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In this short video we'll be discussing relative clauses, also known as adjective
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clauses. Before we start discussing relative clauses,
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let's do a quick review by answering these four questions.
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The first type of relative clause we'll be discussing is the subject relative
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clause.
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Let's take a look at these two sentences here.
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"SMC is the community college."
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"It is located close to UCLA". So, we have two independent clauses "SMC is a
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community college" and a second independent clause
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"It is located close to UCLA". What you need to focus your attention on is "the
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community college" which is in bold and "it".
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"It" is a pronoun that refers to "the community college". When we create a
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subject relative clause,
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we combine these two independent clauses ,and we have "SMC is a community college
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that is located close to UCLA".
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So, this relative clause describes the community college.
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Here's another quick example. "Students are very intelligent." "They attend SMC." So,
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we have "students" as the subject in the first sentence, and "they" as a subject
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pronoun in the second sentence. When we combine them,
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we have the sentence, "Students who attend SMC are very intelligent."
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So, the relative clause describes the students. When we write relative clauses
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or subject relative clauses we use the relative pronouns "who", "which", and "that"
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to connect the two clauses. We use "who" for people, "which" for things,
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animals, places, and ideas, and "that" we also use for people and things,
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animals, places and ideas.
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So, let's take a look at a couple of practice problems. Here again we have two
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sentences.
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"The students are hardworking." "They are learning English."
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Now we want the first sentence to be the independent clause, and we want the
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second sentence to become the relative clause, the clause that describes some
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noun in the first sentence.
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So, we have "the students" is the subject in the first sentence, and "they" is the
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subject pronoun in the second sentence.
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So, what we're going to do to combine these two sentences is we're going to
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move this whole second clause right after the noun we're going to describe
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which is "students".
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So, if you see we have "The students they are learning English are hard working",
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but we can't have two subjects in a row
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so we replace the pronoun or the subject of the second sentence with a
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relative pronoun and we get "The students" remember these are people so "WHO are
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learning English are hardworking." Let's look at a second example. "The grammar
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book belongs to the instructor."
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"It is on the desk." So, which subject in the first sentence is the same as the
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subject in the second sentence? We look here, and we have "the grammar book", that's
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the subject of the first sentence, "belongs to the instructor."
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"It is on the desk." So, "It" refers to "the grammar book".
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We're going to combine the sentences again and we get "The grammar book which
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is on the desk belongs to the instructor." So, this whole second clause
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became the relative clause, and we put it right after the noun we're trying to
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describe, which is the grammar book.
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Here's another example.
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"She lives in the city." "It is located next to Santa Monica."
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So, in the first sentence we have the noun "the city" and in the second sentence
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we have the pronoun "it." The "it" refers to "the city" so we combine these two
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sentences, and we get "She lives in the city which is located next to Santa
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Monica." We use with the relative pronoun "which" because "city" is a thing not a
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person.