God dammit!

該死！

- Do you ever get this door wrong? - Pretty regularly.

- 你有曾經開錯這道門嘛？- 超級常的。

- Have you seen people misuse it? - All the time. Every day. Constantly.

- 你有曾經看過其他人也開錯嗎？ - 幾乎每天無時無刻。

I hate this door.

我真討厭這道門。

Me, too, Kelsey, but here’s the thing: as soon as you start looking for confusing doors, they are everywhere.

Kelsey 我也是，但奇妙的是，當你開始注意奇怪的門時，你會發現它們無所不在，為什麼為會這樣？

- It's "push". - Why?

- 要用推的。 - 為什麼呢？

I feel like Roman Mars would know about this.

我想 Roman Mars 應該知道為什麼。

This is 99% Invisible, and those doors you hate are called Norman Doors.

這裡是 99% Invisible 網路電台，你討厭的那扇門其實叫做 「諾曼門」。

What’s a Norman Door?

什麼是諾曼門呢？

Don Norman wrote the essential book about design. He is the "Norman" of the "Norman Door".

唐·諾曼寫了一本書是有關於這扇門的設計，而他就是諾曼門的「諾曼」。

Alright, and where is this guy?

好的，那請問這個人在哪裡呢？

- You must go to San Diego. - Okay!

- 你得去一趟聖地牙哥才能找到他。- 好！

- Hi, Joe! - Hey!

- 嗨 Joe。- 嘿。

I’m Don Norman. I’m… gee, you know it’s hard to describe what I am.

我是唐·諾曼，我是... 天啊，有點難說我到底是誰。

Well, he’s been a professor of psychology, professor of cognitive science, professor of computer science, a vice president of advanced technology at Apple, but for our purpose.

其實他是心理學、認知科學還有計算機科學教授，還是蘋果先進技術部門的副總裁，但我們此行的目的是問別的。

I was spending a year in England, and I got so frustrated with my inability to use the light switches and the water taps and the doors, even, then I wrote this book.

我住在英國一年的時間，而我在使用電源、水龍頭甚至是門上都覺得困難重重，所以我寫了這本書。

If I continually get a door wrong, is it my fault?

如果我持續錯誤使用這扇門，這到底是不是我的錯？

No. In fact, if you continually get it wrong, it's a good⏤and if other people continually get it wrong⏤good sign that it's a really bad door.

當然不是！其實如果你、或其他人都不斷地錯誤使用，代表這個門應該設計蠻爛的。

A Norman Door is one where the design tells you to do the opposite of what you’re actually supposed to do, or gives the wrong signal and needs a sign to correct it.

一扇「諾曼門」，會讓你做出與原先理念背道而馳的舉動，或是給你一個錯誤指示讓你做出錯誤的行為。

Why does it need an instruction manual? That is, why do you have to have a sign that says push or pull? Why not make it obvious?

為什麼會需要操作手冊呢？與其讓它有個推或是拉的告示，為什麼不直接設計的更明顯呢？

It can be obvious if it’s designed right.

如果設計的好，其實是很明顯的。

There are a couple really simple, basic principles of design, and one of them I’ll call discoverability: When I look at something, I should be able to discover what operations I can do.

有很多基本設計原理，其中一種我稱它為「發掘」：當我在看某些東西的時候，我應該能夠發現它是如何操作的。

The principle applies to a whole lot more than doors.

這個原理不只是適用於門，而是可以應用在大部份的東西上。

And it’s amazing with many of our computer systems today, you can look at it, there’s no way of knowing what’s possible; should I tap it once, or twice, or even triple tap?

現今的電腦系統非常的奇妙，你可以從中看見上面沒有任何指示。我應該要點一下，還是兩下，甚至三下？

So, discoverability, when it’s not there, well, you don’t know how to use something.

「發掘」就是當沒有指標在上面時，你就不知道怎麼使用了。

Another is feedback.

另外一種叫做「反饋」。

And so many times, there’s no feedback; you have no idea happened or why it happened.

很多時候，你做了這個是沒有反饋的，所以你不知道發生了什麼事，或是它怎麼發生的。

And these principles form the basis of how designers and engineers work today, Commonly known as user- or human-centered design.

而這些基本原理就建立在現今設計師跟工程師如何發明它們最主要的關鍵，俗稱使用者或人性化設計。

I decided at one point the word "user" was a bit degrading; why not call people "people"?

