and the society that he'd like to see.

及他想看到的社會

(Jacque Fresco) The reason we emphasize machines and technology

(雅克·法斯科) 我們強調機械與科技的理由

is to free man to pursue the higher things.

在於解放人類 以追求更崇高的事物

Machines ought to do the filthy, repetitious, or the boring jobs.

機械應該從事骯髒 枯燥或無聊的工作

It would take ten years to change the surface of the Earth.

可能會花上十年的時間來改變地表

To save our environment, [considering] our stupidity, our conflict,

為了拯救環境且考量到人類的愚蠢 衝突

we've got to reorganize our way of thinking and reconsider our social aims.

我們必須重新組織思維方式並重新考量社會的宗旨

We must put our mind to this as we do to put a man on the moon.

我們必須下定決心做到 如同我們送人類上月球的決心一樣

[Jeff Hoffman, retired NASA astronaut] Like many kids, when I was 6 years old

[傑弗利·霍夫曼教授 美國國家航空暨太空總署 退休太空人] 如同許多孩子 當我6歲時

I dreamed of flying in space. I'm old enough that,

我夢想遨遊於太空中 而且我也夠老了

back then, the only astronauts were Flash Gordon and Buck Rogers.

因為當時的太空人只有「飛俠哥頓和巴克·羅傑斯」

I went on and became a professional astronomer.

然後我努力成為專業的天文學家

I was lucky enough to get selected in the first group of shuttle astronauts.

我也真夠幸運 能入選成為首批的太空人之一

We trained for a long time.

我們經過長期訓練

Of course, you go through many different types of simulators.

當然 也體驗過各種模擬訓練裝置

But when you're actually sitting up there on the rocket,

但當你真的坐在火箭上頭時

you realize that "Hey, this is not the simulator!"

你終於了解到「嘿 這可不是模擬訓練裝置!」

The whole vehicle is shaking a little bit on the pad.

一開始 整台太空梭在發射平台上稍稍震動

Then, you hear this roar down beneath you.

然後你聽到下方傳來的巨大聲響

The whole shuttle tilts forward a little bit.

接著整台太空梭稍微向前傾斜

Then, as it comes back to the vertical position,

當恢復到正常垂直發射的位置後

all of a sudden, Wham! The solid boosters ignite.

突然之間 「砰!」 固態推進器就點火爆發了

There's an incredible vibration and noise.

震動和噪音大到不可思議

For the next two minutes, there is just so much power

接下的兩分鐘內 就是擁有如此強大的推力

that you're sitting on top of.

將你送往天上

I was just holding on, thinking to myself

我只能撐住並想著:

"Whoa! I hope this whole thing holds together."

「哇喔! 只希望整架太空梭不會解體」

Sure enough, it did.

結果當然沒事

By that time, we're looking out the window.

當時我們望向窗外

The blue sky has already turned to the blackness of space.

地球的藍天早已融入宇宙的黑暗

And I can see in the distance the coast of Africa coming up into view.

然後我能看到遙遠的非洲海岸納入眼簾

I always remember that feeling on my first flight when I realized:

我總能記得第一次飛行時的了悟之感:

Wow, you're in space!

「哇 你真的在太空中了!」

You see from orbit the sunrises and sunsets

每天你都會從軌道上

16 times every 24 hours.

看到16次的日出和日落

Flying over the Earth at night, in particular

特別是在夜晚飛越地球時

gives you a real sense of human civilization.

你會真正感到人類文明的存在

During the day, you look down and you see the colors of the Earth.

在白天 你低頭看見地球的顏色

You see the forms of the landmass, of the continents.

你看見大陸板塊和各大洲

There's a lot of beautiful things to see during the day.

白天可看見許多美麗的事物

There's also the view of the impact

也有衝擊人心的景象

that humans have had on our planet, and that can be pretty scary.

即人類對地球的有害作為 這可是相當嚇人的

Over the course of 11 years of flying

在11年的飛行生涯中

I watched as the Amazon jungle was continually being deforested.

