Name: TED】Rebecca Saxe:我們如何讀懂對方的思想（How we read each other's minds | Rebecca Saxe）。 (【TED】Rebecca Saxe: How we read each other's minds (How we read each other's minds | Rebecca Saxe))
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T06:02:25.000Z
Duration: 16 min 52 s

未來簡單式

Today I'm going to talk to you about the problem of other minds.

今天我要和大家談談心智的問題

to 不定詞

and everyone else is just a really convincing robot.

but for today's purposes I'm going to assume

that many people in this audience have a mind,

and that I don't have to worry about this.

There is a second problem that is maybe even more familiar to us

to know what somebody else wants or believes?"

"Why is it so hard to change what somebody else wants or believes?"

＂為什麼我們很難改變別人要的或想的?＂

"And yet, what are we to do about this terribly significant business

to envision one another's interior workings

this is, of course, a problem I confront every day.

這自然也是我每天都面對的問題

But as a scientist, I'm interested in a different problem of other minds,

但身為科學家，我感興趣的是另一個問題

and that is the one I'm going to introduce to you today.

這個問題是，＂為什麼我們這麼容易

And put another way, the crux of the problem is

the machine that we use for thinking about other minds,

是我們用以思考別人心智的機制

our brain, is made up of pieces, brain cells,

也就是大腦，是由許多腦細胞組成

that we share with all other animals, with monkeys

這些細胞和其他動物沒什麼不同，和猴子

And yet, you put them together in a particular network,

不過，把這些細胞用特別的方式組織在一起

and what you get is the capacity to write Romeo and Juliet.

造出來的大腦就能寫出羅密歐與茱麗葉

"I know you think you understand what you thought I said,

"我知道你以為你明白你認為我所說的

but I'm not sure you realize that what you heard

不過我不確定你瞭解：你所聽到的

So, the job of my field of cognitive neuroscience

And to try to understand how you can put together

simple units, simple messages over space and time, in a network,

and get this amazing human capacity to think about minds.

人類就有驚人的能力，能思考他人心智

So I'm going to tell you three things about this today.

Obviously the whole project here is huge.

And I'm going to tell you just our first few steps

about the discovery of a special brain region

我們是怎麼發現腦中有特定的區塊

for thinking about other people's thoughts.

Some observations on the slow development of this system

as we learn how to do this difficult job.

所以我們很晚才學會思考別人的想法

And then finally, to show that some of the differences

can be explained by differences in this brain system.

So first, the first thing I want to tell you is that

there is a brain region in the human brain, in your brains,

whose job it is to think about other people's thoughts.

It's called the Right Temporo-Parietal Junction.

And this is the brain region you used when you saw the pictures I showed you,

你使用這個區塊，處理我剛才給你看的照片

or when you tried to understand Alan Greenspan.

或想辦法理解葛林斯潘在說什麼

And you don't use it for solving any other kinds of logical problems.

你不會用這個區塊處理任何其他邏輯問題

So this brain region is called the Right TPJ.

And this picture shows the average activation

in a group of what we call typical human adults.

The second thing I want to say about this brain system

are really good at understanding other minds,

It takes children a long time to break into the system.

小孩子要很久才會使用這項能力

I'm going to show you a little bit of that long, extended process.

我稍微介紹一下這個漫長的學習過程

The first thing I'm going to show you is a change between age three and five,

首先我想展現三歲和五歲小孩間的不同

that somebody else can have beliefs that are different from their own.

Rebecca Saxe (Video): This is the first pirate. His name is Ivan.

你知道海盜最喜歡什麼嗎？ --什麼？

Child: What? RS: Pirates really like cheese sandwiches.

RS: Yeah. So Ivan has this cheese sandwich,

嗯，然後艾文吃他的起士三明治

And Ivan puts his sandwich over here, on top of the pirate chest.

然後艾文把三明治放在這裡，放在海盜的箱子上

And Ivan says, "You know what? I need a drink with my lunch."

TED】Rebecca Saxe:我們如何讀懂對方的思想（How we read each other's minds | Rebecca Saxe）。 (【TED】Rebecca Saxe: How we read each other's minds (How we read each other's minds | Rebecca Saxe))

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TED】Rebecca Saxe:我們如何讀懂對方的思想（How we read each other's minds | Rebecca Saxe）。 (【TED】Rebecca Saxe: How we read each other's minds (How we read each other's minds | Rebecca Saxe))

people

brain

deserve

region