我覺得用使用者這個名稱有點貶低人，為什麼不稱人為「人」呢？

And it’s amazingly simple and amazingly seldom practiced; we call it iterative 'cause it goes around in a circle.

這非常的簡單也非常不常見，我們稱它為循環因為它就是沿著一個圈來運作，

We go out and we observe what is happening today, we observe people doing a task.

人們使用這個程序來觀察它是怎麼發生的。

And from that we say, "Oh, we have some ideas. Here’s what we should perhaps propose to do."

然後從那邊，我們就會開始想出一些點子，而這些就是我們應該要做的。

Then you prototype your solution, and test it.

然後你設計一個樣本並且開始測試它。

Quite often these are wrong at first, but each time they go around the circle we do a better job of making the device, until the point we're actually making something that really works.

即是一開始屢戰屢敗，但是每一次的嘗試都會讓我們最終找到真正可行的方法。

And this process has spread all over the world⏤

這個過程遍及世界各地，

and it turns out it's improving lives.

並讓人們的生活日益進步，

- From better every day things like the ones Don wrote about... - to using the same process to solve huge problems in public health in developing countries...

無論是每天都會遇到的小事情，甚至是用來解決發展中國家的公共衛生問題：

- Water, farming... - Sanitation, lots more.

像是水、衛生、農地，甚至更多更多其他議題。

So what’d be a better human-centered door?

然而要怎麼做出一個人性化的門呢？

An ideal door is one thatm as I walk up to it and walk through it, I’m not even aware that I had opened a door and shut it.

一道最完美理想的門，是依賴直覺、不需要意識到我是如何開門或關門的。

So if you had a door which had a flat plate, what could you do? Nothing. The only thing you can do is push. So, see? You wouldn’t need a sign. A flat plate, you push.

所以假如你有一道很平的門，你能怎麼做？你什麼都不能做，唯一能做的就是推！你不需要標示，因為是平的，所以你可以直接推開它。

This kind of push bar with the piece sticking out on one side works well, too, so you can see what side you’re supposed to push on.

這種有一條橫杆的門亦有異曲同工之妙，你很容易可以看到你要推哪裡。

Vertical bars could go either way. A simple little hand thing though, sort of indicates "pull".

垂直的杆也是！一個簡單小小的手握把也可以很容易被推斷出要拉。

But we still have terrible, terrible doors in the world. So many of them.

但是世界上還是有很多糟透了的門，而且很多！

There are lots of things in life that are fairly standardized and therefore whether I buy this house or not is not a function of whether it has good doors in it. And so, except for safety reasons, doors tend not to be improved.

生活中有許多東西都蠻標準化的，因此我買房子的時候不會取決於它是否擁有一扇好門。若非考量安全因素， 門通常都不是會被注意且被改善的。

But the tyranny of bad doors must end.

但是這些糟透了的門必須被終結！

- I think that it’s a really shitty design. In fact, they put a pull handle when it’s a push. That should be a flat panel here, and not a [beep] pull handle. That’s how I feel about this door, it’s very misleading. - I agree.

- 我覺得他們放上「拉」的扶手、門卻是往裡面推，是個蠻爛的設計，這裡應該要放上一個平的杆讓我們推，而不是一個爛透了的拉手把，我只是覺得這扇門完全在誤導人。- 我同意。

You’re right, Becky. You’re God-damned right. And if we all thought like you, well, we might just design a better world together.

你說對了 Becky，你他媽的說對了！如果我們都跟你想的一樣，那我們應該會一起創造一個更好的世界。

It won't open because it's a security door!

「它不能開是因為它是一道安全門！」

What the **** are you two doing?

「你們兩個在這裡衝蝦毀？」

Hey, so as you can see, since I started making this video, they've since changed the door a little bit. Guess it's a step in the right direction. Thank you so much for watching and to 99% Invisible, one of my favorite podcasts, it was so much fun to collaborate with with them, thank you. And check them out on any podcast app or 99pi.org.

嘿，就像你看到的，當我開始製作這個影片他們就開始稍微對它做了些改變。我想應該是朝理想中成功跨出了一步。謝謝你們的收看，我想跟 99% Invisible，我最愛的網路電台之一說，跟他們一起合作實在是太有趣了，謝謝你們，請從任何的廣播 app 或是 99pi.org 這個網址查任何有關於他們的資訊。