This is why most people don't dream in text.

那就是為甚麼大部分人做夢都不是藉由文字描述的

Now making images is not only an art

創造圖像不只是藝術

but a visual form of communication

也是一個跟書寫

that it's rich and is complex as written language.

一樣豐富且複雜的溝通視覺型態

The most fundamental way to make an image is to draw one.

創造圖像最基本的方法就是畫圖

Now I've drawn for my entire life

現在我為了我的生計畫圖

I've taught thousands of people to draw

我教上千個人如何畫圖

and I am convinced that drawing is a skill

而且我相信畫圖是一種技能

that is as essential as literacy and numeracy.

跟文學和計算一樣是不可缺少的

Now specifically I'm talking about observational drawing,

我現在講的特別是經過觀察的畫圖

which means to observe something

意思就是觀察事物

and draw an accurate representation of it.

並精準的將它畫下來

Observational drawing is more of a science than an art.

經過觀察的圖畫比藝術來的科學

It requires learning how three dimensional

你需要知道如何創造一個三次元的空間

forms occupy space,

how they interact with light,

他們與光的交互作用

and demands that every attribute of the subject

並且要將所有物體的屬性

be analyzed and recorded.

分析並記錄下來

Now people often assume that

許多人常認為

a good drawing is accurate from it start

一個好的圖畫從一開始就要精確

but this is absolutely not the case.

但完全不是這樣的

The first lines of a drawing are rarely accurate,

畫圖的第一筆幾乎都不精確

so they're drawn lightly

所以下筆很輕

often so lightly they're hardly visible.

輕到幾乎看不到

Light lines can be drawn, evaluated

輕的筆畫可以用來描繪、做參考

and redrawn as many times as necessary

必要時可以重畫好幾次

in order to arrive at an accurate representation.

為的就是要精確的畫出輪廓

This means that drawing trains our minds

意思是畫圖可以訓練我們思考

to view our mistakes

去看到我們的錯誤

as an essential part of a process.

這也是過程中重要的一部分

Too often people experience a sense of

許多人都體驗過那種

shame regarding their mistakes,

面對自己錯誤的羞愧感

but imagine what might have been different in your life

但想像是什麼使你的生活變得不一樣

had your mistakes in any area been viewed as normal, temporary,

讓你學會與一時的錯誤共處

and holding vital clues your eventual success.

並為你最終的目標奠定基礎

Now in addition to being fundamental to drawing

除了畫圖的基本原理

this is also the mindset that is crucial for innovation to occur.

這也是創新需要的重要心態

The ability to innovate is essential

創新的能力是不可或缺的

in a global economy

where almost anything to be commoditized

在這個除了創新，任何東西都能變成商品的全球化市場

except the process of innovation.

In fact new ideas only occur when we take risks

事實上 新的想法只發生在我們冒險

and our failures become productive.

以及我們常常失敗的時候

Drawing habituates that thought process

畫圖讓你習慣思考過程

and bearing it in mind is a perfectly

並且在心裡接受它

natural way of finding solutions.

這是找到解決方法的途徑

Now I often hear people say

現在我常聽有人說

that drawing doesn't have a practical use outside of art design

畫圖對於藝術設計是不切實際的

and I actually agree with one addendum,

其實我在認同之餘還要補充

if you're a human you're a designer.

只要是人都會設計

To design is to analyze and solve problems.

設計就是去分析和解決問題

Limiting ourselves to words and numbers

用文字和數據侷限我們

leaves a gap on our problems solving skill set.

會讓我們缺少解決問題的能力

Human beings have a powerful imagination

人類有極豐富的想像力

that when tempered with a design process

只要受到設計過程的薰陶

can solve almost any problem.

幾乎可以解決任何問題

Drawing is a tool that allows us to visually tap into that imagination

畫圖是一個可以讓們我們看到幻想和抽象事物的工具

and extract ideas so they can be developed.

所以他們是可以培養的

Drawing when combined with language and mathematics

結合語言及數學的圖畫

offers a complete set of tools

會是一個全面性的工具

for solving and exploring creative challenges,

對於解決和發現創造性的挑戰來說

as well as communicating those solutions to others.

跟別人交流這些方法也是一樣

Now in almost every drawing class I've ever taught

幾乎在每一個我的畫圖課堂上

there are students who are convinced that they can't learn to draw

都有覺得自己不會畫圖的學生

because they're not talented.

因為他們認為自己沒有才華

The whole concept of talent is that of a skill-based aristocracy,

這觀念就是: 才華是屬於那些本來就有基本能力的天才

that if we're not born into we're doomed to mediocrity.

如果我們天生不會，我們注定就是平庸

This idea create a dangerous mental block to human capacity.

這種想法產生對於能力的心理障礙

Fortunately researchers are proving that mastering any field

很幸運的有研究證明要精通一個領域

depends much more on passion and practice that innate ability.

靠的是投注更多的熱情和練習在固有的能力上

Just like language and mathematics drawing can be taught

就像語言和數學，只要你肯學習，畫圖是可以被教導的

and while you're learning how to draw,

you may begin to wonder

你或許想知道

what else you are capable up

你還能用這些才華做什麼

to use to assume required talent.

There is a sense that people often get

人們總會產生共鳴

when viewing an old drawing

當看到一幅舊圖畫

that it was done because the camera

那是在相機還未發明前的產物

had not yet been invented.

But the act of drawing is much closer to solving a mathematical equation

畫圖跟解決數學問題是很接近的

than taking a photograph.

相較於攝影

Drawing is an active way of engaging reality

畫圖是以積極的方式

of observing, analyzing and recording it

觀察、分析和記錄現實

with the possibility of reimagining it.

擁有重新成像的可能

40% of our brain is devoted to processing visual information,

我們的大腦有百分之四十負責處理視覺資訊

that's more than all over other senses combined,

那比其它感官知覺的結合還要多

but most people never gain the conscious understanding

但大部分人都沒意識去了解

of how to communicate visually through an image based language

如何用全世界都通用的圖像語言溝通

which is a universal language.

Now in my own life, drawing is how I've made sense of the world,

在我的生活當中，畫圖是我跟世界連結的方式

to borrow from thorough drawing is always been my way

藉由畫圖

of driving life into a corner and reducing it down.

可以讓生活好轉並脫離困境

I would encourage everyone

我鼓勵大家

to participate in this fundamental human experience.

加入這個全然的體驗當中

I'm calling for a widespread visual literacy,

我的使命就是將視覺素養推廣出去，

whether it's on paper, tablet or any other form of technology,

不管是在紙上、筆電或是任何科技產品上，

visual literacy begins with drawing.

視覺素養從畫圖開始

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)