我看到亞馬遜叢林持續被砍伐

[Rondônia, Brazil 2010 24 years of deforestation]

[2010年 巴西 朗多尼亞州] 經過24年的砍伐

At night, you'd constantly see agricultural burning

晚上你會看到全球各地不斷的農業焚燒

all over the world.

晚上你會看到全球各地不斷的農業焚燒

You could see harbors being silted up.

你能看到港口淤塞

You could see, in Africa, how the tree line would go up every year.

你也能看到非洲的森林線每年都在上升

We know about global warming and what we're doing to the atmosphere.

我們知道全球暖化和人類對大氣層所做的事

That's the other thing you really get a sense of from space

但從太空真的知道地球的大氣有多麼薄弱

is how thin our atmosphere is.

又是另一回事

Basically, the idea that we're seeing this environmental damage

基本上 我們通常只看到人類

on the Earth, created by humans,

在地球上造成的環境破壞

but we see it from a cosmic perspective,

但若從更廣闊的宇宙觀點來看

means that it's just not something that we can ignore.

意味著我們不能輕忽這件事

The planet is responding to the presence of humanity.

因為地球已對人類的存在作出回應了

[Carl Sagan, "Pale Blue Dot", 1994] The Earth is a very small stage

[卡爾·薩根 1994年 《蒼藍小點》] 在廣袤的宇宙空間裡

in a vast cosmic arena.

地球只是極小的舞台

Think of the rivers of blood

想想看那些

spilled by all those generals and emperors

因為將軍帝王們而噴濺的鮮血

so that in glory and triumph

這樣他們才能在勝利榮光中

they can become the momentary masters

成為短暫的主宰者

of a fraction of a dot. [Earth from 3.7 billion miles]

[從370萬英里看地球] 但也只是宇宙中一點的再一小小部份罷了

Think of the endless cruelties visited

想想看造訪人類文明的無盡殘暴歷史

by the inhabitants of one corner of this pixel

來訪者只是這一宇宙小點中的角落居民

on the scarcely distinguishable inhabitants of some other corner.

對其它角落的人而言 幾乎是不可辨識的陌生人

How eager they are to kill one another,

人們是多麼熱衷於自相殘殺

how fervent their hatreds.

憎恨多麼強烈!

Our posturings,

我們的裝模作樣

our imagined self-importance,

我們想像的自我膨脹

the delusion that we have some privileged position in the universe

我們自以為在宇宙中擁有特權位階的幻想

are challenged by this point of pale light.

全都受到這一蒼藍小點的挑戰

Our planet is a lonely speck

在無邊環繞的宇宙黑暗中

in the great enveloping cosmic dark.

地球是孤獨一點

In all this vastness, there is no hint

在這全然的無限中 沒有跡象顯示

that help will come from elsewhere

會有其它地方來的外援

to save us

以拯救我們免於自身的毀滅

from ourselves.

以拯救我們免於自身的毀滅

The Venus Project presents

維納斯計畫出品

THE CHOICE IS OURS

《選擇在於我們》

Documentary film by Roxanne Meadows, Joel Holt Original score by Kat Epple

Roxanne Meadows、Joel Holt、Kat Epple共同原創製作

PART I

第一部份

(Narrator) For the first time, we have the capability, the technology,

人類史上頭一遭 我們擁有必要的能力 科技與知識

and the knowledge to achieve a global society of abundance for all.

為所有人創造一個充滿富足的全球社會

We cannot continue as we are

我們不能再維持現狀了

or the consequences will surely be dire.

否則下場必定淒慘無比

A 2012 UN report states that a global population growth

2012年 聯合國的一份報告說 全球的人口增長

from 7 billion to almost 9 billion is expected by 2040.

到了2040年 預計從70億增加到90億人

Demands for resources will rise exponentially.

對於資源的需求將以指數飆升

By 2030, requirements for food are projected to rise by 50%,

到了2030年 預計對於食物的需求將上升50%

energy by 45%,

能源和水則分別為上升45%和30%

and water by 30%.

