generally take as good advice don't murder, don't steal, honor your parents the list

它記載著好的律例，像不能謀殺、 不偷竊、孝敬父母，等等…

goes on and those are just the first 10 they're actually a total of six hundred

這才十條誡而已，總共算起來應該有613條，

and thirteen commands all given to ancient Israel found in the first five

而且在聖經的前五本書中，告訴了所有以色列人，

books of the Bible which in hebrew are called the torah now the word Torah is

這五本書希伯來文稱之為《妥拉》，

usually translated in english as the law because it has all of these laws in it

在英文中《妥拉》通常被翻成《律法》， 因為它包含所有的律例，

as you read through them you wonder am I supposed to obey some of these all of these

當你在閱讀時， 你會思考是否要遵守這些?或全部?

and what's the purpose of the law well that translation is kind of confusing

《律法》的目的是甚麼?其實翻成《律法》會造成疑惑，

because while the torah has laws in it the book itself is fundamentally a story

因為《妥拉》一方面是在講述律法， 另一方面是在說明，

about how God is creating new kinds of people who are fully able to love God

上帝如何創造一群能夠愛上帝和愛別人的新人類。

and love others and when Jesus taught about the torah he said he was bringing that

當耶穌在教導《妥拉》時，

story to its fulfillment. So walk me through the story and how it's fulfilled. So the

他說他是來實踐《妥拉》。所以他是如何實踐的？

story begins with God creating humanity who rebels and God chooses Abraham to bless

故事的開始上帝創造的人類反抗祂， 上帝揀擇亞伯拉罕來祝福人類，

all of the nations through his family who end up in slavery down in Egypt and so

後來他們在埃及做了奴隸，

Guard rescues them then at Mount Sinai God makes a covenant with Israel like an

上帝拯救他們，然後在西奈山和以色列人立約。

agreement

摩西告訴以色列人所有的律法，

and all the laws that Moses gives to Israel are the terms of that agreement

這些律法就像憲法，有一些是有關儀式和禮俗，

they're like a constitution. So some of the laws they are about rituals and customs

有些則是和社會公義和道德有關，

that set Israel apart from the nation other laws are about social justice or

藉由遵守這些律法，以色列人才能讓其他人認識上帝。

morality and by following these Israel would show the other nations what God is

所以《妥拉》的後半只是完整記載 那些摩西告知以色列人的律例嗎?

like. Okay so the rest of the Torah is just the complete list of laws that Moses

不是，《妥拉》的後半是故事的延續，

gives Israel? No, the rest of the Torah just continues the story and the six

這613條律例只是從那原本的"憲法"中截取出來的，

hundred and thirteen commands are only a selection from that original

這些律例有計畫性地被放在故事中，

Constitution and even these have been broken up and placed at strategic points

注意囉!你現在會發現很明顯的模式，

within the story now pay attention because you'll see a really clear

摩西告訴了以色列人第一條律法： 不要崇拜別的神，不要造偶像，

pattern Moses gives the first laws to Israel. Don't worship other gods and don't make idols and

在那之後以色列人馬上違背第一條律法，

then right after that there's a story of Israel breaking those very laws they

他們拜金牛，所以摩西告訴他們其他律法，

worship the golden calf and so Moses gives some more laws and then you get

然後我們看到更多反抗、更多律法、 更多反抗、更多律法、更多反抗，

more stories of rebellion. Some more laws, rebellion again, more laws more

而後我們注意到重點了，不論有多少的律法，

rebellion and you start to see the point right no matter how many laws they're

他們持續反抗，所以《妥拉》的結尾是，

just gonna continue to rebel. So at the conclusion of the torah's story of

摩西對以色列人演說了他最後的話， 他們正要進入他們的新家，

Moses gives this final speech to Israel as they prepared to go into their new

摩西告訴他們，他知道以色列人不會遵守上帝的律法，

home and he tells them you guys I know that you're not going to follow all of

他們已經證明給摩西看了，他們做不到，

God's laws you've proven to me that you're incapable and Moses says the

摩西說問題出在以色列人的心太硬，

problem is that the hearts are hard and that they're going to need new

他們需要更新的心來真實地跟隨上帝的律法，

transformed hearts if they're ever going to truly follow God's law and he was

摩西是對的，故事繼續述說著以色列人的失敗。

right to me the story goes on to recount Israel's total failure. They go into the

