Name: 【TEDx】學習方式以及自我省思的重要性 (Learning styles & the importance of critical self-reflection | Tesia Marshik | TEDxUWLaCrosse)
Uploaded: 2017-02-04T22:00:00.000Z
Duration: 18 min 15 s

基礎數量詞

There's a few different versions -actually, many different versions - of learning styles.

當我們談到學習風格時，有一些不同版本––不，是不少

形容詞最高級

But probably the most common one that you've heard of,

is that some of us are auditory learners,

我們當中的某些人屬於聽覺學習者

where we learn best by listening to things;

也就是說，我們用聽來學習是最好的方式

我們中的某部分人則是視覺學習者

也就是說我們的學習方式是靠看到東西

and some of us might be more tactile or kinesthetic learners,

還有一些人是用觸覺或是肌肉運動知覺的學習者

where we learn best by actually doing things

也就是我們實際進行操作時，學習效果最好

How many of you have heard of that before?

the bad news is, if you believe in learning styles, you're actually wrong.

壞消息是，如果你相信所謂的學習風格，你真的錯了

But the good news is that it's not entirely your fault.

好消息則是，這並不完全是你的錯

This belief in learning styles is incredibly pervasive.

令人難以置信的是相信有學習方式的人非常多

It's so common that few people ever think to even question it. Right?

多到幾乎沒有人去想過要去質疑，對吧？

But when put to the test, we found that learning styles don't exist.

但是當我們進行了測試後發現，所謂的學習方式事實上並不存在

And there are tons of people that believe this.

When we survey, for example, students and teachers,

當我們觀察時，舉例來說，學生以及老師們

we find that something like 90 percent of them

or over 90 percent of people believe they have a learning style.

或是超過90%的人相信自己有學習風格

And many teachers today are still told that part of their job,

而且直到現在仍然有許多老師被告知這是他們這是工作的一部分

is to figure out what their students' learning styles are,

必須要了解他們的學生的學習方式

and then accommodate them for the classroom.

There are even a host of companies and organizations out there that support learning styles,

甚至有一些公司或組織的老闆支持學習風格

and who, for a fee,will train you on how to maximize your potential or that of your students,by addressing learning styles and learning what yours are.

然後這些人，為了賺錢，會訓練你如何讓你的學生的潛能發揮到最大化，藉由說明各種學習方式，以及讓你發掘自己的學習方式是什麼

But again, the key is, when put to the test,

但是，再一次，重點是當進行了測試後

these learning styles don't exist; it doesn't make a difference.

這些學習方式並不存在，而且不會造成差異性

我會說當我們對人們進行觀察時

So if I asked, "How would you like to learn something?"

我會問：「你喜歡用什麼方式學東西呢？」

many of you might say, "I'd prefer to see it,"

你們當中許多人可能會說：「我喜歡用看的」

or "I'd prefer to hear it," or "I'd prefer to actually do it."

或是「我喜歡用聽的」或是「我喜歡實際操作」

But the key is that those preferences don't actually enhance your learning when we test them in experimental conditions.

但是，重點是一旦我們進行測試後發現所謂的偏好並不能真的增進學習效果

And there are many different ways to test this,

而且有許多不同的方法可以進行測試

who supposedly have different learning styles.

這些人當然都有不同的學習方式

我們用許多不同的方式來教他們

Then we see if teaching them in one way was somehow better for them or more effective than others.

然後我們觀察是不是用某種方式教導他們會比較好或是比其他方式有效

So for example, let's say I had a list of words I wanted you to memorize.

舉例來說，假設我有一張許多單字的清單，我希望你們背起來

In one group I might show you that list of words;

在一個團體中我可能讓你看字的清單

In yet another group or another condition,

而在另一個團體中或是另一種條件下

I might just let you listen to those words and hear them,

but you would hear someone saying: dog, hose, coat, etc.

但是你會聽到有人說：「狗、管子、外套」等等

Now if learning styles existed, if it was true,

現在，假設學習方式存在的話，假設這是真的

we would expect that visual learners, or so-called visual learners,

我們的期待會是那些視覺學習者，所謂的視覺學習者

would be able to recall more words when they saw them.

當他們看到那些字的時候會記得比較多的字

So, either when they saw the list or when they saw the actual images.

不論他們是看到那個清單或是看到圖像時

And we would expect that so-called auditory learners

would be able to recall more words when they heard them, right?

可以記得比較多的字當他們聽到那些字的時候，對嗎？

But the finding is, learning is actually the same.

但是，結果是，學習成果是一樣的

The number of words you recall is exactly the same,

你能記得多少字事實上都是一樣的

regardless of how the material is presented to you.

I know that's just one example of one particular study,

我知道這只是單一學習中的一個例子

that this has been replicated in many different contexts

這個方式被重複在不同情境中使用過

with many different people of all different ages,

and tested in slightly different ways with exactly the same results.

而且用了有些許差異的方式進行測試都得到了一樣的結果

In fact, there have been several meta-analysis papers

事實上，有許多的後設分析報告

where they've looked at all the research on this topic for 40 years,

觀察了所有與這個主題相關的研究長達40年的時間

and all of them have concluded the same thing:

而且所有的結論都指向同一個結果

that matching teaching styles to supposed learning styles

說明與學習風格相符的教學風格

or students' preferences actually makes a difference.

或是與學生的偏好相符可以造成學習上的差異

But I would encourage you to look up some of this research on your own.

但是我鼓勵你自己去查閱一些這方面的相關研究

I’m sure some of you are wondering, "How does that even make sense?"

我相信你們當中的某些人正在懷疑的想著：「這怎麼可能呢？」

And there's a lot of different research on learning and memory to explain this,

而且有那麼多不同的對於學習與記憶的研究可以來解釋

but one of the main ideas is that most of what we learn in the classroom

但是其中一個重要的想法是我們在課堂中學到最多的

and most of what our teachers want us to know in particular

和特別是我們的老師最想要我們知道的

and it's not tied to one particular sense or one particular sensory mode.

也就是不要依賴特定的一種感覺或感官模式

it's also true that some of you might have better visual memories

確實在你們當中的某些人可能有比較好的視覺記憶

or better auditory memories or auditory processing skills

或是比較好的聽覺記憶或是聽覺處理技巧

and that might be advantageous for certain type of tasks.

並且對於進行某些種類的工作會較有優勢

So for example, if I wanted you to remember:

What was the color of the coat on that last slide?

上一張投影片中那件外套的顏色

or: How many windows were on that house on the last slide?

或是，上一張投影片中的房子有多少個窗戶

then having a really good visual memory would help with that.

那麼，當你擁有很好的視覺記憶時就可以起到作用

Likewise, if I had read you the list of words and I said,

同樣的，如果我讀了一串的字詞並且問：

"Were they read in a high voice or a low voice?"

「我是用較高的聲音或較低的聲音讀的呢？」

then having a really good auditory memory would help with that.

這時候擁有非常好的聽覺記憶就會有所幫助了

But those aren't typically the kinds of questions

that teachers are asking you to remember,

or the things teachers want you to learn in the classroom.

或是老師在課堂上希望你們學習的