Name: 羅馬帝國的衰落...在15世紀。世界歷史速成班#12 (Fall of The Roman Empire...in the 15th Century: Crash Course World History #12)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T04:22:32.000Z
Duration: 12 min 44 s
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Hi there, my name’s John Green, this is crash course: world history, and today we’re

Mr. Green, Mr. Green, Mr. Green! Who’s that pretty lady?

That lady, me-from-the-past, is Emperor Justinian. We’ll get to him in a minute.

How and when Rome fell remains the subject of considerable historical debate—

but today I’m going to argue that the Rome didn’t really fully fall until the middle

But first, let me introduce you to The Traditional View:

Barbarians at the Gates. My, don’t you look traditional?

If you want to be really technical about it, the city of Rome was

conquered by bar bar bar barbarians in 476 CE.

There was a last Roman Emperor Romulus Augustus, who ruled the empire for less than a year

before being deposed and sent into exile by Odoacer,

who was some kind of barbarian- we don’t know for sure.

Ostrogoth, Hun, Visigoth, Vandals; they all looked the same to the Romans.

Rome had been sacked by barbarians before, most notably by Alaric the Visigoth in 410-

Is it Uh-lar-ick or Uh-lair-ick? The dictionary says Uh-lair-ick but

The Vampire Diaries say Uh-lar-ick so I’m going to go with Uh-lar-ick.

But anyway, after 476, there was never again a “Roman” emperor in Rome.

Then there’s the hipper anti-imperialistic argument—

that’s nice, but if you really want to go full hipster

you should probably deny that you’re being hipst—

Rome was doomed to fall as soon as it spread outside of Italy

because the further the territory is from the capital,

Thus imperialism itself sowed the seeds of destruction in Rome.

This was the argument put forth by the Roman historian Tacitus,

although he put it in the mouth of a British chieftain.

That sounded dirty, but it’s not, it’s all about context here on Crash Course:

"To robbery, slaughter, plunder, they give the lying name of empire; they make a desert

There are two ways to overcome this governance problem:

First, you rule with the proverbial topaz fist—

that’s not the proverb? Really, Stan? It’s an iron fist? But topaz is much harder

than iron. Don’t these people know their Mohs scale

Regardless, the Romans couldn’t do this because their

whole identity was wrapped up in an idea of justice that precluded indiscriminate violence.

The other strategy is to try to incorporate conquered people into the empire more fully:

This worked really well in the early days of the Republic

and even at the beginning of the Empire. But it eventually led to

The decline of the legions started long before Rome started getting sacked.

It really began with the extremely bad decision to incorporate Germanic warriors into the

Rome had a long history of absorbing people from the empire’s fringes into the polity

first by making them allies and then eventually by granting them full citizenship

But usually these “foreign” citizens had developed ties to Rome itself;

they learned Latin, they bought into the whole idea of the aristocratic republic.

But by the 3rd and 4th centuries CE, though, the empire had been forced to

allow the kind of riffraff into their army who didn’t really care about the idea of

Rome itself. They were only loyal to their commanders.

—And as you no doubt remember from the historical examples of

Caesar, Pompey, Marius, contemporary Afghanistan— this is not a recipe for domestic bliss.

So here is Rome, stuck with a bunch of expensive and bloody

wars against Germanic peoples who were really good at fighting

and then they had a great idea: Why not fight with these guys?

So they essentially hired them and soon the Roman Legions were teeming with

these mercenaries who were loyal mostly to gold,

secondarily to their commanders, and not at all to Rome

which is a place that very few of them ever even saw.

I mean, why would they give a crap about the health and well-being of the empire?

This was of course a recipe for civil war, and that’s exactly what happened with general

after general after general declaring himself Emperor of Rome.

So there was very little stability in the West.

For instance, between 235 and 284 CE, 41 different people were either emperor or claimed to be

And after the year 200, many of the generals who were powerful enough

to proclaim themselves emperors weren’t even Roman.

In fact, a lot of them didn’t speak much Latin.

Oddly enough, one of the best symbols of the new face of the Roman Empire was sartorial.

Instead of the traditional tunic and toga of the glory days of the Senate,

most of the new general-emperors adopted that most practical and most barbaric of garments:

Oh, which reminds me, it’s time for the Open Letter.

Although you eventually became a symbol of patriarchal oppression,

in your early days you were worn by both men and women.

And in the days of the Roman Republic, they hated you.

They thought you barbarous. They thought that people wearing you was

the definition of people lacking civilization.

They ventured north and the wind blew up through their togas

And there’s a history lesson in that, pants, which is that when people have to choose between

civilization and warm genitals, they choose warm genitals.

And now a note from our sponsor: Today’s episode of crash course is brought

o you by the all-new Oldsmobile Byzantium,

mixing power and luxury in a way- Really? Oldsmobile isn’t a company anymore?

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羅馬帝國的衰落...在15世紀。世界歷史速成班#12 (Fall of The Roman Empire...in the 15th Century: Crash Course World History #12)

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