Name: TED】Rob Dunbar:海洋酸化的威脅 (【TED】Rob Dunbar: The threat of ocean acidification)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T06:01:00.000Z
Duration: 18 min 46 s

程度副詞

the problem that we're facing with the oceans,

at the same time you think about the physics.

in a very much more interdisciplinary way.

否則我們不可能解決這些問題。

所以我將會藉由討論海洋面臨的一些氣候變遷

discussion of some of the climate change things that are going on in the ocean.

And then the last thing on the list there, ocean acidification --

然後是最後一個問題，海洋酸化現象 --

if you were to ask me, you know, "What do you worry about the most?

如果你問我，"你最擔心的事情是什麼?

And this has come onto the stage pretty recently.

So I will spend a little time at the end.

所以我會在最後花一點時間來討論它。

在10月的時候，我參加了哥本哈根會議，

And I think we all found it, simultaneously,

without hearing the word "oceans" one time.

when we had the speeches of the national leaders --

it tended to be the leaders of the small island states,

但卻都只是一些小型島國的領袖，

例如吉里巴斯共和國以及諾魯共和國，

they were seated at the very end of these immensely long rows.

他們都坐在這些長排座位的最尾端。

你知道的，他們在這間會議廳中

It's not clear what the target should be.

And how can you figure out how to fix something

那麼你又怎麼可能在目標不明確時，

that we should limit temperature rise to no more than two degrees.

我們應該避免溫度上升超過二度。

But there's not a lot of science behind that number.

但這數字背後並沒有什麼科學根據。

concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

There's not a lot of science behind that one either.

這些數字同樣也沒有什麼科學根據。

Most of the science that is behind these numbers,

這些數字背後大部分的科學根據，

都是依據在陸地上進行的研究。

And I would say, for the people that work in the ocean

而我想說的是，對於那些研究海洋

and think about what the targets should be,

以及思考該設定哪些目標的人來說，

we would argue that they must be much lower.

我們都認為它們應該要更低才對。

你知道嗎，對於海洋生態而言，

We are, right now, at 390 parts per million

We're not going to put the brakes on in time to stop at 450,

我們不可能在450的時候才踩煞車，

so we've got to accept we're going to do an overshoot,

所以我們必須接受去設定一個嚴苛的標準，

has to focus on how far the overshoot goes

必須專注於這個嚴苛的標準要進行多久，

Why don't we know some of these things a little bit better?

we've got very complicated forces in the climate system.

氣候系統裡有很複雜的力量存在。

There's all kinds of natural causes of climate change.

有許多導致氣候變遷的自然因素。

我們被聖嬰和反聖嬰現象所影響著。

But the entire planet warms up when there's a big El Nino.

但是當巨大的聖嬰現象出現時，整個地球都會出現暖化現象。

Volcanoes eject aerosols into the atmosphere.

火山噴出的氣體會曠散到大氣中。

The ocean contains most of the exchangeable heat on the planet.

海洋含有地球上最大量的可交換熱能。

how ocean surface waters mix with the deep water

海洋表層與深海海水混合的因素

And we know the solar output's not constant through time.

我們知道太陽照射的能量並不是永遠都固定的。

So those are all natural causes of climate change.

所以這些都是導致氣候變遷的自然因素。

And then we have the human-induced causes

然而，我們還有因為人類所造成的

We're changing the characteristics of the surface of the land,

We inject our own aerosols into the atmosphere,

and we have trace gases, and not just carbon dioxide --

我們追蹤了幾種氣體，不只是二氧化碳 --

So here's the thing. It sounds like a simple question.

所以事情就是這樣。聽起來似乎是個簡單的問題。

to make a clear attribution to carbon dioxide,

所有造成氣候變遷的其它因素。

But the fact is we do know a lot about all of those things.

但事實上我們確實知道許多關於這些的資訊。

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TED】Rob Dunbar:海洋酸化的威脅 (【TED】Rob Dunbar: The threat of ocean acidification)

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