Name: 如何增加詞彙量--------------------------------學習外語 (How to Increase Vocabulary - Studying a Foreign Language)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T06:18:43.000Z
Duration: 10 min 4 s

In this American English pronunciation video, we’re going to go over how to increase your

在這部美國英語發音影片中，我們將會復習如何增加你的詞彙

One of the challenges in learning a foreign language is remembering all of the new vocabulary.

學習外語的其中一個挑戰便是記住所有的新詞彙

In this video, we’re going to go over a few tips for learning new words, and for remembering

在這部影片中，我們將會復習幾個學習和記住新單字的小撇步

First, expose yourself to the language. For example, read. I still learn English words

首先，讓你自己沉浸在語言中。例如：閱讀。我依然藉由閱讀的方式，來學習英語單字

from reading. I find that every couple of months the New York Times uses a word that

我發現每隔幾個月，紐約時報會使用一個單字，

either I’ve never heard before, or that I’ve heard but I’m not totally solid on

那單字不是我從來沒有聽過，就是我有聽過，但不是百分百確定它的意思

the meaning. So I look it up, learn the meaning, and then go back to the sentence and solidify

所以，我查了一下，了解它的意思，然後再回到句子中，加強單字的記憶

it. One good idea is to think of another word that you know that you could replace it with

一個好方法是想出另一個可以替代那句子中的單字

in that sentence. A word that wouldn’t change the meaning. Then say the sentence with that

一個不會改變整句意思的單字。然後，連同單字一起唸出整個句子

word. Tying the new word to a word you already know, and studying it in the context of the

把新單字和你已知的單字搭在一起，從句子中的上下文學習，

If you know my channel, you know it’s a pronunciation channel. Always learn the pronunciation

假如你知道我的頻道，便知道它是一個發音頻道。當你學習新單字時，

when you learn a new word. When you look up a word in the dictionary, the pronunciation

永遠不斷地學習發音。當你在字典裡查找一個單字時，其發音的部份

is always right there. Many online dictionaries also play an audio file so you can hear a

也會顯示在旁。許多線上字典也有音頻文件，你可以聽到

native speaker say the word. Practice it out loud several times.

母語者的真人發音。多次練習大聲說出單字

You want to read at the right level to learn. If it’s too easy, you won’t learn many

閱讀合適的程度才能有效學習。假如程度太低，你無法學到許多新的詞彙單字

new vocabulary words. If it’s too hard, you don’t really get the context because

假如程度太難，你無法理解內容，

there’s too much that you don’t know. Try reading at a level where you look up,

因為有太多你不知道的詞彙。試著閱讀只需要一句最多查一個單字的

As you discover new words in your reading, write them down, along with the meaning and

閱讀過程中發現新單字的話，就把它們寫下來，包含它的意思和上下文容

the context. You can either use a notebook, or flashcards if you prefer that. Make a system

你可以使用筆記本，或是你比較喜歡教學卡片的話，也可以使用那個

that works for you so you know you’re going to actually go back and study the words again.

為自己建立一個之後會確實再回過頭去復習和學習的系統

Most words you won’t remember from just looking it up once.

大部分的單字若只有查過一次的話，是記不太起來的

When you look the word up, look for related words or other forms of the word. For example,

當你查單字時，順便查看相關單字或單字的其他型式。例如：

let’s say you’re learning the word ‘adjust’, which is a verb. You may find in the dictionary

假設你正在學＂adjust＂(「適應；調整」)這個單字，是個動詞。你也許會在字典裡找到

that ‘adjustable’ is an adjective and ‘adjustment’ is a noun. Write these down

＂adjustable＂(「可調整的」) 這個形容詞和＂adjustment＂(「調整」)　這個名詞。把這些字也寫下來

It’s also a good idea to look for one antonym or one synonym. An antonym is a word with

同時查看一個反義詞或同義詞也是個不錯的方式。反義詞是指有著

an opposite meaning, and a synonym is a word with the same or similar meaning. So, let’s

相反意思的單字，而同義詞是指有著相同或類似意思的單字。

say you’re learning the word ‘blurry’. A synonym would be ‘fuzzy’. An antonym

假設你正在學習＂blurry＂(「模糊」) 這個單字。同義詞有＂fuzzy＂（「模糊」）。反義詞

would be ‘clear’. If any of these words are unknown to you, write them down too. You

則有＂clear＂（清楚）。假如這幾個單字你也沒有學過，把它們也寫下來

can find synonyms and antonyms by looking in a thesaurus, like thesaurus.com.

