Name: 給未來的資訊 (Messages For The Future)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T06:07:34.000Z
Duration: 22 min 12 s
Description: 【看影片學英語】數萬部 YouTube 影片，搭配英漢字典即點即查，輕鬆掌握單字發音與用法，長久累積看電影不必再看字幕。

Hey, Vsauce. Michael here. This is Earth as seen from Saturn. That is us right there.

情態副詞

And if you look closely, ok, see this little protuberance? That's the Moon.

基礎被動語態

This image was taken by the Cassini spacecraft on July 19th, 2013 at 21:27

Coordinated Universal Time. The thing is, NASA gave the public advanced warning

of when it would be taken, which means that this image of Earth was the first

ever taken from space that some people on Earth were actually posing for. Our planet

looks so small, insignificant, fragile. I recently attended the premiere of Sky

1's upcoming "You, Me and the Apocalypse" with some cool YouTubers and it got me

thinking. In the show, the characters find out that they're only 34 days left before

a comet smashes into Earth that's likely to end humanity. They all react in

different interesting ways, but what would I do if I found out that there

of human history left? Ok, my first priority would be to get back to America to be

But after that? I don't really have a bucket list. Except that is exactly what

I would want to spend my last few weeks doing. Making a list to put in a bucket

that I would then send far out into space away from Earth's impending

vaporization. The list would contain information about us, all Earthlings. So

that if libraries and monuments and YouTube videos were all destroyed, a

of what and who we were. Like a stone thrown into a lake, the ripples your life

causes last long after you vanish, the tree you planted is climbed by future

generations, the books you donated inform future readers. But what if it's not just

your stone that vanishes, but the entire pond? Perhaps it's arrogance or vanity, but

getting cosmic messages in a bottle out there, before the end, diversifies our

archive and gives a better chance for future alien visitors, or whatever is

left of humanity, to find out that we were once here,

to show what we learned. Maybe even to warn future life forms of what we did or what

we didn't prepare for. We have already sent some messages about humanity out

there, beyond Earth, and if Earth is completely destroyed, those messages will

be all that's left of us. What are they? Ok, first things first. How do you write

something for the future? I mean, the distant future. The message might not be

found for millions of years or billions. It might be discovered by an audience

that's completely different, not only in language, but in senses? What if

they can't see or hear or feel or taste or smell like we do, or at all.

What if their bodies destroy the very material we write the message on? What language

do you even write it in? Well, in general, math and physics, which are believed to be the

same everywhere in the universe, have been what we write outer space bound

Like the Arecibo message, written by Frank Drake, Carl Sagan and others, which

was blasted towards the M13 star cluster in 1974. It's composed of a semi prime

number of binary digits conveying some info about us and it should reach the

center-ish of the M13 cluster in about 25,000 years, at which

point, if something intelligent lives there and detects it, they can respond

and their response will return to us another 25,000 years later. We won't be

around for that. But Earth has also been broadcasting its radio and TV signals

into space. Currently it's about 200 light-years in diameter. Compared to the

Milky Way, it's about this big. Aliens within that bubble could tune in and listen to

programs we sent out through our airwaves, but these signals thin out as the

bubble expands. Across very large distances they may be essentially

Maybe a physical time capsule would be more permanent, but it can't be buried on

Earth if Earth is about to be ravaged. A time capsule in orbit might be smart,

like LAGEOS-1, a satellite put into orbit in 1976 that allows for very precise

laser measurements of positions on Earth,  but also contains a plaque designed by Carl Sagan, upon

which is written the numbers 1 to 10 in the binary, and the arrangement of the Earth's continents 250 million years ago,

today and their estimated arrangement in 8.4 million years, which is how long we believe

the satellite's orbit will be stable. Drag caused by the thin atmosphere up where it orbits and

will eventually cause it to fall back down to Earth, but its plaque will serve as a

time capsule - a message from us today to whatever happens to be alive or

8 million years in the future. To put that in perspective, the pyramids

were only built about 5,000 years ago. 8 million years ago, there weren't even

humans on the Earth. The latest common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees was around though.

8 million years from today, when LAGEOS returns, what will intelligent life on

Earth look like? If Earth's surface is barren of life at that point, LAGEOS-1

will be alone. But what about satellites in geostationary orbits? These

orbits are far enough out that they're much safer from atmospheric drag and

could remain above Earth much much longer than satellites like LAGEOS.

These satellites are our pyramids. They're smaller than monuments built by past

civilizations, but impervious to anything that might go wrong on the less stable

surface of our planet. If alien archaeologists come by in a billion

years or so, these satellites may be what their alien encyclopedias use as the

picture for the humans article. So far we have erected about 450

of these geostationary monuments. When such a satellite wears down and

ceases to be operational, it takes a lot of energy to slow it down so it can move

out of the way and fall to Earth to burn up in the atmosphere. So instead, they're

usually pushed into what's known as a graveyard orbit.

A shell around the planet where they can be part without interfering with

important operational satellites. It's fitting that we call these graveyard

orbits because tombs are often the most stunning things we have from previous

civilizations. These graveyard orbits are tombs in a way. Not for kings, but for

machines. Junkyards that will out-exist the very societies and people they so

largely define. Luckily, a few contain more than just our craftsmanship. They

also contain a record, like EchoStar XVI, a communications satellite launched into

geostationary orbit in 2012. Aboard it is a silicon disc created by artist Trevor

Paglen, containing 100 images of Earth and Earthlings. Now, unlike LAGEOS,

EchoStar XVI will likely remain in orbit for billions of years,

safe from discord and change down here. But here's the thing. What if our entire

solar system is lost? Or what if life out there doesn't decide to ever visit our

system? Well, in that case, we have sent interstellar messages. At this moment, so

far, there are 11 distinct human made things on trajectories out of the

solar system into interstellar space. They're all related to five probes.

Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 and New Horizons, the thing

that recently made a Pluto flyby. These objects are our most distant hellos.

Over the next ten thousand, million, billion years, they'll pass close enough

to other star systems, maybe even planets, to possibly be discovered by other

intelligent life forms. We had the foresight to include special messages on

these probes. The Pioneer plaques are attached to Pioneer 10 and 11, which

字幕列表影片播放

給未來的資訊 (Messages For The Future)

period

life

record

system