能源和水則分別為上升45%和30%

We are presently depleting natural resources

人類掠奪自然資源的速度

50% faster than the planet can renew.

比地球自我更新恢復的能力還快上50%

At this rate, it is estimated that we'll need 3 more planet Earths

照此速率 據估計人類將需要額外的3個地球

to keep up with resource needs as they are today.

才能趕上滿足今日資源需求的程度

What is the sixth extinction?

第六次物種大滅絕是啥?

Is it happening right now? What's the cause of it?

現在就發生了?原因為何?

What we, as human beings, are doing to the planet

我們人類正在對地球做的事

is changing the basic conditions of life

以非常激烈和迅速的方式

very dramatically and very rapidly.

正在改變各種生物的生存條件和環境

(Narrator) And yet, from environmental disaster to war,

然而 儘管受到自然災難和戰爭的侵襲

our obsolete value systems perpetuate insanity,

我們過時的價值觀體系 卻仍不斷滋養著瘋狂

threatening us on many fronts.

在各方面都威脅著人類

Is it the best we can do to just clean up after the fact?

最好的狀況 永遠只能是事後才收拾爛攤子嗎?

Are politicians capable or even competent to manage the world around us?

政客真有能力來治理 管理我們周遭的世界?

(Gordon Brown) Let me explain.

(戈登·布朗 英國首相) 讓我解釋一下!

Order! The prime minister.

首相 請保持秩序!

(Narrator) Are we simply incapable of anticipating

人類真的無法預測並規劃未來?

and planning for our future?

人類真的無法預測並規劃未來?

Are we innately flawed in ways we can't change?

人類真的有無法改變的先天人性缺陷?

(Journalist) Why not just use firing squads? - Aim!

(記者) 何不一槍斃命就好? -瞄準!

(Narrator) We often hear that human nature is fixed...

我們常聽到「本性難改」...

It's only human nature!

就只有人性啦!

...and our worst qualities are inborn.

...而且最差的人類特質都是「天生的」

- How are they gonna stop being criminals? - Oh, nonsense!

-他們怎樣才能停止犯罪? -喔! 胡說八道!

They were born that way and there is no use trying to change them.

他們天生就是罪犯 嘗試改變他們只是徒勞!

THE DETERMINANTS OF BEHAVIOR

決定行為的因素

[Henry Schlinger Jr., PhD] I think it's difficult to talk about a specific human nature

[亨利．施林格 加州大學心理學系博士] 我認為談論特定的人性有困難

like we talk about fixed or modal action patterns in nonhuman species.

像是我們會說 在非人類的物種身上有固定的行為模式

But clearly in humans, learning plays the major role.

但在人類身上 「學習」顯然扮演主要角色

In fact, I refer to humans as 'the learning animal',

事實上 我將人類視為一種「學習型動物」

because humans learn more than any other animal.

因為人類學的東西比其它動物都還多

(Narrator) And yet, considering our history of aggression,

然而 看看人類的侵略歷史

warlike tendencies,

戰爭傾向

jealousies and hatred...

嫉妒與憎恨...

(US soldier) Keep shootin'

(美國士兵) 繼續射擊!

(Narrator) ...we still have much to learn.

...我們仍然要學習很多東西

One would think it impossible to simply overlook

一個人會認為 全然忽略人類成長浸淫的環境是不可能的

the conditions we're immersed in.

一個人會認為 全然忽略人類成長浸淫的環境是不可能的

(Jacque) The culture doesn't know any better.

(雅克) 人類的「文化」沒有比較厲害

They don't know what forces are involved in shaping human behavior.

大多數人不知何種力量型塑了人類行為

Therefore, they invent their own concept

因此他們幻想出自己的觀念

and project their own values into human behavior

並投射自己的價值觀到人類行為上

and say that's human nature.

然後再靠北該該叫:「這就是人性啦!」

That's where they're wrong.

這就是大錯特錯的地方!

(Henry) Right now we have an explosion of technologies in our culture.

(亨利) 我們現在的文化中充斥著各種科技

I think many people think that technology is going to save us.

