But, Jimmy, the problem

不過 吉米 問題在於..

Uh, I mean, look, I'm for it...

恩..聽好...我同意

But, look...

但是 聽好..

We have people coming into our country

這些人來我們國家

that are looking to do tremendous harm.

他們會帶來巨大傷害

You look at the two-

看看這兩起（恐攻）...

Look at Paris.

看看巴黎

Look at what happened in Paris.

看看巴黎恐攻

I mean, these people, they did not come from Sweden

我的意思是 這些人 他們可不是來自瑞典

Okay?

對吧？

Look at what happened in Paris.

看看巴黎恐攻

Look at what happened last week in California,

看看上禮拜加州發生什麼事

with...with, you know, fourteen people dead.

有..有..你知道...有14個人死掉

Other people going to die,

其他人小命也不保

they're so badly injured.

他們傷得很重

We have a real problem.

我們遭遇到很嚴重的問題

There's a tremendous hatred out there.

仇恨問題很嚴重

And what I wanna do is find out what-

我要做的是..找出...

you know, you can't solve a problem

你知道 想解決問題

until you find out what's the root cause.

要先找出背後原因

And I wanna find out what is the problem

而我想找出問題

what's going on.

到底發生啥事

And, it's temporary

這（禁止穆斯林入境）只是暫時的

I've had so many people call me and say thank you.

很多人打電話給我 向我道謝

Now, if you remember, when I did that a week ago

如果你記得的話 一個禮拜前 我說那番話時

it was like bedlam

大家亂糟糟吵成一團

All of a sudden --

突然間

and you watch last night

昨晚你看

and you see people talking.

大家開始在說

They say, "Well, Trump has a point.

他們說 「川普說的有理」

We have to get down to the problem."

「我們一定要找出問題來」

The people that are friends of mine that called,

我有一些朋友打給我

they said,

他們說

"Donald, you've done us a tremendous service,

「川普, 你真是幫了我們大忙」

because we do have a problem

「因為我們真的遇到問題」

and we have to find out what is the --

「我們一定要找出來 到底..」

-and we have to find out what is the-- -those might have been prank calls

那些電話搞不好只是惡作劇

-those may have been prank calls -No, no

-那些電話搞不好只是惡作劇 不是 不是

One of the things I find fascinating about Donald Trump

仔細觀察 川普很有趣的一點

is the way he uses language

是他說話的方式

differently than other candidates for political office,

和一般候選人不同

especially president of the United States

尤其和其他總統候選人差異極大

Whereas his opponents and the political class in general seem hyper-aware that

川普的對手和一般政治菁英非常謹慎

their words would be picked apart and used against them

他們的話語可能被斷章取義、放大檢視

Trump willfully disregards this fact.

但川普根本不在乎

As a lifelong salesman, he has a huckster's knack for selling a feeling

生意人出身 他有著強迫促銷的天份 訴諸情感

even if the ideas and facts that underscore it are spurious, racist or just plain incomprehensible

就算這些想法事實謬誤百出、充滿歧視 令人摸不著頭緒

so I thought it would be illuminating to look at a Trump answer to a simple question

因此 仔細觀察川普如何回答這問題 有助於釐清一些事實

In this case Jimmy Kimmel asking Trump whether or not it’s wrong to discriminate against people based on their religion

在脫口秀節目上 主持人吉米訪問川普 因信仰歧視別人是否不對？

referring to Trump’s proposal to temporarily ban all Muslims from entering the United States

因為川普先前提議要暫禁穆斯林入境美國

This 220 word, exactly 1 minute answer displays

從這220字、一分鐘長的回答 看得出來

I think, a range of the things that Trump uses all the time in his speech

看得出來 川普慣常的說話方式

The first thing to know is how simple this language is

首先 他使用的語言非常簡單

Of the 220 words, 172, or 78%, are only one syllable

220字裡 172個字只有一個音節 佔78%

and often they come in a rhythmic series like a volley of jabs ending with one of his buzz words

這些字帶有節奏 連珠砲似一連串的攻擊 以他特有的口頭禪結尾

we have to get down to the problem

「我們一定要找出問題來」

39 words, or 17%, are two syllables long

39個字兩個音節 佔17%

only 4 words have 3 syllables, 3 of which are the word tremendous, tremendous, tremendous

三個音節的字只有4個 其中有三個是tremendous（嚴重）

and just two words are 4 syllables long

4個音節的只有兩個字

California, which he’s forced to use because it has less syllables than San Bernardino

