Ask why.

早上好

What is that really mean?

今天的題目：問為什麼

I want you guys to hold that thought. Before we get going here,

那究竟意味著什麼？

I'm gonna draw on a few words of wisdom from a wise man.

讓我們等一下再回到這個問題上來

"We cannot solve our problems

我想先引用一個智者的箴言

with the same thinking we used when we created them."

”我們不能用昨日的思維來解決今日的問題“

Today, we are going to explore a switch in your approach to problems solving.

今天，我們將探索一個 能轉換你解決問題的方式的開關

Solving problems is something we do everyday. Coming up the solutions.

我們每天都在尋找方法去解決問題

Some of those problems are fairly minor and some are a little bit more complex.

有一些問題比較簡單， 而有一些問題比較複雜

For example, feeling hungry, relatively simple problem.

譬如說，一個簡單的問題：餓了

Easy solution - I find food.

簡單的解決方案：找食物

Now especially at Brentwood? we almost take that for granted.

尤其是在布倫特伍德，這是理所當然的

However, if you were lost out in the woods,

但是，如果你是迷失在森林裡

I'd be quite certain

我相信

that solution would be a little bit more difficult to achieve.

解決的方案不會那麼簡單

On the other hand,

另一方面

some problems are more complex.

有一些問題是更為複雜的

I need to get to Vancouver. The problem is, I'm on an island.

我想要去溫哥華， 但我現在在一座島上

The solution may involve taking a bus, may involve taking a ferry,

解決方案可能包含坐大巴， 甚至坐渡輪

maybe involves taking a taxi.

也有可能包含搭計程車

A little bit more problem solving, a little bit more complex solution.

多一點的問題思考就有更多綜合的解決方案

However, if I have a car at my disposal,

但是如果我有一輛車的話

that's going to be a much easier solution to achieve.

解決方案會相對來說會簡單很多

So now that we've used the word "problem" a little bit,

既然現在我已經幾次提到了”問題“這個詞

I think it's important that we, perhaps, just take a look at that exact word.

讓我們來仔細研究一個這個詞的真正含義

What is a problem?

什麼是”問題“？

According to the Oxford dictionary,

根據牛津詞典的解釋

a problem is a doubtful or difficult matter requiring a solution,

一個“問題”是讓人疑惑，或是 需要解決的困難

or a thing that is difficult to achieve or accomplish.

又或者是一件很難完成的事情

And as we just heard, there's a variety of different problems

正如我們剛才所提到，我們面對的問題有很多

and each of these problems has their own idiosyncrasies.

每一個問題都有自己的特點

They have their own nuances. They are all different.

並且每一個問題都有細微的差別， 他們都有所不同

So what is one common thing, a common thread

那這些問題之間有沒有一個共同點呢？

that we can use to relate all problems?

我相信——

I believe that all problems are consistent in two ways:

所有的問題都有兩個共同點：

success and obstacles.

成功和障礙

Success is what we trying to achieve.

成功是我們想要達到的終點

And obstacles are challenges in the way of success.

而障礙是通往成功路上會遇到的挑戰

And in case if you kind of think about it,

如果我們可以這樣想的話

if you don't have any of obstacles in the way of your problem,

如果我們在解決問題的時候， 沒有碰到任何的障礙

then all you are left with is success.

那麼你剩下的只有成功，可能嗎？

We all encounter problems. Those problems are different.

我們都會遇到問題， 這些問題都截然不同

But let me ask you, is it the problems themselves that are different?

但是我要問你—— 這些問題本身真的不同嗎？

Or is it the lens through which the problems are viewed that is different?

還是我們看待它們的角度不同？

Or is it both?

或是兩者都有？

As we go about our day, we all encounter different problems.

每一天，我們都遇到不同的問題

And we see those problems through a different lens.

我們都會用不同的角度來看待他們

We each have a different view point.

並且我們每一個人都有不同的視角

Consequently, we see the world differently.

因此，我們看世界會很不一樣

So what do I mean by that?

我這樣說到底是什麼意思呢？

What do you see here?

你在這上面看到了什麼？

What's the first thought that comes to your mind when you see this picture?

你的第一想法是什麼？

Is it the Eiffel Tower? Is it France?

你先想到了艾菲爾塔嗎？還是法國？

Is it Europe? Is it a city?

歐洲？或是一個城市？

The important thing to remember is that each and every person in this room

重要的事情是—— 每一個在場的人

is gonna see this object in this picture differently.

都會用不同的方式看這張照片

Let's try it again.

讓我們再來一次

What do you see here?

你看到了什麼？

Do you see strawberries? Do you see a dessert?

你看到了草莓嗎？還是甜點？

Maybe you see 2,000 calories.

