, UK it is an abbreviation; this

注意這個，約翰...J是大寫的，史努比... ...S是大寫的，英國是縮寫；這個... ...

has to be in capital letters. So J,UK, S all start with a capital letter irrespective where

必須是大寫字母。所以J,UK,S都是以大寫字母開頭的，不管在什麼地方

they are placed in a sentence, okay. So that is a proper noun. But you can't be talking

他們放在一個句子裡，好吧。所以，這是一個合適的名詞。但你不能說

about John all the time. John lives in the UK. John loves his dog. John works here, John

關於約翰所有的時間。約翰住在英國。約翰喜歡他的狗。約翰在這裡工作，約翰

does this? You need to replace these names or these nouns with other words. That is what

這樣做嗎？你需要把這些名字或這些名詞換成其他詞語。這就是

we call pronouns. When you replace with a he or let's say you are talking about me.

我們稱之為代詞。當你用他或者讓'說你在說我的時候，你就替換成了。

Hey Emmelda, looks nice, thank you and you say she wears a beautiful dress. You are replacing

嘿，艾梅爾達，看起來不錯，謝謝你，你說她穿的衣服很漂亮。你在替換

the name Emmelda with she. He, she. The dog loves to lick his master. It is quite funny.

艾梅爾達這個名字和她。他，她。這隻狗喜歡舔他的主人。這很有趣。

You are replacing the dog with an it. They like the movie or let's say my friends who

你是用一個它來代替狗。他們喜歡的電影或讓我們&#39；說我的朋友們誰

went to a theatre loved the movie. They loved the movie so much, they wanted to see it again.

去影院愛的電影。他們非常喜歡這部電影，他們想再看一次。

They, you are replacing the friends with they. So he, she, it, they, them. They all are used

他們，你是把朋友換成了他們。所以他，她，它，他們，他們。他們都是用的

to replace someone very specific and that is what you call as pronouns. You call such

來代替某個非常具體的人，這就是你們所說的代詞。你把這種

words as pronouns. So noun and pronoun is very simple, I'm sure you would agree. So

詞作為代詞。所以名詞和代詞是非常簡單的，我'相信你會同意。所以

let's started with the most tricky ones. Collective nouns, what are collective nouns?

讓我們'從最棘手的開始。集體名詞，什麼是集體名詞？

A lot of people get confused with collective nouns. Well, in basic English, collective

很多人都會對集體名詞感到困惑。那麼，在基本的英語中，集體

nouns are words given to a group of people or a group of things or animals. Let's take

名詞是給一群人或一群事物或動物的詞語。讓我們's拿

a look at a few examples. People, people we have team. A team of employees are working

看一下幾個例子。人，人我們有團隊。一個團隊的員工在工作

on a project for an organization. Team of employees, team of students, team of members,

在一個組織的項目上。員工團隊、學生團隊、成員團隊。

a team. Class, you have class

一個團隊。同學們，你們有班級

of students studying a particular subject. Family, this is my family. A family may consist

的學生學習某一科目。家庭，這就是我的家庭。一個家庭可以由

of more than 5 or 6 people. There are 5 or 6 people, but you consider them family. You

的5、6個人以上。有5、6個人，但你認為他們是家人。你

don't say, families, no right. Unless you are talking about two different or three different

不要&#39；不要說，家庭，沒有權利。除非你說的是兩個不同或三個不同的。

families, right. So team, class, family. One thing that you want to note about collective

家庭，對。所以團隊、班級、家庭。有一件事你要注意，關於集體

nouns is that you always use a singular verb when you are referring to one team or a class

名詞是，當你指一個團隊或一個班級時，你總是使用單數動詞。

or a family. You do not say the team are going here. The team is going here. Irrespective

還是一個家庭。你不說團隊要去這裡。球隊要去這裡。不管

of how many members the team has. You don't say, the class was or the class were listening

的團隊有多少成員。你不說，全班人都在或全班人都在聽。

to a lecture, no. You would say the class was listening. So is, was you will use singular

到講課，不。你會說班上的同學在聽課。所以是，是你會用單數

verbs for collective nouns. So a team of people or employees, a class of students, family.

動詞為集體名詞。所以一個團隊的人或員工，一個班級的學生，家庭。

However, if you are talking about police or crew. Let's say something happened, there

但是，如果你說的是警察或船員。比如說發生了什麼事，有。

was a crime. You would say, hey the police is coming. Yes the police is coming. The next

是一種犯罪。你會說，嘿，警察來了。是的，警察來了。接下來

you are going to say, they are going to catch you. Now here you referring to a few people

你要說的是，他們要抓你。現在你指的是幾個人

in the police department who is going to catch you. Although you use the police and is. But

在警察部門誰來抓你。雖然你用警察和是。但是

in the next sentence if you are talking about specific people within this group, you will

在下一句話中，如果你說的是這個群體中的具體人員，你將會

refer them in the plural form. Okay, so the police is coming, they will catch you. So

用複數的形式稱呼他們好吧，所以警察來了，他們會抓住你。所以...

you understood the difference, you use the collective noun with a singular verb.

