put out a video called "Why You Should Write Down Your Goals," and in that video

上傳了一個影片：「為什麼你們都要寫下目標」。在那個影片中

he recounted a failed marketing stunt/experiment put on by the British television network ITV

他再提起以前英國獨立電視台所拍攝過的失敗節目（ITV指的是Independent Television，是英國第二大無線電視經營商）

where they asked people to publicly commit to goals

他們要人們在大庭廣眾下，宣示他們的目標

and those goals were then etched on to monuments,

然後，在把他們這些目標刻在紀念碑上

and these monuments were placed all around the UK in lots of historic places,

而這些紀念碑則立在許多英國的歷史古蹟中

and they were really excited about punctuating the new millennium with this project,

人們對於這樣有代表性的新節目企劃非常興奮

but after just a couple of years, the television network actually scrapped it

但，就只在幾年後，這個電視網刪掉此節目

because well, nobody cared about it, and it didn't make any money.

因為，你們知道的，沒人會在意這種節目，而且也沒有任何經濟價值

The point of Tom's video though is that the financial failure of this monument project

Tom的影片重點是，雖然這項節目計畫造成財務虧損

didn't stop it from doing some good because as recent research has pointed out,

但，不可否認的是，寫下目標的這件事，的確能有正面影響。因為，最近研究指出

the simple act of writing down your goals

你們寫下目標的這一個簡單動作

really does help you become more likely to achieve them,

實際上能促使你們努力達到目標

so ITV's project, despite its failure,

所以，儘管英國獨立電視台的企劃失敗

most likely did benefit the people who committed to those goals

但，它的確也讓定下目標的人們有所受益

or did it?

不過，這是真的嗎？

See, these people didn't just write down their goals privately,

你們想想看，這些人不只是私下寫下目標而已

they publicly stated them,

他們還向大眾宣示目標

and had someone etch them onto a monument for all to see.

而且還讓人刻印在紀念碑上，讓每個人都能看到

and therein lies the problem, they told someone

因而造成了問題。他們向他人

or rather several thousand someones on national television

或向觀看國家電視的幾千位觀眾面前

what their goals were, and it turns out that

宣示目標。而這樣的結果下，發現

telling people about your goals

告訴他人你們的目標

actually does you more harm than good.

實際上，反而是帶來了反效果

Now maybe this is confusing to you, after all,

現在，你們可能都不能理解為什麼。畢竟

accountability and stuff, right?

告訴別人目標像是負起一個責任制。對吧？

Won't telling my friend about my goal

那如果我沒對我朋友宣示：我的目標是

to run a marathon make me accountable to them?

跑馬拉松，這樣對他們來說我能是位負責任的人？

Well, in one word, nope.

恩，錯！

Unfortunately, that's usually not how it works.

不是這樣說的

Here's the thing, most of your friends won't

事情是這樣的 ，你們大多數的朋友都不會

care enough to actually keep you accountable.

在意你們是不是真的會負起責任

They'll pat you on the back. They'll give you some congratulations on your goal,

他們只是會拍拍你們的背來恭賀你們有所目標

but most of them are too busy dealing with their own lives

但，他們大部分都只是忙著計畫

to break into your house at four am with a boombox playing "Eye of the Tiger."

怎麼在清晨四點帶著播放「Eye of the Tiger」（老虎之眼由Survivor生存者合唱團所唱）的音箱來突擊你們的家

Unless you're me.

除非你們像我一樣負責

More importantly, announcing your goal widens your intention-behavior gap

更重要的是，宣示你們的目標會使你們的行為意圖有所區隔

which is the disconnect between knowing you should do something and actually doing it.

因為這樣的宣示會讓你們的認知，區隔為實踐的動力和已經實現的錯覺

Now psychologists have been studying the intention-behavior gap since the 1920s,

自從1920年，心理學家一直在研究這種行為實踐的間隔

and what they've learned is basically, we humans,

而他們研究得出我們作為人類

we like to dream a lot.

我們非常喜愛作夢

We've got tons and tons of dreams, aspirations, goals and fantasies,

我們有無數的夢、抱負、目標、和幻想

and we're usually smart enough to

而且我們通常也都很聰明

know what the first step is in order to achieving that goal.

知道第一步要怎麼做，來達到目標

Unfortunately, we often have trouble actually taking that first step,

不幸的是，我們時常無法踏出第一步

to say nothing of continuing on to the next ones.

而不再有所努力

Being aware of this fact, in 2009 a group of researchers at NYU

在2009年，一組來自紐約大學的研究員，得知這樣的結果

decided to study how the intention-behavior gap was affected by people telling others about their goals,

而立志要來研究，在人們宣示目標後，他們的行為實踐的間隔是怎麼構成

and across four different experiments they had people first state a goal,

有四種實驗。他們要每個人寫下目標

and then they gave them 45 minutes to work on it.

在給他們45分鐘的時間來實踐

For each of these experiments, the people were divided into two different groups.

在每一個實驗中，分為兩組

The first group announced their goal to the room before starting work

第一組人在開始實踐前，宣示目標

while the second group kept their mouth shut,

而第二組人則把目標存放在心中

and here's what happened.

