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  • In the diamond industry around 1 million precious stones are being digitised to prevent fraud.

  • Each diamond will have a unique fingerprint, identifying its origin and tracing its history.

  • From the mine it came from, to the jeweller's shop window.

  • All made possible by blockchain technology.

  • Blockchain is a new way to store and record transactions.

  • It's very much like a traditional database,

  • but the blocks are linked together cryptographically

  • in order to make sure that they're tamper proof.

  • Blockchain technology was invented in 2008 to create a digital currency.

  • The primary example that people are familiar with is probablt Bitcoin.

  • People are using it as digital cash.

  • But actually people have started to use it more and more

  • for things like their last will and testament,

  • or to declare that a diamond isn't a blood diamond, or even for sharing data.

  • Each block in a blockchain is computer code containing some form of information,

  • such as a contract, certificate of ownership, a statement of authenticity

  • or proof of a bank's financial transaction.

  • But each block of information in this computer database is securely connected,

  • or chained, to the other through a digital signature.

  • If you're trying to send money to relatives it can take 3, 5 or sometimes more days to

  • move the money.

  • And that's because we have to be very certain about where the money has gone to.

  • Before, technology didn't allow us to do that quickly and cheaply.

  • With this technology it would be faster and cheaper.

  • And it would be more secure because the bank has to digitally sign it

  • and would have an audit trail of every transaction that's ever happened.

  • As new information is added the length and complexity of the blockchain increases

  • and the computer database gets bigger with more and more people a part of it.

  • But if someone makes an unauthorised change

  • everyone else in the chain can see where it happened

  • and agree whether the change is valid or not.

  • For example you and I could decide that I was going to buy your house for £1,000.

  • And instead of hiring a lawyer

  • we could decide to register that onto a blockchain.

  • We would record a contract onto the blockchain that would indicate

  • I have agreed to add £1,000 today so that I could buy your house.

  • It would give you a public ledger that would be transparent,

  • so that anyone could see that I had agreed to pay.

  • I couldn't go back at a later date and change it to be £500.

  • And we could also do things like transfer the ownership through the title deeds.

  • And that would all be publically registered in the blockchain.

  • A distributed ledger is something that allows us to produce

  • a tamper-proof record of transactions onto a public ledger.

  • It's very similar to how an accounting ledger works.

  • But the idea behind a distributed ledger is that we get rid of the middle man.

  • We can use distributed ledger technology to help fishermen, for example, in Scotland

  • to prove the provenance of a piece of salmon.

  • We could say that it was definitely farmed at this time,

  • from this lake, and in this particular fashion.

  • And that could all be recorded transparently onto a distributed ledger,

  • which anyone would be able to track.

  • Everyone can have an identical copy of a distributed ledger.

  • This database of assets is shared across multiple sites.

  • While nothing is invulnerable to cyber attack, hacking it is extremely difficult.

  • If you had a distributed ledger with 1,000 computers on it

  • and you had stored a contract into that ledger,

  • and someone wanted to come in and hack and change some of the information,

  • in order to do that they couldn't just hack your computer,

  • they would have to hack every single other person's computer at the same time,

  • and change exactly the same piece of information.

  • The technology could also help small scale farmers.

  • For example, by registering the availability of their produce on a blockchain,

  • it could allow them to create economies of scale

  • to guarantee a supply chain to large scale customers.

  • Within government there are a number of potential applications for distributed ledgers

  • that could revolutionize the way it works and the delivery of public services.

  • I believe this technology will have a foundational impact on the way our society runs,

  • on the way our government runs, the way that we interact with one another -

  • not just in economic transations - but on a day-to-day basis.

  • I think blockchain technology is at least as significant

  • as the development of the internet.

  • If the internet bought us near instant digital communication,

  • then blockchain brings us near instant digital asset transfer,

  • asset movement and security of data movement.

  • That's really, really important to everything in financial services,

  • anything with property or ownership,

  • which is massive for the economy.

In the diamond industry around 1 million precious stones are being digitised to prevent fraud.

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B1 中級

區塊鏈技術 (Block chain technology)

  • 312 42
    Chris Lyu 發佈於 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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