U.S. Detention Facility in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. But efforts to close the facility and

要求關閉古巴的關達那摩灣監獄，將恐怖分子囚犯移往美國本土

move terror suspects to prisons on US soil have since been hampered by Republican opposition.

不過此舉遭到共和黨反對

When Obama announced that he was still determined to shut down the facility in February 2016,

2016年2月，歐巴馬宣布關閉計畫不變

concern over where Guantanamo prisoners would be relocated to, arose once again. So we wanted

對於囚犯該移往何處的擔憂，再度浮上檯面

to know what happens to prisoners after they leave Guantanamo?

究竟這群囚犯離開監獄後何去何從？

Well, since Guantanamo Bay Prison opened on January 11, 2002, it has detained roughly

該監獄於2002年1月11日設立，關押約780名囚犯

780 prisoners, predominantly from the Middle East. The prison is home to enemy combatants

這些人大多來自中東，監獄關押的敵軍

captured by the US during the War on Terror, including the suspected architect of the September

是美國反恐戰爭時擄獲而來，911事件主謀哈立德也在其中

11th attacks, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed. As of January 2016, 91 detainees remain. About

截至2016年1月，仍有91名嫌犯在押

half are still facing criminal charges, 35 have been approved for transfer out of the

約有一半的人面臨刑事訴訟，35位經允許移送至其他地方

prison, and ten are considered “unreleasable”. According to the White House, these ten either

10人遭認定為「不可釋放」， 白宮表示

cannot yet be transferred to other countries or they pose a continuing significant threat.

他們當中有些人暫時無法移送至他國，有些人則是危險程度很高

If Guantanamo were to close, some could potentially be transferred to U.S. soil as per President

若關閉監獄，有些囚犯可能移送至美國本土，如同歐巴馬近來計畫一樣

Obama’s most recent plan. This includes 13 potential supermax prisons and military

此外，還要興建13座「超高安全等級監獄」、軍事基地

sites in states like South Carolina, Kansas and Colorado. Some republican leaders have

遍及南卡羅來納州、堪薩斯州與科羅拉多州等地，不過有些共和黨領袖認為

suggested that Obama’s plan could threaten the security of the United States.

歐巴馬計畫危及國家安全

So where have prisoner's been relocated to in the past? Well, many are returned to their home countries.

究竟以往囚犯都送往何處呢? 很多人送回自己母國

There are reportedly 57 countries to which detainees have been sent, with the majority going to Afghanistan.

據說包括57國，大部分送回阿富汗

Seven detainees were repatriated to Russia, where Human Rights

7名遣返回俄國

Watch alleged they were tortured, beaten, harassed, and given unfair trials. Others

人權觀察組織指控 ，這些人在俄國遭到折磨、拷打並受到不公平審判

have gone to countries like Canada, Sweden, El Salvador, and two detainees were sent to

還有一些人送至加拿大、瑞典、薩爾瓦多

the United States to stand trial in US court. Some detainees are transferred to terrorist

有兩名囚犯送回美國受審，有些則移送至恐怖分子矯治中心

rehabilitation centers, in countries like Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, featuring psychological

科威特、沙烏地阿拉伯等國便有這類中心

evaluation, medical care, exercise, and religious counseling. These rehab centers are designed

提供心理評估、醫療照顧、各式治療與宗教諮商

to convert former jihadi terrorists, by using Islamic teachings to abolish their extremist

這些中心設立目的在於改造聖戰士，藉由伊斯蘭教義讓他們拋棄極端思想

ideologies. Saudi officials claim that their center has an 80% success rate for reforming

沙烏地阿拉伯官員指稱，該中心改造囚犯成功率達8成

prisoners. However, of those prisoners who were deported and not jailed, upon release,

不過，遭遣返、不必坐牢的囚犯當中

it’s estimated that about one in six has returned to terrorism.

據估計約1/6的人重回恐怖分子行列

President Obama said in his 2015 State of the Union address that it costs $3 million

2015年國情咨文演說時，歐巴馬表示

dollars a year, per prisoner to be held at Guantanamo. Aside from the cost, the detention

該監獄關一名犯人每年要花300萬美元，撇開花費不說

center has also been the focus of worldwide attention following years of allegedly inhumane

關達那摩灣監獄近來受到全球注目，原因是多年來虐囚傳聞不斷

living conditions, government sanctioned torture, and a lack of legal standing for the prisoners.

包括非人道對待、政府默許酷刑以及非法關押等

With less than 100 detainees remaining, Obama may actually accomplish his goal of shutting

隨著獄內在押犯人少於100名，歐巴馬或許能順利在任內關閉該監獄

down the facility by the end of his term. But when the options on the outside are rehabilitation,

不過，若這些囚犯獲釋後的選擇，只剩下矯治、服刑、死亡或再犯

imprisonment, death, or recidivism, it is hard to say whether that’s truly a better

這些選項與關達那摩灣監獄繼續開放相較

option than keeping it open.

孰優孰劣很難說

The past decade and a half of war has contributed to some of the worst human rights violations

過去15年來的戰爭，造成近年來違反人權事件不斷

in recent years, with the United States committing its share of atrocities as well. Government

美國也赫然在暴行之列

sanctioned torture has been a hot button issue, and the CIA’s release of the Torture Report

政府默許酷刑爭議不斷，CIA公布酷刑報告

has outlined the extent of the US’s involvement. Find out why that really matters by watching

說明美國涉入程度，想知道這問題的重要性？請看這部影片

this video at the top. And, if you haven’t already, be sure to check out our email newsletter.

若還沒看過的話，請訂閱我們的電子報

Every week, you’ll get an assortment of videos about science, current events, politics,

每個禮拜會收到各式影片，涵蓋科學、時事、政治以及其他議題

and more. To sign up, just click this box or visit TestTube.com/fwd at the bottom. thanks

訂閱請點擊這裡或下方網址

for watching Test Tube News don’t forget to like and subscribe for new videos every

感謝觀看Test Tube New，別忘了按讚、訂閱頻道，每天都有新影片喔

day!