你明白了區別，你用集體名詞與單數動詞。

Now, moving on to animals. A lot of people don't know these words for animals. Herd,

現在，繼續說說動物。很多人不知道這些動物的詞語。群。

herd of zebras, herd of zebras. The herd of zebras is moving away to escape the lion's

斑馬群，斑馬群。斑馬群為了躲避獅子'的攻擊，正在遠離。

angry roar. Zebras, a herd of zebras. An army of frogs. It is an army of frogs, you don't

怒吼。斑馬，一群斑馬。一支青蛙的軍隊。這是一支青蛙的軍隊，你不'。

say a lot of frogs are going. You can say that, but if a lot of frogs are moving in

說很多青蛙在走。你可以這麼說，但如果很多青蛙都在移動。

one direction together, you say an army of frogs. School of fish. You don't say, there

一個方向一起，你說青蛙的軍隊。魚群。你不說，有

are so many fishes in the ocean. We say we have many schools of fish in the ocean or

大海里有很多魚。我們說我們在海洋裡有很多魚群，或者說是

there is a school of fish in the pond. School of fish, it is a collective noun for an animal.

池塘裡有一群魚。魚群，是一種動物的統稱名詞。

Moving on to things. We can say, do you say a grape, one grape, two grapes. But what if

繼續說事情。我們可以說，你說一粒葡萄嗎，一粒葡萄，兩粒葡萄。但是如果

they come in a bunch. You say a bunch of grapes or a bunch of things. A bunch of grapes, a

他們來了一堆。你說一串葡萄，還是一串東西。一串葡萄，一

clutch of eggs or a dozen of eggs. A dozen means 12 eggs, right. So when you club the

一窩雞蛋或一打雞蛋。一打就是12個蛋，對吧。所以當你用俱樂部的

12 eggs together, you say a dozen of eggs. Moving on to, a deck of cards. Yes it is cards

12個雞蛋一起，你說一打雞蛋。繼續說到，一副牌。是的，是牌

and not cars. I'm talking about cards. So a deck of cards, a fleet of ship or aero planes.

而不是汽車。我'說的是卡。所以一副卡牌，一支船隊或航空飛機。

So these are the collective nouns for things. Bunch of grapes, clutch of eggs, deck of cards,

所以這些都是事物的集體名詞。一串葡萄，一叢雞蛋，一副牌。

fleet of ships of aero planes. Moving on to the last type of noun which is

艦隊的航空飛機。接著說說最後一類名詞，它是

the uncountable noun. I don't mean last type of nouns I'm talking about only for this lesson.

的不可數名詞。我不'不是指最後一種名詞我'說的只是本課。

So uncountable nouns, what do you mean uncountable nouns. Uncountable nouns are those nouns that

那麼不可數名詞，什麼叫不可數名詞。不可數名詞是指那些名詞。

you cannot measure, you cannot count. For example, liquids. Can you say one water, two

你無法測量，你無法計算。比如說，液體。你能說一個水，兩個

water, three water? Do you say give me a water? Or do you say give me a glass of water? Do

水，三杯水？你是說給我一杯水？還是你說給我一杯水？你是

you say there is so little water in the pond or do you say there is no less water in the

你說池塘裡的水太少了，還是說池塘裡的水沒有少？

pond. So it is uncountable. You cannot count liquids; you cannot count milk by drops. You

塘。所以它是不可數的。你不能數液體，你不能數牛奶的滴數。你

have to say a packet of milk or a bottle of milk. Liquids, very basic. But how about something

不得不說一包牛奶或一瓶牛奶。液體，很基礎。但是，怎麼樣的東西

complex? How about when you are talking about advice. Do you say don't give me so many advices.

複雜嗎？不如說你在說建議的時候。你說別'給我這麼多建議嗎。

That is incorrect. Don't give me so much advice. It is advice and not advices. Information,

這是不正確的。不要給我這麼多建議。是建議而不是意見。是資訊。

the information in the manual is quite clear and easy to understand. You don't say the

手冊中的資訊是相當清楚和容易理解的。你不說

informations in the manual are quite clear. Information always comes with is. Similarly

手冊中的資訊相當清楚。資訊總是伴隨著是。同樣

intelligence. You don't say how many intelligent you are. You say how much intelligent you

智慧。你不說你有多少聰明。你說你有多少聰明的

are. For example when we talk about animals. The animal's level of intelligence is lower

是。比如當我們談到動物的時候。動物'的智力水準較低。

than that of humans. You are measuring like a height. You are not saying it is lesser.

比人類的。你是像測量高度一樣。你不是說它比人少。

Or you are not saying it is 50% lower, no. It is lower than humans. Lastly, garbage.

或者你不是說它低50%，不是。是比人類低。最後，垃圾。

You don't say let's get rid of the garbages. Like one dustbin or two dustbins. You would

你不說讓'擺脫車庫。比如一個垃圾桶或者兩個垃圾桶。你會

use a collective noun or uncountable noun for garbage. So it is very simple. Lot of

用一個集體名詞或不可計數的名詞來表示垃圾。所以很簡單。大量的

advanced learners make mistakes in these words. Advices, informations, instructions. It is

高級學習者在這些詞中犯錯。忠告、告知、訓示。它是

not instructions, it is instruction. Give me the instruction, I'll give you an instruction.

不是訓示，是指令。給我指令，我就給你指令。

That's all intelligence and garbage. I hope you understood the lesson on nouns. I hope

那都是情報和垃圾。我希望你能理解名詞的教訓。我希望

you found this lesson extremely helpful especially if you are a beginner level student. I will

你覺得這堂課非常有幫助，特別是如果你是一個初級水準的學生。我將

be coming back with a new lesson until then, stay healthy, have fun, be beautiful and keep

將來會有新的課程，直到那時，保持健康，有樂趣，美麗和保持

learning English, goodbye.

學習英語，再見。