So what exactly is in makeup products, and should we trust these substances that we apply to our bodies?

到底化妝品內含有什麼成份，以及我們是否該相信這些我們塗抹在臉上的東西呢？

Could makeup actually be bad for you?

化妝是否對你有害呢？

Historically, ancient Egyptians would grind up a mineral substance containing primarily lead sulphide to rim around their eyes, creating the sultry Cleopatra look.

歷史上，古埃及人會將含有硫化鉛的礦物質磨碎再塗抹於眼睛周圍，製造出埃及豔后的妝容。

Little did they know that lead is a potent neurotoxin, which can lead to learning and behavioural difficulties in children and decrease fertility in both men and women.

但他們不知道的，鉛是一種劇烈的神經毒素，會導致幼童學習和行為困難且降低男性及女性的生育力。

Later, In 1891, creams, lotions, and blush containing compounds of the radioactive element radium were also sold to women in Europe,

後來，在 1891 年，有人把含有放射性元素——鐳的化合物做成乳霜、乳液和腮紅賣給了歐洲的女性，

promising a youthful glow—until the harmful effects of exposure to radioactivity was discovered, that is.

聲稱用了之後氣色會變得更年輕，直到被發現鐳對人體有害才停止流通。

But makeup has come a long way, and now there are only trace amounts of lead found in our products.

不過，化妝品歷經多年進化，現在產品內只有少量的鉛。

Lead is found in nature and is therefore an unintentional contaminant from the manufacturing process.

鉛來自於大自然，所以製造過程中會無意間造成污染。

An FDA study of 400 tubes of lipstick found concentrations ranged from 0.026ppm to 7.19ppm of lead, which is under Health Canada's limits of 10 ppm.

美國食品藥品監督管理局曾對 400 支口紅進行調查，發現這些口紅的鉛含量介於 0.026 ppm 到 7.19 ppm，低於加拿大衛生部規定的 10 ppm 限制。

Lipstick is about 47% oils, 36% pigments, 17% waxes and 5% other components including preservatives.

口紅的成分為大約 47% 的油、36% 的顏料、17% 的蠟及 5% 其他成份，像是防腐劑。

The oils are primarily castor oils, extracted from a bean which contains the protein ricin—one of the most toxic substances on this planet which has been used as a biological weapon.

口紅使用的油是蓖麻油，這種油是從含有蓖麻毒素的豆中萃取出來的，也是其中一個被用來製造生化武器的劇毒物質。

However, the process of extracting castor oil involves heating, thereby denaturing ricin and rendering it inactive.

但是，萃取出蓖麻油的過程包含加熱的動作，使蓖麻毒素變質並處於非活動狀態。

Pigments now use synthetic dyes due to cost and production efficiencies, although traditionally, red pigments were extracted from dried and crushed cochineal insects.

為了節省成本和提高生產效率，現在製造商都是用合成染料生產口紅，雖然傳統上，紅色的顏料是從死掉的胭脂蟲中萃取出來的。

Some blue pigments are created with ferric ferrocyanide.

有些藍色的顏料是用亞鐵氰化鐵製作的。

Cyanide is extremely deadly, however, in this compound structure, cyanide has a very strong bond to iron.

氰化物含有致命的危險性，但在這個化合物的結構當中，氰化物與鐵產生強而有力的連結。

As a result, it is unable to come apart to poison us by eye shadow.

因此，氰化物無法脫離鐵留在眼影裡來毒害我們。

When it comes to mascara, we recommend tossing the tube after three months of opening.

說到睫毛膏，我們建議打開使用後三個月就要丟棄。

Harmful bacteria of the Streptococcus species and certain fungi were discovered thriving in 36.4% of mascara tubes.

36.4% 的睫毛膏被發現含有鏈球菌屬的有害細菌和某些真菌。

And this is especially important for contact lens wearers, as bacteria can easily enter the micro abrasions caused by the lens itself.

戴隱形眼鏡的人要特別注意這項提醒，因為細菌可以輕易地躲藏在隱形眼鏡的微小磨損處。

Parabens have been a big concern as well as they're in a myriad of cosmetic products.

對羥基苯甲酸酯一直都受到極大的關注，因為許多化妝品都含有這個成份。

Paraben works by mimicking estrogen and binding to estrogen receptors.

對羥基苯甲酸酯會模仿雌激素並和雌激素受體結合。

This can cause the expression of genes to be changed and communication within cells to be altered.

這會導致基因表現、細胞之間的溝通產生改變。

Additionally, it can lead to the growth of certain breast cancer cells.

此外，它還可能誘發乳癌的癌細胞滋長。

However, many products are switching to paraben free, and a lot of research still needs to be done in order to reach any definitive conclusions.

很多產品現在都棄用對羥基苯甲酸酯，不過我們還需要進行更多的研究才能作出更準確的結論。

We made a YouTube makeup tutorial parody on AsapTHOUGHT to show the science behind chemicals being used in common makeup products.

我們在 AsapTHOUGHT 的 YouTube 頻道上做了惡搞版的化妝教學影片，幫大家科普化妝品背後的化學知識。

All about looking ridiculous and having some laughs.

科普知識之餘也希望讓大家能放鬆心情。

Check out the parody with the link in the description and subscribe for more weekly science videos.

惡搞化妝教學影片的連結在資訊欄，訂閱我們的頻道收看我們每週更新的科學教育影片。