你可以在像是thesaurus.com這種辭典網站裡查尋同義詞和反義詞

Another great way to learn vocabulary is to watch TV, movies, and online videos. But you

另一個學習詞彙的好方法是看電視、電影和線上影片

can’t just sit back, relax, and be entertained. You can do that sometimes, you’re going

但你不能只是坐下來放鬆地享受影片。你有時可以那麼做，

to learn more if you actively participate in learning. When I was in Germany, I watched

但假如你主動地參與學習的話，便能學到更多。當我在德國時，

a lot of TV with my notebook in hand. When I heard a word or phrase that I knew I could

我會一邊看電視，一邊做筆記。當我聽到一個我大概能辬識，

identify but didn’t know the meaning of, I immediately stopped paying attention to

但不知道意思的單字或片語時，我會馬上停止注意電視內容，

the television, or paused what I was watching, and wrote down the word. Then I looked up

或者暫停我正在看的頻道，把單字寫下來。然後，我會查找單字的意思，

the meaning and wrote down the context. It was so easy to remember new words I picked

並寫下內容。這種學習方式，讓我很容易就記住新單字，

up this way because I had the visual of what I had been seeing, I had the visual of the

因為我有實際看到的影像，我有實際寫下來的單字，

word written down, and I practiced out loud several times. The context of the situation

而且我練習大聲說出口好幾次。情境中的上下文，

helped solidify that word or phrase. If you can rewind and watch again, do this, and pay

幫助了加強對單字或片語的記憶。假如你能夠倒帶再看一次，便這麼做，

attention to the pronunciation. Imitate the pronunciation out loud 5 or 6 times. Make

並注意發音部分，大聲模仿它的發音5到6次。

sure you write the pronunciation down, either using IPA or another system that works for

確實把發音寫下來，不論是使用國際音標，或是另一種對你來說有效的系統

This is also great for learning phrases or sequences of words that are frequently used.

學習片語或常使用到的單字序列也是很好的方式

When I was in Germany watching a drama, I heard the phrase: Es tut mir furchtbar leid.

我在德國看戲劇時，我聽到這個片語：＂Es tut mir furchtbar leid＂（德文）

I had never heard this phrase before. I knew ‘es tut mir leid’, which means “I’m

我之前從來沒有聽到過這個片語。我知道＂es tut mir leid＂的意思是「我很抱歉。」，

sorry”, so I recognized the phrase, and I learned a new way to intensify it with ‘furchtbar’.

因此，我認出這個片語，而且學到用＂furchtbar＂這個字來加強語氣：

When you learn a new phrase, write it down. Ok, so what do you do with all of these words

當你學到一個新片語時，把它寫下來。好，那接下來，你該拿寫下來的這些單字和片語怎麼辦呢？

and phrases you’re writing down? By learning them in the context of reading or video, you’re

already helping yourself memorize them. But you’re still going to have to put in some

你已經幫你自己背誦了它們。但你還是要再多下一點功夫

Try to memorize, really solidly memorize, 3-5 words a day. If you have a great memory,

試著去背誦，真的去熟背，一天3到5個單字。假如你有很好的記憶力，

then maybe go for 10. But limit yourself to that.

那就背10個，但不要超過這數字

Tip 1 for memorization: The Laura tip. I’m naming this after my friend who was studying

第一個背誦小撇步：「蘿拉小撇步」。這是用我在國外學習西班牙文的朋友下去命名的

Spanish abroad. Laura would write down and learn four or five new words that she heard

蘿拉會寫下並學習她每天透過對話所聽到的4到5個新單字

in conversation throughout the day. At the end of the day, she would turn them into a

一天結束後，她會把這些新單字編成一首歌

song. This might involve gestures or movements to help her understand. It might contain just

其中也許會涉及到手勢或動作來幫助她理解。也可能只包含單字，

the word, if the gesture was clear, or the word and definition, or the word in a sentence.

如果手勢夠清楚的話，或者單字和定義，或者句子中的單字

Adding music, adding a melody, really helps your brain hold onto information. She taught

加上音樂、加上旋律，真的能幫助你的大腦牢記訊息

me one of her songs and I still remember it, 8 years later. And I wasn’t even trying

她教了我其中一首她編的歌，至今8年後，我仍然還記得。而我當時根本也沒有在學西文

to study Spanish at the time. Let’s come up with an example song. Let’s say you’re

learning the words sprint, deceive, increase, and concern. Your song could go something

假設你正在學習＂sprint＂（衝刺）, ＂deceive＂（欺騙）, ＂increase＂（上升；增加）, and ＂concern＂(關心)這幾個單字

Sprint! Don’t deceive me. Increase. I care because I’m concerned.

