the great philosopher Hagel said, which is he said, "That if there's one thing history

teaches us is that history doesn't teach us anything. People don't learn from history."

So we decided we'd try and learn from history from China a hundred years before the common

era. But then when we finished the book we said well there is actually something about

the future and we'd like to think about three trends that are really important for corporations

to think through, and in particular how their relationship with society is going to work.

And they were first, the ever increasing possibility that artificial intelligence will change the

way in which labor works: how do we communicate with companies? What actually do they do?

Can they do things more perfectly or will they become less human?

We started the discussion by speaking to Tim Berners-Lee. And Tim, rather surprisingly,

said to me well, " Well John, the thing about artificial intelligence is that corporations

are already robots. They're ready robots so there's nothing new here. They behave robotically

and maybe they shouldn't." So I said, "Well I contend that they absolutely shouldn't because

they are part of the human fabric of society." So that was the first thing we talked about.

The second we worried about was the change in the economic center of gravity in the world.

If we go back to the first year after in the common era, 1 A.D., you'd find that the center

of economic gravity in the world was somewhere in the Middle East. And over the last couple

of thousand years it's moved from there to the middle of the Atlantic and now it's moving

back to somewhere in the East. So it moves as countries become more comparatively advantaged,

more educated and things move and therefore values, the way in which companies work, move

again.

And we wanted to make the point that our book is not about pure moral values, it's about

practical attempts to include people into this great endeavor, which is business, which

makes the world better. Because it actually makes people more prosperous; brings people

out of poverty and so forth. So we wanted to do that. And the third thing we said was

that business actually doesn't have a right to be in the world, but it has to solve some

of the very big problems that are facing the world: obesity and the ingestion of too much

sugar; climate change; diseases, chronic diseases that exist; water shortage; pollution. The

list goes on. And we gave a dozen examples of where we thought 30, in order to have the

right to be a company, companies should be focused on, at least in some part of their

brain, solving some of these problems for the future. And it just maybe that artificial

intelligence, the ability to think more broadly, to gain access to more data, to understand

more about it might just lead us to a better solution to some of these extraordinary problems

that have been around a long time, it's just that we now see them with the greater clarity

and indeed they are becoming more and more dangerous, climate change being a prime example

of something becoming more dangerous.