或者你想到了兩千卡路里？

But ultimately, your viewpoint is different than the person next to you.

最終，你的看法 會和坐在你旁邊的人的看法不同

What do you see here?

你看了什麼？

I know what I see.

我知道我看到了什麼

I see a bunch of hockey sticks.

我看到了一堆曲棍球棒

Did you see it hockey sticks? Did you see a road?

你呢？一堆曲棍球棒還是一條馬路？

Did you see a bench?

又或是一張長椅？

If you did see hockey sticks, what did you think?

如果你看到的是一堆曲棍球棒 你在想什麼？

Did you think of the Stanley Cup? Did you think of the Roscoe?

你想到史丹利盃嗎？羅斯科？

Did you think of Canada, Olympics, gold medals?

加拿大？奧林匹克？金牌？

The point is, that each and every one of us has a different viewpoint

關鍵在於，每一個人的視角都截然不同

and that viewpoint differs between this room,

在場的人都有不同的觀點

between the views in this room.

在這個房間裡

It spreads across age, spreads across generations,

這些不同之處跨越了年齡和時代

spreads across demographics, geographics.

跨越了人口和地域

What that means is, what you see is going to be different

這代表著你的看法會

than what your parents see,

和你的父母不一樣

than what your teachers see,

和你的老師不一樣

than what your grandparents see.

和你的祖父母不一樣

So how do problems and viewpoints relate?

那麼問題和看法之間有什麼聯繫呢？

How can we draw those two together?

我們可以如何把這兩點連起來？

We cannot collectively solve problems

如果我們不能認清每一個人的不同

unless we appreciate and acknowledge that each and every person here

那麼我們就不能以一個集體來解決問題

has a different viewpoint.

正是因為這些不同的視角

It's that variety in viewpoints

我們才能用新方法來解決問題

that is going to enable us to solve all problems in new ways

並且它將讓我們有創意地解決其他新的問題

and it's going to enable us to creatively solve new problems as they are presented.

把焦點放在挑戰上

To focus on challenging,

我們需要挑戰那些便利的方法

we need to challenge complacent solutions.

我們必須要改變我們看待問題的方式

We must switch the way we look at problems.

既然我們都會遇到不同的問題

We all encounter different problems.

我們最好盡可能地用更多的視角

So wouldn't it be nice to draw

來看待這些問題

on as many viewpoints as possible to solve those problems?

跳出固有的框架和思維模式 這聽起來可能是陳詞濫調

Thinking outside the box, it's a common cliche,

但這不代表我們一定需要 探索新的解決方法

doesn't necessarily mean coming up with a new solution.

或者這也意味著

Maybe what it means

用不同的思考方式來解決方法

is switching your approach to coming up with those solutions,

收集越多不同的看法越好

gathering as many different viewpoints as possible,

傾聽別人怎麼描訴

listening to what other things are being said,

傾聽別人的想法

listening to what other people are saying.

那我們要如何做到這些呢？

So how do we do that?

曾經有一個人告訴我

I heard a man to tell me one time, they said

英文裡最重要的一個單詞是ask（問）

the most important three-letter word in the English language is ask.

問問題

Ask questions.

問不同的想法

Ask for other opinions.

問不同的視角

Ask to hear different viewpoints.

當我們問為什麼的時候， 我們以一個集體能夠影響一個決定

We, we can collectively influence a decision.

我們能夠改變一件事的結果

We can collectively change the outcome of a problem when we ask why.

為什麼我們要這樣做？

Why are we doing it that way?

為什麼我們上次是這樣做？

Why did we do it that way last time?

為什麼我們會再次用這個方法？

Why do we think that this solution will work again?

如果你得到的回答是

Because the answer if you receive back to that question

”因為我們每次都這樣做“

is "that's the way we've always done it",

或“因為我們要維持現狀”

or because that's status quo,

你又怎麼能期待得到不同的結果呢？

how can you expect different results?

我們的腦袋是如此強大

You see, ultimately the mind is an extremely powerful tool.

不過，你旁邊的人的腦袋

But so is the mind of the person sitting next to you

也同樣的強大

and the person sitting next to them.

協作不同的想法能夠促進不同的意見交流

Collaborate ideas encourage different opinions

並且運用這些不同的觀點來解決問題

and solve problems using different thoughts

或想想問題是怎麼形成的

or thinking that was used to create them.

最後，我想告訴你們的是——

So I leave you with this.

下一次，如果你需要 跳出固有的思維模式的話

The next time you are asked to think outside the box,

我希望你能退一步

I want you to take a step back

跳出問題來思考

and look at the box from the outside in.

謝謝

Thank you.

（掌聲）

(Applause)