female genital mutilation in a relatively remote mountain region of the country.

詳述於該國偏遠山區，實施女陰殘割的習俗

Despite the practice having been condemned by the UN and WHO, Russia has no law expressly

儘管聯合國與世界衛生組織已宣告該習俗為有罪，但俄羅斯依然沒有明確的法律

prohibiting it.

來禁止它

Moreover, one religious leader in the region called female circumcision a quote “healthy custom”,

此外，該地區一名宗教領袖聲稱女性割禮是一種「健康習俗」的表現，

with another religious leader saying that the real problem was “feminism”.

而另一名宗教領袖則指出真正有問題的是「女權主義」

Russia is not known for its record of women’s rights, so what is life really like for women in Russia?

俄羅斯在女權的議題上並不出名，所以俄羅斯女人的真實生活樣貌到底是如何呢？

Well, as with many other countries, Russia is predicated on a patriarchal society, and

和其他國家一樣，俄羅斯立基於父權社會，

women have shockingly few legal protections from their husbands.

女性在面對她們的丈夫時，僅有極少的法律保障

Reports by human rights groups show that more than half of all Russian women are threatened

在人權團體的報告中顯示，大於一半以上的俄羅斯女性遭受暴力威脅

with violence or are victims of violence, and roughly a quarter of them suffer sexual abuse as well.

或是成為受害者，其中大約四分之一的女性更遭遇過性虐待

Unfortunately, rape is seriously underreported in Russia, largely due to stigma, victim blaming,

不幸的是，俄羅斯的強暴事件數是遠遠被低估的，大多是歸因於恥辱、受害者指責

and legal inefficiency.

以及法律效力不彰

According to a 2013 report by the Russian government, roughly 40% of all violent crimes

根據2013年俄羅斯政府的一篇報告，粗估40%的暴力犯罪

occur within the family.

發生於家庭之中

And despite efforts to introduce a bill criminalizing domestic violence, all attempts have been

而儘管政府致力於提出家庭暴力相關法案，但所有的努力皆

shut down.

嘎然而止

Within Russian culture, domestic abuse is more of a private matter than something discussed

在俄羅斯文化裡，家庭暴力屬於家務私事，不適合在公開場合談論

or dealt with by law enforcement.

或是以法律強致力解決

Surprisingly, one female member of parliament, famous for introducing a law banning quote

令人訝異的是，一位以提出「同性戀宣傳禁令」為名的女性國會議員

“gay propaganda”, proposed a new bill which would actually decriminalize domestic violence.

甚至提出了一個新法案，讓家庭暴力合法化

Moreover, women suffer from the same lack of representation, both financial and political,

此外，女性在經濟與政治面都缺乏代表人

that can help change their situation.

以改變她們的處境

Russia ranks 75th in the world for gender inequality according to the World Economic Forum.

根據世界經濟論壇，俄羅斯在性別不平等指數排名第75名

World Bank notes that while Russia has one of the highest rates of female participation

世界銀行指出，雖然俄羅斯擁有全世界最高的女性參與勞動率，

in the workforce, just 4% lower than their male counterparts, women only make about 60

只有低於該國男性勞動率的4%，然而女性的薪資僅有男性的

to 70% of what men make.

60%到70％之間

And although women in Russia are legally allowed maternity leave, some women are forced to

雖然女性請產假在俄羅斯是合法的，但有些女性仍被強制

sign contracts which effectively waive their rights to work in case they get pregnant.

簽署合約，使得他們在懷孕後即失去工作權

This is in spite of the fact that article 19 of the Russian Constitution guarantees

而儘管俄羅斯憲法第19條保障

equal rights for men and women.

男女平權

And without greater representation, the situation will not get any better.

沒有更有力的代表人，女性的處境不會有所改善

Although there are women in the Russian parliament, their proportion is low.

雖然俄羅斯國會內有女性議員，但她們的比例還是太少

According to World Bank, from 1990 to 2015, the percentage of women in parliament dropped

根據世界銀行，從1990年到2014年，女性參與國會的比例從

from 16% to 14%.

16%下降至14%

In Russia women are marginalized, see violence perpetrated against them, make less money,

在俄羅斯，女性是被邊緣化、被暴力相待、薪資所得較低

and have less power than men.

以及擁有比男性更少的權力

Although women’s rights groups are making some strides in legislature to try and change

雖然有許多女權團體努力在立法上嘗試改變女性處境

the situation, the long standing male-dominated culture has little room for rapid improvements.

但長久以來由男性支配的文化，讓改革停滯不前

In 2012, feminist punk band “Pussy Riot” was arrested for “hooliganism” after performing

2012年，俄羅斯女權主義龐克樂團「暴動小貓」以「暴動」為名被逮捕，在她們

an anti-Putin prayer in an Orthodox Church, with the lawyer defending the church calling

演出一名在東正教教堂的反普丁信徒，以及一名律師捍衛一座稱作女權主義的教堂

feminism, “a mortal sin”.

為一「滔天大罪」

Clearly, Russia is still not a great place to be a woman.

顯然，俄羅斯仍然不是一個適合女性生存的國家

Be sure to watch this next episode on Seeker Stories to get an inside look at Russia’s

請持續鎖定Seeker Stories的下一集節目，帶您一窺究竟

popular “womanhood” schools, which teach women how to navigate their love lives.

俄羅斯著名的「女性」學校，教導女性如何掌握自己的愛情人生

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感謝您收看Seeker Daily，也請喜歡及訂閱我們的頻道以取得更多新影片的資訊喔！