experiments. But they're not really formal arguments typically. They're stories. They're

little fables. In fact, I think they're similar to Aesop's fables in that they're supposed

to have a moral. They're supposed to teach us something. And what they do is they lead

the audience to an intuition, a conclusion, where you sort of pound your fist on the table

and you say, "Oh yeah, it's gotta be that way, doesn't it." And if it achieves that

then it's pumped the intuition that was designed to pump. These are persuasion machines. Little

persuasion machines that philosophers have been using for several thousand years.

I think that intuition pumps are particularly valuable when there's confusion about just

what the right questions are and what the right -- what matters. What matters to answer

the question. I think we're all pretty good at using examples to think about things and

intuition pumps are usually rather vivid examples from which you're supposed to draw a very

general moral. And they come up in many walks of life. Anytime you're puzzled or confused

about what to do next or whether something's true or false, you might cast about for an

intuition pump that could help you.

When I first coined the term intuition pump, that's when Doug Hofstadter and I were working

on the Mind's Eye which has lots of intuition pumps, lots of thought experiments in it.

And Doug came up with a great metaphor. He said, "What you want to do with any of these

intuition pumps is twiddle all the knobs. Turn the knobs, see what makes it work." Now

this is actually something that we're familiar with from other parts of our lives. If there's

a gadget and you want to know what it does, turn the knobs, see what happens, see what

the moving parts do. So I encourage everybody to not just to take an intuition pump as it's

handed to them but look at the moving parts. See what makes it tick. Try to figure out

what if I adjust this, will it still pump the same intuition? Will it still yield the

same punitive conclusion or will the whole thing fall apart?

And it's interesting to see that a lot of times philosophers will make an intuition

pump which seems to do great work until you start turning the knobs and then you realize

that it actually depends on your not thinking clearly about some aspect of the problem.

Then you expose it as not a good intuition pump but as actually a sort of negative one.

I call them boom crutches because they explode

in your face.