最後研究發現

The group that said nothing

第二組把目標放在心中的人

tended to work for the entire 45 minutes on average,

平均都能在整整45分鐘都努力著

and when asked about their progress,

而問他們的進度時

they were pretty realistic.

他們能較為實際

They tended to say that they still had a lot more work to do before they'd be done.

他們在達到目標之前，都會認為自己還需要付出更多的努力

By contrast, the people who announced their goals

相對而言，另一組宣示目標的人

quit after only 33 minutes of work on average,

在平均工作33分鐘後就放棄

and when they were asked about their progress,

而問到他們的進度時

they were a lot more confident,

他們則會很有自信的說

and tended to say they were pretty close to completion,

他們就快完成了

even though they weren't.

即使他們還離目標很遠

These latter groups made so much less real progress

後來的團隊也沒有所成就

because announcing their goal gave them a fake sense of accomplishment.

因為宣示他們的目標，會讓他們產生已實現的錯覺

See, when you announce your goal to somebody,

想想看，當你們對他人宣示目標時

and they affirm it, you feel good.

他們會對你們讚賞表示支持，你們會因而感到滿足

You almost feel like you've actually taken a step towards achieving that goal,

而幾乎會使你們都認為自己已經對目標有所實現

and that gives you some small sense of satisfaction.

促使你們感到一絲的滿足感

This is called a social reality.

這就是所謂的社會現實

The affirmation of your goal by somebody whose respect you desire

你們的目標得到一位你們既尊敬又崇拜的人認同

actually makes you feel like you are closer to achieving it,

實際上會讓你們感到快實現的錯覺

even though in reality, you haven't done anything.

即使在現實生活中，你們還未有所行動

Now I first heard about this study in a TED talk

我頭一次聽到這個研究是從TED的演講

given by the entrepreneur Derek Sivers, who I have massive amounts of respect for,

由一位我非常尊敬的企業家Derek Sivers所演講的

and after presenting the research findings in the talk, here was his advice:

在他講述完這樣的研究結果後，他給了個建議：

You should, "Resist the temptation to announce your goal,

你們應該要「忍住那種想宣告目標的誘惑、

delay the gratification that the social acknowledgement brings,

拖延別人讚美你的滿足感、

and understand that your mind mistakes the talking for the doing."

而且你們還要知道你們的腦子會把說的當成做的」

Now as a general principle, I totally agree with this,

這是主要原則，我完全認同

and I think that we should heed it for the most part.

而且我們都應該要想想

I don't think that it disproves the usefulness of accountability partners,

我不認為這研究是要你們覺得不需要夥伴的督促

but I do think that it highlights the importance

但，我想它是要強調

that if you're gonna get one and tell them your goal,

如果你們要跟他人講目標時

you should make sure it's somebody who will actually keep you accountable.

你們要確定那個人會持續的督促你們

Also, it helps to frame your goal in terms of the work you need to put in

而且這也幫助你們依自己的能力設下目標

rather than the identity that you want to assume,

而不是要你們得到那種實現身分的錯覺

so instead of saying I'm going to run a marathon,

所以，不要說我將要參加馬拉松

which paints you as a cool, tough marathonrunner,

這會讓你們把自己塑造成既酷又強壯的馬拉松賽跑選手的錯覺

just say I'm going to run an hour a day.

就簡單地說，我今天要跑一個小時

That's the work you have to put in,

這就是你們要實踐的運動時間

and it's much easier for them to keep you accountable for it.

也對你們的朋友而言，較容易督促你們實現目標

That being said, the main conclusion of Tom's video is still completely valid.

說了那麼多，也就是要說，Tom的結論仍是完全合理的

I definitely think that you should write down your goals,

我絕對同意你們寫下自己的目標

and now that you've finished watching this video, go give that one a watch. It's a good one.

現在，你們看完這部影片，就接著看這一部吧！那是部不錯的影片

You can also check out Derek's original TED talk which I've embedded in the blog post for this video.

如果你們想看Derek在TED的演講，可以到我的部落格

If you want to read that, you can click the orange button right there.

如果你們想看演講內容，你們可以按上面的橘色按鈕

If you want to get new tips on being a more effective student every single week,

如果你們想知道如何在每週都是位有效率的學生

you can click that big, red subscribe button down below

你們可以案下面這個既大又紅的按鈕來訂閱

and I wrote an entire book on how to earn better grades,

我出了本書教導如何得到好成績

so if you want a free copy sent to your email, click the picture of the book.

所以，如果你們想讀到免費的電子文本，就按這個書的圖案

Last week's video was all about how I use my calendar, so check it out if you missed it,

我上禮拜的影片都是有關如何安排時間，如果你們還沒看過，就趕快案進來看

and if you'd like to connect, I'm on Instagram and Twitter @TomFrankly or you can leave a comment down below.

而如果你們想要互相交流的話，我有instagram和Twitter，搜尋 @TomFrankly。或在下面留言讓我知道

Thanks for watching.

謝謝你們的收看