我想許多人會認為科技將拯救我們

Certainly technology has made our lives easier in many respects.

而科技確實在許多方面 帶給我們更便利的生活

- Find parking space. - Parking space found.

-尋找停車空間 -已找到

Sometimes it's good; sometimes it's not so good.

而科技的影響時好時壞

(Journalist) Drones armed with Hellfire missiles...

(記者) 裝載著地獄火飛彈的無人機...

How would you like to get paid to spy on your neighbors?

你喜歡付錢去監視你的鄰居嗎?

There's one technology that we don't have, that we sorely need

我們若想真正改變 那麼就有一種我們急需

if we're going to really change, and that's the technology of behavior.

但目前還未有的科技 那就是「行為的科技」

The science of behavior needs to be applied like the sciences of physics,

行為的科學必須像一直應用物理 化學 生物那樣

chemistry, and biology have been.

行為的科學必須像一直應用物理 化學 生物那樣

That's that one missing ingredient in our culture.

這正是我們文化中欠缺的一塊拼圖

And that's the toughest one because

但這也是最困難克服的地方

it opposes the way that most people think about themselves.

因為大多數人仍只會主張:「問題在人性啦!」

(Narrator) Examining human behavior in the same manner

用檢視任何其它物理現象的態度

as any other physical phenomenon

去檢驗人類行為

will enable us to understand the factors responsible for shaping

將讓我們理解型塑人類的態度和行為的因素

our attitudes and our conduct.

將讓我們理解型塑人類的態度和行為的因素

(Henry) All natural scientists assume that their subject matters

(亨利) 所有的自然科學家皆假設 其研究主題

are lawful and orderly. If they're not, then you can't do science.

是有規律和秩序的 若無 則稱不上科學

Behavioral scientists assume that human behavior and

行為科學家也假設人類與其它有機體的行為 同樣也是有規律和秩序的

the behavior of other organisms is also lawful and orderly.

行為科學家也假設人類與其它有機體的行為 同樣也是有規律和秩序的

To not assume that means that you accept that

若不這樣假設 這表示你接受如下觀點:

human behavior is somehow separate from the rest of nature.

人類行為不知怎樣 就是與大自然的規律不同

We don't make that assumption. We make the assumption

我們不如此假設 我們假設:

that human behavior is part of nature.

人類行為是大自然的一部份

(Narrator) Human behavior is just as lawful as everything else.

人類行為就像其它所有事物一樣具有規律

(Jacque) The sunflower does not turn to the sun.

(雅克) 向日葵並不轉向太陽

The sun makes it turn

太陽透過吸引其細胞膜使之轉向

by pulling in membranes.

太陽透過吸引其細胞膜使之轉向

A sailboat cannot sail. The wind moves it.

帆船不會無端行駛 而是風力推動它

Plants can't grow. They are shoved

植物不會自己生長

by sunshine, soil, temperature, all kinds of things.

陽光 土壤 溫度和所有必要因素滋養著植物

All things are shoved by something else.

萬事萬物都由其它事物所驅動

All people are acted upon by other things.

所有人類的行動皆受其它事物影響

Remember, your mother said "cup, table, light

記住 你的母親會說:「杯子 桌子 燈光

papa, mama" over and over again until you did the same thing.

爸爸 媽媽」 不斷重複 直到你記住它們

Even race hatred is learned.

甚至連種族憎恨也是學來的

(Announcer) ... as the ideals of intolerance and racial superiority

...隨著將零容忍的態度和種族優越感教給下一代

are taught to succeeding generations.

...隨著將零容忍的態度和種族優越感教給下一代

You could be brought up to hate Afro-Americans.

你很可能從小就被教導去憎恨美國黑人

You could be brought up to hate Jews, Swedes, all kinds of people.

你可能被教導去憎恨猶太人 瑞典人和所有其它人種

- I hate Philippinos,

我恨菲律賓人

I hate Mexicans,

我恨墨西哥人

I hate them all!

我恨他們所有人!