「衝啊！別欺騙我。上升。我在乎因為我關心。」

Don’t spend much time on it. It should be short and fun. Sing it 10 or 12 times. Then

別花太多時間在上面。歌曲應該是要潔短有力和有趣。唱個10 或 12次

sing the one from yesterday a few times. Adding motion and melody will help you memorize.

然後唱幾次昨天編的歌。加上手勢和旋律能幫助你背誦

It doesn’t matter at all what the melody is, or even if you’re musical. It will still

不管是何種旋律，或者聽起來美不美妙

Tip 2 for memorization: Repetition and grouping.

第二個背誦小撇步：不斷重覆和分組

Go over your vocabulary words many times. Practice them out loud. Repetition is extremely

復習你的詞彙單字好幾次。練習大聲說出來。不斷重覆是極為重要的

important. If it’s a tough word to pronounce, slow it down, don’t rush: immediately [4x].

假如一個單字很難發音，那就慢慢地說，別太著急：「立即」（說四次）

Put the words in groups and drill the groups together. Then group them differently and

把單字分組，並一起練習組別裡的單字。然後把單字又分到不同的組別，

drill again. For example, if you wrote down 10 words or phrases while watching one episode

再練習一次。例如：假如你寫下正在看的Sopranos （美國影集）其中一集裡的10個單字或片語，

of the Sopranos, practice those words together and think about the episode and the context

把這些字一起練習，聯想到影集，以及每個單字的上下文

for each word. Or, group them by vowel sound in the stressed syllable, for example, furniture,

或者，把它們依重音落在母音上來分組，例如：＂furniture＂（傢俱）、

unearth, burley, return, jury, blurt, curse. These words all had the UR vowel in the stressed

＂unearth＂（挖掘）、 ＂burley＂（伯萊芋葉）、 ＂return＂（返回）、＂ jury＂（陪審團）、 ＂blurt＂（模糊）和 ＂curse＂（詛咒）。這些字的重音都在UR這個母音上

syllable. Or, organize your words by stress: typical, period, numerous, everything, difficult,

或者，依照重音來組織單字：＂typical＂（典型的）、＂period＂（一段時間）、＂numerous＂（許多的）、＂everything＂（每件事）、 ＂ difficult＂（困難的）、

curious, DA-da-da. These were all three-syllable words with stress on the first syllable. Or,

＂curious＂（好奇的）等等。這些都是有三個音節的單字，而且重音都落在第一個音節

organize the words by meaning, grouping together words of similar meaning. Or group them by

或者，用單字意思去分組，把相似意思的單字分在一起。或者，按照你了解單字的程度去分組，

how well you know them, putting words you know really well in one group, words you kind

把你已經很了解的單字放在第一組，

of know in a second group, and words you need a lot of help with in a third group. Creating

把你大概知道的單字放在第二組，然後把你還需要查詢後才知道的單字放在第三組

various groups will help you memorize, and will make drilling vocabulary more engaging.

建立不同的組別將會幫助你背誦，而且能讓練習的詞彙更有參與感

Tip 3: Visualization. When you learn a word, come up with a picture for it, a mini-story

第三個小撇步：視覺化。當你學一個單字時，試著想一個圖片，

in one picture in your mind that makes sense to you. This is a common mnemonic device,

一個你腦袋可以理解的一個圖片裡的迷你故事。這是一個很普遍的幫助記憶裝置，

and you probably used it when learning vocabulary in your own language.

也許當你在學習自己的母語詞彙時，曾用到過這個裝置

So, absorb as much of the language as you can through reading and watching video, or

透過閱讀和觀看影片，盡力吸收語言，

even writing down words from conversation around you. Organize these words in a system

或者甚至把你週遭對話的單字寫下來。用一套你能理解的系統來組織這些單字：

that works for you: maybe a notebook, maybe flashcards. And get creative when memorizing.

也許使用筆記本，或教學卡片。背誦時可以有創意一點

The more often you come back and study your vocabulary words, the more you’ll be able

常回去復習和學習詞彙單字，你便能記得更多，

to remember them and to use them yourself in writing and conversation.

而且能將它們運用在寫作和對話上

Do you have other methods for learning vocabulary? Let me know in the comments below.

你有其他學習詞彙的方法嗎？在下方評論欄留言

Also, I’m happy to tell you that my book, American English Pronunciation, is available

還有，我很高興跟你們分享我的書：＂American English Pronunciation＂，現正販賣中

for purchase. If you want an organized, step-by-step resource to build your American accent, click

假如你想要一個有組織性的、一步一步的資源來建立你的美式發音，按這裡買書

here to get the book. Or, see the description below. I think you’re going to love it.

或者，看下列的描述。我想你會喜歡的

That’s it, and thanks so much for using Rachel’s English.

就這樣，感謝收看「芮秋英語」頻道