Name: 【TEDx】信念的力量 (The Power of belief -- mindset and success | Eduardo Briceno | TEDxManhattanBeach)
Uploaded: 2017-06-12T21:59:59.000Z
Duration: 10 min 52 s

What do you think is the key to achieving our goals, our success?

你們認為實現理想和獲取成就的關鍵要素是什麼？

Some people suggest things like hard work, focus, persistence.

有人認為是勤奮努力、專心致志和持之以恒

But research shows these are all by-products of something else,

但研究指出，這些都是由其它某個要素所衍生出來的產物

something much more powerful that we can all develop.

一種更具影影力的，並且是你我都能培養的

It is this very special something that is really critical to success,

它非常的特別，是成功的重要關鍵

and is what I am here to discuss with you today.

這也是我今天要和你們探討的主題

Someone who has achieved great success is Josh Waitzkin,

有個已經擁有偉大成就的人叫喬希．維茲勤

a chess international master and the subject of the movie "Searching for Bobby Fischer".

他是國際西洋棋大師，也是電影 《天生小棋王》的主人翁

Nobody has won all the national chess championships that Josh has.

喬希所贏過的全國西洋棋冠獎盃無能人及

But even more impressive, when he turned 21,

但更令人欽佩的是，當他滿21歲的時後

he took on the challenge of mastering something completely new

他接受了一個「精通全新事物」的挑戰

and very different from chess: martial arts.

He realized that he had learned how to grow and succeed,

他意識到自己已經學會如何成長和成功

and he could apply that understanding to other domains.

而且他可以把所領悟到的運用到其它領堿

And so, he devoted himself relentlessly to tai chi chuan.

所以，他努力不懈的致力於太極拳

And after lots of hard work, many failures, and some broken joints,

然後，在經過多次的努力、多次的失敗和一些關節的斷裂

he became a great martial artist, and he won two world championships.

他成為一個偉大的武術家，並且贏得2座世界冠軍

So what does Josh say is the greatest thing ever happened to him?

所以，喬希說過他人生中最棒的遭遇是什麼呢？

Believe it or not, he says, "Losing my first national chess championship,

信不信由你， 他說:「就是第一次痛失西洋棋冠軍的時後

because it helped me avoid many of the psychological traps."

因為這幫助他避免了許多心理的魔咒」

The key trap that Josh avoided was believing that he was special,

喬希避開的關鍵陷阱就是相信自己與眾不同

that he was smarter than other people, and that he didn't have to work hard.

比任何人都還聰明，甚至不需要去花費太多心力就能成功

He could have thought of himself as a prodigy,

他本來可以把自己當作是天才的

but he doesn't think that he has extraordinary intelligence.

但他並不認為自己擁有超凡的智慧

He says, "The moment we believe that success is determined by an ingrained level of ability,

他說：「當我們堅信成功取決根深蒂固的能力

we will be brittle in the face of adversity."

在面對逆境時，我們將會變得脆弱」

Josh often quotes Stanford Professor Carol Dweck

喬希經常引述史丹佛教授卡蘿·杜瑞克

who discovered that some people see intelligence or abilities as fixed

她發現有些人認為智力和能力是固定不變的

就是所謂的「固定型思維模式」

while other people see them as Josh does,

as qualities that can be developed; a growth mindset.

認為才能是可以被發展的； 也就是「成長型思維模式」

More important, Dr. Dweck discovered that these two different mindsets

更重要的是，杜瑞克博士發現這兩種不同的「心智」

lead to very different behaviors and results.

會導致非常不一樣的態度和結果

In a study she did with Dr. Lisa Blackwell,

在一個她和莉莎·布萊克威爾博士所做的研究中

several hundreds seventh graders were surveyed to determine

有數百名的國一學生被做過調查

which mindset each student had, and then they were tracked for two years.

以判定每個學生所具有的心智，然後他們被追蹤長達兩年

Results showed that the students with a growth mindset,

研究的結果指出，具有成長型思維模式的學生

those who thought they could change their own intelligence

也就是那些認為他們自己的智力是可以變動的

While those with a fixed mindset did not.

而那些具有固定型思維的學生卻沒有太多變化

You can see the trend, the gap in performance

你可以看到這個趨勢，兩者表現的差距

The difference between these two groups: a different perspective on intelligence.

