Name: 10個將改變世界的科學突破。 (10 Scientific Breakthroughs That Will Change The World)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T06:05:25.000Z
Duration: 8 min 59 s
Description: 【看影片學英語】數萬部 YouTube 影片，搭配英漢字典即點即查，輕鬆掌握單字發音與用法，長久累積看電影不必再看字幕。

John: We’re super excited about this edition of AllTime10s because we’re both massive

Dave: Yeah, basically, National Geographic asked us to work with them for their new series,

Breakthrough, and it’s all about the most mind-blowing, bleeding-edge science on the

John: We’ve got real-life Ironman suits, mind control and maybe even limitless energy,

so John and I put together our 10 favorite Scientific Breakthroughs that are going to Change Your Life.

Designed to allow people to carry loads of 16kg, the FORTIS Exoskeleton can reduce muscle

fatigue by 300% and could improve productivity in heavy industries by up to 27 times. The

US navy hopes to use them to improve ship repair and building capabilities. At the same

time, the US military is also developing TALOS, dubbed ‘the Iron Man suit’. They hope

it will be bulletproof, monitor soldiers’ health, and give them super strength. It’s

But it’s not just the military that can benefit from exosuits. The ReWalk is giving

paraplegics the chance to walk again, while the Power Loader can lift over 100kg with

its giant pincers. It’s even been used to clear up disaster zones, such as Fukushima.

In 2014 researchers at a Pennsylvania hospital devised a way to effectively put someone into

suspended animation. Tested on patients with life-threatening injuries, their bodies had

all their blood drained and replaced with a cold saline solution.

The body temperature reaches 10C and almost all cellular activity stops - there is no

blood, no breathing, and no brain activity. They are effectively dead, giving doctors

more time to treat injuries. Once surgery is finished, blood is fed back into the body,

Despite the procedure’s infancy, patients can already be kept in suspended animation

Costing over $300,000, the world’s first lab-grown burger was produced in 2013 and

tasted “close to meat, but not that juicy’. Created from stem cells, the burger consisted

While $300,000 is a lot for one burger, the costs of lab-grown beef could be just $9.10

if mass-produced. Indeed, one piece of muscle can go on to produce 10,000 kilos of meat,

Expected to be commercially viable within the next decade, lab-grown beef would be less

environmentally damaging to produce, free up food supplies normally fed to cows, and

3D printers have the potential to revolutionize medicine, housing, and even space exploration.

Replacement jaws, hips, and backbones have already been printed and used in surgeries.

One woman even had a replacement skull implanted into her head. Within a decade it will be

possible to print a whole heart using the patient’s own cells in transplants.

3D printers could also offer an exceptionally quick and fast method of building housing

- Chinese company WinSun created 10 homes in a single day in 2014. This could provide

affordable housing and also relief in disaster zones, such as areas affected by Hurricane

NASA hopes to use the technology too, in order print a variety of foods, thus enabling long-haul

Geneticist Craig Venter spent 15 years and $40 million to create the world’s first

Using chemicals to assemble 1.1 million letters of genetic code, the team built a bacterial

genome from scratch. Venter has speculated that bacteria could be created which absorb

carbon dioxide, and produce biofuel or even vaccines.

In 2014 biotech company Synthorx went one step further by expanding the genetic code

of life. Instead of the four chemical bases of DNA that make up all known living organisms,

Synthorx added two more. The company has reportedly already created a new form of E.coli never

seen before, and hopes their synthetic life forms will improve medicine.

More than 40% of the world relies on rice and wheat for food, but by the time the human

population reaches 2 billion in 2050, the Earth will be short of 394 million tons of

However, the C4 photosynthesis process captures CO2 and concentrates it in special cells inside

plants’ leaves. Early tests have shown that this can increase the yields of these crucial

According to MIT, this genetic advancement should be available in the next 10 to 15 years,

In 2015 Chinese scientists genetically modified human embryos for the first time in history.

Researchers used 86 embryos, successfully editing out a gene that caused a fatal blood

disorder in 28 of them. However, they also caused unintended mutations.

Altering embryos is largely illegal and highly controversial, but gene editing could help

prevent more than 10,000 diseases caused by flaws in DNA - potentially saving millions

It could be used on adults too. They could be made immune to HIV if their blood cells

were modified to give them natural protection.

Physicists at the National Ignition Facility are building a miniature star in the hope

that it will produce clean energy via nuclear fusion.

Unlimited energy should be created when 192 powerful lasers are fired onto a ball of frozen

hydrogen around the size of a grain of sand.

If the blast is controlled and they hit their small target perfectly, this will start a

chain reaction, and the hydrogen ball should ignite into a small, energy-spewing star.

The experiment has cost 3.5 billion dollars so far, but in 2013, for the first time, the

hydrogen fuel gave off more energy than it took in.

32-year-old Russian millionaire, Dmitry Itskov, has offered people the opportunity for immortality

through his holographic 2045 Initiative. The plan is to load low-cost avatars with the

contents of a human brain, consciousness, and personality.

The Avatar Project is described as a ‘four-part attack against death’, with the first milestone

being the creation of a robot that is controlled by the brain. The aim is to have it completed

The final milestone will be a holographic avatar with an artificial brain, loaded with

the personality and intelligence of a person whose human life has ended.

In 2014 scientists used the internet to connect the brains of human subjects in India and

France. One thought of the word ‘hello’, while the other received the information as

flashes of light in their peripheral vision, before it was translated back into the greeting.

Brain-to-brain communication had arrived.

Similar experiments have seen a man control a rat’s tail, while another allowed a person