Name: 你是什麼人？ (What Are You?)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T06:08:36.000Z
Duration: 6 min 28 s
Description: 【看影片學英語】數萬部 YouTube 影片，搭配英漢字典即點即查，輕鬆掌握單字發音與用法，長久累積看電影不必再看字幕。

But, is there a line where this stops being true?

How much of yourself can you remove before you stop being you,

Your physical existence is cells, trillions of them,

at least ten times more than there are stars in the Milky Way.

A cell is a living being, a machine made of up to 50 thousand different proteins.

It has no consciousness, no will, no purpose; it just is,

Together, your cells form huge structures for jobs like preparing food,

gathering resources, transporting stuff around,

If you extract cells from your body and put them in the right environment,

they will continue to stay alive for a while,

so your cells can exist without you, but you can't exist without them.

If we take all the cells away, there is no "you" anymore.

Is there a line where a pile of your cells stops being you?

For example, if you donate an organ, billions of your cells will continue

Does this mean that a part of you became a part of another person,

or is this other body keeping a part of you alive?

you and a random person from the street exchange cells.

One at a time, your body gets one of their cells;

Would they ever, or is this just a very slow and gross way to teleport you?

The image of ourselves as a static thing is untenable.

Almost all of your cells have to die during your lifetime.

Two hundred and fifty million have died since the beginning of this video, alone,

between one and three million per second.

In a seven-year period, most of your cells are replaced at least once.

Every time your cells' setup changes, you are slightly different than before,

you would have cycled through roughly a million billion cells,

so what you consider yourself is really just a snapshot,

but sometimes, cells are broken and don't want to die

questioning the very nature of the unity of our bodies.

We call them cancer. They cancel the biological social contract

it's a part of you that puts its own survival over yours,

but you could also argue that a cancer cell becomes another entity inside us;

another being that just wants to thrive and survive.

A chilling cell story is that of Henrietta Lacks,

Usually, cells only survived for a few days in the lab,

Over the decades, they were multiplied over and over again

and used for countless research projects saving countless lives.

Henrietta's cells are still alive and overall have been grown to

so there are living parts around the world from someone who has been

What makes one of your cells "you," anyway?

Maybe the information contained in it, your DNA?

Until recently, it was believed that all the cells in your body

Your genome is mobile, changing over time

through mutations and environmental influences.

This is especially the case in your brain.

According to recent discoveries, a single neuron in an adult brain has more than

one thousand mutations in its genetic code that are not present

in the cells surrounding it, but how much "you" is your DNA, really?

About eight percent of the human genome is made up of viruses that once

infected our ancestors and merged with us.

Mitochondria, power plants of the cell, once were bacteria that merged

with the ancestors of your cells. They still have their own DNA.

An average cell has hundreds of them, hundreds of little things that are

not really human, but they still kind of are.

We know that you're made up of trillions of little things

made from more little things that are constantly changing.

Together, all those little things are not static, but dynamic.

Their composition and condition is changing constantly,

so we might just be a self-sustaining pattern without clear borders

that gained self-awareness at some point and now has the ability

to think about itself through time and space,

but really only exists in this exact very moment.

with your conception, when the first human arose,

when life first began conquering our small planet,

or when the elements that make up your body were forged in a star?

Our human brains evolved to deal with absolutes.

The fuzzy borders that make up reality are hard to grasp.

Maybe ideas like beginning and end, life and death, you and me,

are really not absolutes, but ideas belonging to a fluent pattern;

a pattern that is lost in this strange and beautiful universe.

(Shifting to the voice of CGP Grey) The problem of who we are isn't just

a question of ourselves, but it's also a question of our minds.

Just as our cells can be divided and separated from us, so can our very brains

be divided and separated from us while still in the skull.

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