以色列人進入了新家，他們違背所有的律法。 接著，在以色列人的傳統中，

land they break all the laws. Right now the next section of books in the Jewish

接下是15本的先知書，他們在反思之前的事， 舉例來說，

tradition are the fifteen books of the Prophets and they reflect back on the

先知以西結說如果以色列人能夠遵守上帝的法律，

story for example Ezekiel he said that if Israel is ever going to obey the law

上帝的靈便能將他們鋼硬的心轉化成柔軟，

God's Spirit would have to transform their hard hearts into soft hearts and

先知耶利米說當以色列人不覺得遵守法律是義務時，

Jeremiah said that's when obedience to God's commands

他們才能真心地銘記在心，

wouldn't feel like a duty that they would be written deep in their hearts

先知以賽亞說將來會有一位以色列人的彌賽亞，

and Isaiah he promised a future leader Israel's Messiah who will lead all of

在猶太的傳統中，帶領所有的人遵循律法。

the people in obedience to the law. Now in Jewish tradition all of these books

我們稱這些書為先知書或是史書，

together are called the prophets even historical books because they're

因為這些書是以先知們的觀點所寫成。

continuing the story told from the perspective of the profits ok so we have

所以我們看到了律法和先知， 集合起來講述一個有關聯的故事，

the law and the prophets and they're telling one connected story about God's desire to

那就是上帝想要透過被揀選的以色列來祝福全世界，

bless the whole world through a people Israel who it turns out needs a new

但他們需要新的心，所以耶穌是來完成這件事，

heart yes and Jesus saw himself as continuing that story so he agreed with

他遵守律法和認同先知們的想法， 當他得知人性的醜陋，

the law and the prophets when he taught that it's out of the human heart that

是來自人心，那就好像預先設定在我們的心中，

come the most ugly parts of human nature is like the default setting of our

它會違背上帝的律法，但耶穌說他是來解決這個問題，

hearts is opposed to God's law but Jesus also said that he came to solve that problem

而且來實踐律法的。那麼耶穌說的實踐律法是甚麼意思?

and in his words to fulfill the law. So what does he mean there to fulfill the law? Well, first he said

耶穌說《妥拉》中律法都能夠被完成， 但要藉由一個美好的戒命，

that the demand of all of the laws in the Torah could be fulfilled by what he

那就是愛上帝和愛你的鄰人，看起來很簡單，

called the great command, that we are to love God and love others. So that seems pretty easy

我們都想去愛，以為知道愛是甚麼， 不過，耶穌告訴我們，

I mean we all want to love. Well, we think we want to love, but Jesus showed how love this far more

愛其實比我們想的嚴謹。

demanding than we realize.

他引用律法說「不能殺人」，不殺人就是愛人，

So he quotes the law do not murder and he says yes not killing someone is very

他也說如果我們不尊重別人，

loving thing to do, but then he also says that when you treat someone with

或者對別人懷恨在心，這樣也是違背上帝的理想道德，

disrespect or when you nurse resentment against them you're also violating God's

因為這樣就是對別人沒有愛，所以耶穌說，

moral ideal because you're not treating that person with love. So Jesus said true love

真實的愛要能擴及到愛敵人，這條戒命看似簡單，

ought to extend even to our own enemies so even though this command seems very

但我們的心，並沒有準備好來完成如此簡單的戒命，

simple Jesus showed how our hearts are not currently equipped to fulfill even this

這真是令人沮喪，雖然以色列人失敗了，

basic command of God to love others. And that's kind of a downer. But where Israel

耶穌身為以色列人的彌賽亞卻實踐了戒命，

failed Jesus brought the story to it's fulfillment as Israel's Messiah he fully loved

那就是愛上帝和愛鄰人，他讓所有人認識上帝。

God and others and he showed all of the nation's what God is truly like. He did

他透過憐憫慈悲來愛他的敵人，

this through his acts of compassion and mercy and ultimately by loving his

甚至為他們而死，他死而復活後，他告訴他的信徒，

enemies even unto death and after his resurrection he told his followers that

他會降聖靈轉化他們的心，

he would send God's Spirit to transform their hearts so that they could follow

所以他們會跟隨他並且實踐律法，去愛上帝和鄰人。

him and fulfill the purpose of the law to love God and to love their neighbor. So

這樣做就是完成先知書和律法書所說的，換句話說，

this fulfills the story of the law and the prophets. Or, in the words of the

如同使徒保羅說的：「要彼此相愛， 因為愛人的完全了律法 。」

Apostle Paul the one who loves fulfills the law. This video was made possible by

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