But what happens to my brain when I come out of it? Does it come out different?

但我抽離時大腦會怎樣？會變不一樣嗎？

This week, we humans will spend 3 billion hours playing video games,this week, 1.2 billion people

這星期人類花了三十億小時在電玩上，十二億人口

play regularly... 99 percent of boys and 94 percent of girls under 18 lock their eyeballs

常常玩電玩。18歲以下，有99%的男生和94%的女生常常緊盯

on a video game quote "regularly" according to game designer and author Jane McGonigal.

電玩。這是遊戲設計者兼創作者Jane McGonigal說的

That's an incredible amount of time living in what amounts to an alternate reality for

對大腦來說，這是超長時間沉浸於

the brain.

虛擬環境

A study from the Proceedings of the Royal Society B that came out last December

去年十二月，皇家學會報告指出

looked at the brains of gamers while playing and offer another alleged turn in the thumbscrews of action games…

玩家的大腦玩遊戲時有驚人的發現

Their study found that video game players have a less robust striatum nucleus --

研究指出玩家比較沒有強健的紋狀核

the part of the brain that constructs an internal representation of the outside world.

也就是大腦連接外面世界的部分

Essentially, games aren't helping people learn to map the real world out here.

基本上遊戲沒有辦法在現實中幫上忙

Action gamers are using something called "response learning" instead of

動作遊戲用的是「反應學習」，而不是

the more advanced "place learning."

更進階的「方位學習」

To simplify, imagine you're trying to get to a familiar place like a friend's house

簡單來說，假設要去你熟悉的地方，像是朋友家

or your favorite restaurant: "response learning" is when your brain creates a map using landmarks;

或你最愛的餐廳，「反應學習」是你的大腦依照地標創造地圖

but "place learning" is an advanced internal map so you know to turn based on distance

但「方位學習」是進階內建地圖，根據距離與方位讓你知道

and direction --not just like, there's a McDonalds right there. it's the difference between associating lots of little bits of information

何時該轉彎。連結部分資訊

… "I have to turn when I see the McDonalds" as opposed to combining that information into

「看到麥當勞後要轉彎」，和結合資訊

an understanding of the external world.

並在現實中整合是不一樣的

These researchers think the action video game players are under-developing their striatum

研究者認為動作遊戲會讓玩家的紋狀體退化

to such a degree that it might affect them throughout their lives; they may even develop

甚至影響他們的生活，更可能有

a neurological disorder because of this! Some news outlets have called this a risk of Alzheimers, but

神經失調的危險！有些媒體宣稱這有可能導致阿茲海默症

that's a pretty damn big jump.

不過這也跳太快了

For every study of games negatively affecting our brains there are

即使很多研究說遊戲會影響我們的大腦

plenty of studies saying the opposite. A study in July of last year in Molecular Psychiatry

也有很多研究持相反論點。去年七月分子疾病精神學期刊

put gamers into magnetic resonance imagers to reveal how grey matter was developing in

讓玩家進行磁共振成像，查看灰質在頭裡成長

their cabezas. They found a correlation in the size of their grey matters, specifically the entorhinal cortex, and left

的程度。他們發現内嗅皮質

occipital cortex/inferior parietal lobes related to their 'joystick years' or the amount of

左枕葉皮質、下頂葉，他們的大小都跟遊戲時數有關，也就是

time they played certain video games.

遊戲遊玩的總時間

According to their results, people who played more logic, puzzle, and platform games had

根據結果指出，玩有邏輯的遊戲、拼圖、2D遊戲

a larger entorhinal cortex, but action-based role-playing games had a smaller one. The

會有更大的內嗅皮質，但玩角色扮演的動作遊戲內嗅皮質較小

entorhinal cortex works with the hippocampus to create memories and maps of your life -- so

內嗅皮質和海馬迴負責你生活中的記憶和方位

you know when and where something happened as well as how it fits in with what happened

讓你知道事情發生的時間和地點，也能知道

the day before, or last time you met that person. Another study in that journal from

前天或上次見到某人時發生的事情。同個期刊有另一項研究

February of the same year found similar results using games like Commander Keen and Super

同年二月發現，玩指揮官基恩和超級瑪莉的玩家

Mario 64. Science is saying, platformers and logic games are great for the entorhinal cortex,

有類似的情況。科學上表示，2D和邏輯性遊戲有助於內嗅皮質

even while action-based games aren't.

但動作遊戲沒幫助

That being said, however, the hippocampus and grey matter in ALL video game players

雖說如此，全部玩家的的海馬迴和灰質

had added brain plasticity overall! Plasticity is the ability for the brain to adapt and change

更有可塑性！可塑性可讓大腦適應和改變

neural pathways. More plasticity is better! And it's not just the plasticity, a study

神經通路。可塑性越高越好！而且不只可塑性

done with chimpanzees published in Science News last month assessed how chimps' brains

上個月有篇科學新聞研究黑猩猩，關於大腦

responded to playing video games. After teaching them to play a cooperative game, the researchers

跟電玩的關係。教完他們怎麼玩合作遊戲後，研究員

found cells in the chimp's brains would fire, predicting what the next move of the OTHER chimp playing with them would be 79.4

發現黑猩猩能夠預測對方的下一步，有79.4%的時間

percent of the time! These chimps understood what was going on in the brains of their co-op

能夠預測。這些黑猩猩知道對方的腦中

players.

在想什麼

We KNOW video games change how our brain works, but whether that's a good or bad thing seems

我們知道電玩會改變我們的大腦，但不確定是正面還是負面

to change as new research comes out… which is every month. We cover this research all the time. For instance,

總是要等到新研究出來才知道。我們每月推出這些影片，例如

do videogames make you more aggressive? Joe Bereta explores that idea in this episode

「電玩使你變得暴力嗎?」Joe Bereta有在這集告訴你

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