這兩組之間的差異：不同的觀點來看待智力

Other studies have shown similar effects for our mindset about other abilities

更有研究也指出，我們的心智對於其它的才能也有類似的影響

like problem solving, playing sports, managing people,

像是解決問題、從事體育活動、管理用人

or anything else you'd like, dancing La Macarena.

或是任何你喜歡的事物，跳瑪卡蓮娜

The key to success is not simply effort, or focus, or resilience,

成功的關鍵不單單只是努力，或者是專注，又或者是韌性

but it is the growth mindset that creates them,

而是成長型的思維模式創造了這些成功要素

Research shows that when we directly try to build grit or persistence,

研究顯示，當我們很直接的試著去建立恆毅力或是堅持力時

it's not nearly as effective as addressing the mindset that underlies them.

它的效果並不如直接針對彰顯這些特點的心智

How many of us think of ourselves as not math people, or creative,

我們有多少人認為自己不擅長數學、或是沒創造力

or sociable, or athletic, or conversely, that we are naturals?

又或是不善交際、還是沒運動天賦，或者反過來說，我們就只是普通人？

If we are to fulfill our potential, we have to start thinking differently.

如果我們要發揮自己的潛能，我們就必需要開始有不一樣的思維

We have to realize that we are not chained to our current capabilities.

我們必須明白，自己不能被現有的個人能耐所束縛

Neuroscience shows the brain is very malleable.

神經科學顯示，大腦的可塑性很強

And we can change our own ability to think and to perform.

而且我們是可以改變自己思考和表現的能力

In fact, many of the most accomplished people of our era

事實上，許多這個世代最傑出的人士

were thought of, by experts, to have no future.

都被專家認定是沒有任何前途的

People like Charles Darwin, Lucille Ball, Marcel Proust, and many others.

像是查爾斯·達爾文、露西兒·鮑爾、馬塞爾·普魯斯特等人

But they, along with all great achievers from Mozart to Einstein,

但他們，和所有從莫扎特到愛因斯坦之間功成名就的偉人

But the key insight that I would like you to walk away with today

不過我希望你們今天能帶走的重要觀點

when we realize we can change our own abilities,

當我們意識到我們可以改變自己的個人能力

when we have a growth mindset, we bring our game to new levels.

當我們具有成長型的思維模式時，我們便能百尺竿頭，更進一步

所以成長型的思維模式是如何改變我們呢？

It turns out that there are physiological manifestations to mindset.

事實證明，心智會有不同的生理的徵兆

Brain scans show that for people with a fixed mindset,

腦部的掃描顯示，那些有固定型思維模式的人

the brain becomes most active when receiving information

about how the person performed such as a grade or a score.

接收關於各人表現的資訊時，例如成績或是分數

But for people with a growth mindset, the brain becomes most active

但有成長型思維模式的人，大腦變得最活躍的時後是在

when receiving information about what they could do better next time.

接收關於未來該如何改善的資訊時

people with a fixed mindset worry the most about how they are judged,

固定型思維的人，最擔心的就是他們是如何被評判的

while those with a growth mindset focus the most on learning.

而成長型思維的人則注重在學習

還有其它心智不同所導致的結果

people with a fixed mindset see effort as a bad thing,

有固定型思維的人認為努力是一件壞事

something that only people with low capabilities need,

while those with a growth mindset see effort as what makes us smart,

而有成長型思維的人則認為努力能使我們變聰明

And when they hit a setback or a failure,

people with a fixed mindset tend to conclude that they are incapable.

有固定型思維的人，會傾向斷定自己無法勝任

So to protect their ego, they lose interest or withdraw.

因此，這些人為了保有自己的自尊，他們會失去興趣或閃躲逃避

但背後的原因其實是固定型的思維模式

understand that setbacks are part of growth.

So when they hit one, they find a way around it.

所以當他們遇到時，他們會找到解決之道

Like Josh Waitzkin did when he lost in chess or in martial arts.

就像是喬希．維茲勤在西洋棋或是在武術輸掉時所做的

Research clearly shows these effects of mindset.

研究很明確的指出這些心智所產生的影響

In one study Dr. Dweck did with Dr. Claudia Mueller,

在一個杜瑞克博士和克勞蒂亞·繆勒博士所作的研究中

"Wow, that's a really good score, you must be smart at this."

「哇，這是一個非常不錯的成積，你一定是這方面的天才」

because it portrays intelligence or abilities as a fixed quality.

因為它用確切的特性來勾勒出智力或能力