We could raise a Jewish boy in a Nazi culture.

我們若能將一位猶太人在納粹文化中撫養

He becomes a good Nazi.

他就會變成一位好納粹

A PRIME EFFECTOR ?

決定行為的主要因素?

(Narrator) Mechanical processes are based upon many interacting systems.

機械式的過程是根據許多互動的系統

- What you got there, son? - A plane.

-兒子 你拿到什麼了? -一架玩具飛機

What makes it fly? Is it the propeller?

什麼東西讓飛機飛起來? 螺旋槳?

- The propeller is not going to turn unless you have the motor, right?

-若沒有馬達 螺旋槳也不會轉動 對吧?

- So, it's the motor? - But the motor needs fuel.

-所以關鍵是馬達? -但馬達需要燃料

- So I'm guessing it's the fuel that makes it fly.

-所以我猜是燃料讓飛機飛起來?

- Almost, but if you don't have the spark plugs,

-差不多 但你若沒有火星塞

and the oxygen, the fuel's not going to burn.

和氧氣 燃料也燒不起來

- So it's spark plugs and oxygen?

-所以關鍵是火星塞和氧氣?

- You would think so, but actually, even with all that working,

-你或許會這樣想 但事實上即使這些東西都在運作

if you don't have the wings and control surfaces to give it lift

但你若沒有機翼並控制其表面使之飛升

it will never get off the ground.

飛機也絕不會離開地面

- So it's the wings and control surfaces that make it fly?

-所以是機翼和控制其表面讓飛機起飛?

- Actually, it's all the above, son. It's a complicated machine.

-實際上 是綜上所述的一切 這是一台複雜的機器

It needs all these things working together to make the plane fly.

需要所有這些元素一起運作 才能讓飛機飛起來

That's a lot like other technologies and even human behavior.

這就像許多其它科技 甚至人類行為亦如此

- So it's all those things that make it fly. - Exactly, kiddo!

-所以是所有這些東西讓飛機飛? -沒錯 孩子!

(Narrator) Just like mechanical systems, our behavior

就像機械系統 人類行為

has no single cause.

並無單一原因

- God gives people good blood and bad blood, and there's an end to it.

上帝給予人們好的血統與壞的血統 就是這樣無法改變

(Narrator) Our behavior is generated by the many interacting variables

人類行為因為所遇到的各種互動變數而產生

that we encounter.

人類行為因為所遇到的各種互動變數而產生

(Henry) The environment can never be the same for any two individuals.

(亨利) 對於任意的兩個人而言 環境不可能一樣

That really counters claims that people make when they say

這種想法確實挑戰了人們的慣常主張:

"I have three children. They were all raised

「我有三位小孩 都在同樣環境中

in the same environment, but they all turned out so different."

撫養長大 但最後性格都不同」

Well, by that definition, the same environment

呃 照那樣的定義 「相同的環境」

refers to the house they lived in or the parents they had.

意指一起居住的房子與共有的父母而已

(Jacque) There's no such thing as 'the same environment'.

(雅克) 沒有「同樣的環境」這種事

If you have two kids, one is 4 years old and you play with him,

如果你有兩位小孩 一位四歲並與之玩耍

and the 7 year old is standing there with that lower lip sticking out.

然後另一位七歲的小孩站在別處 嘟著嘴唇

You say "What's the matter?" and the kid goes like that.

你問:「怎麼了?」 小孩只會搖頭聳肩

You're making jealousy and envy. That's where it comes from.

所以嫉妒產生了 原因就在這

(Henry) But from a scientific perspective, the environment really consists

(亨利) 但從科學的觀點而言 環境的組成

of the moment to moment interactions between your behavior

確實包含了你時時刻刻的互動

and those events both inside and outside you.

不論就你內在和外在的行為與事件而言

So, the environment is in constant flux.

所以環境會持續變動

(Jacque) You put the young kid on your lap and the older kid.

(雅克) 你把較年輕和較年長的孩子同時放在膝蓋上

You say "I love you both."

然後說:「我愛你們倆」