像是California（加州） 他不得不說這字 因為比San Bernardino（聖貝納迪諾槍擊案）音節少

and temporary, which he swallows

另一個字是temporary（暫時）他快速帶過

and it’s temporary, I’ve had so many people

「這只是暫時的 有很多人..」

this breakdown fits with the study done by the Boston Globe

這樣拆解與波士頓全球報的研究不謀而合

that put all 2016 presidential candidates’ announcement speeches

此報告列出2016所有總統參選人的參選演講

through the Flesch-Kincaid readability test to determine their respective grade level rankings

以Flesch-Kincaid適讀性公式分析 得出相對應的年級程度

Donald Trump’s speech came out at the 4th grade reading level

川普的演說 約略是四年級的程度

Now for reference, Ben Carson came out at 6th grade

相對來看 Ben Carson是六年級

Hillary Clinton and Jeb Bush were speaking at an 8th grade reading level

希拉蕊和傑布．布希同樣是8年級程度

and Bernie Sanders was a way up in high school, a sophomore, to be exact

而桑德斯則高得多 更精確地說 是高二的程度

Now this isn’t only down to word or syllable choice

不過 語言牽涉的不只是字或音節

it’s about sentence construction, too

更關乎句構

Trump favors simple sentences like

川普偏好簡單句

we have a real problem, there is a tremendous hatred out there

像是「我們遭遇到很嚴重的問題」「仇恨問題很嚴重」

Rarely does he use complex sentences or independent clauses

很少動用到複雜句或獨立子句

He also favors the second person a lot of the time, addressing listeners directly with commands

他也愛用第二人稱 直接用命令句

Look at Paris, Look at what happened in Paris, Look at what happened in Paris, Look at what happened last week in California

「看看巴黎」「看看巴黎恐攻」「看看巴黎恐攻」「看看上禮拜加州發生什麼事」

Or implicating us in what he’s saying as if we’ve already agreed

或者暗示我們 仿若我們早同意他所說的一切

and you watch last night, and you see people talking

「昨晚你看,大家開始在說...」

He’s really good at this, at framing negative response as an over-reaction that was subsequently realized as such

他深諳此道 將負面質疑包裝成反應過度

if you remember, when I did that a week ago it was like bedlam.

像是「如果你記得的話 一個禮拜前 我說那番話時 大家亂糟糟吵成一團」

All of a sudden – and you watch last, and you see people talking.

「突然間- 昨晚你看, 大家開始在說...」

They said, “Well Trump has a point. We have to get down to the problem."

「他們說 『川普說的有理 我們一定要找出問題來』」

Maybe the most important technique Trump utilizes and he does this more than anyone I’ve ever heard

或許 川普最厲害的一招在於 每句話結尾的字

is ending his sentences with strong punchy words.

總是鏗鏘有力 而且他是我看過使用最多次這招的人

A lot of times he’ll rearrange the beginning of a sentence awkwardly, so that he can end strong.

他經常調換句子順序 雖然有點怪 卻讓句子能有個有力的結尾

For example, here, it would probably be more natural to say

舉例來說 這句話或許這麼說比較自然

you can’t solve a problem until you find out what the root cause is

you can’t solve a problem until you find out what the root cause is（想解決問題 要先找出背後原因）

but he brings the is forward to end on root cause

他卻將is往前 以root cause結尾

he does the same here

這個句子也是如此

and it looks like he was going to about the same in the end before Kimmel cuts him off

他原本也打算在這句這麼做 卻被主持人吉米打斷

these final words are crucial for Trump

這些結尾的字 對川普來說極為重要

They’re pointed and taken together sketch the theme of the entire answer

這些字極為犀利並總結答案

harm, dead, die, badly injured, problem, root cause

harm（傷害）dead（死掉） die（死) badly injured(傷重) problem（問題） root cause（原因）

thank you, bedlam, point, problem, service, problem

thank you（感謝） bedlam（一團亂） point（有理） problem（問題） service（幫了忙） problem（問題）

In some sense, it’s these words that audiences remember

在某種程度上 觀眾會記得這些字

especially when the rest of the speech is incoherent

特別是當演說內容條理不明時

Like the best salesman, Trump keeps it simple, he repeats a lot

川普像個萬能銷售員 力求簡單、再三重複

we have a real problem, what is the problem

「我們遭遇到很嚴重的問題」「找出問題」

we do have a problem, we have to get down to the problem

「我們真的遇到問題」「我們一定要找出問題來」

and he uses his favorite words over and over

他也不斷重複口頭禪 一而再、再而三

tremendous, tremendous, tremendous service

tremendous(嚴重) tremendous（嚴重） tremendous service（幫了大忙）

and he always seems to have friends who are part of the group that he’s currently insulting

他攻擊的對象裡 也經常包括他的友人

calling him up and thanking him for the privilege

打電話並感謝他

many of them called me they said you know Donald, you’re right, we have a problem and look, there is a problem

「很多人打電話給我 他們說『川普 你說得有理 我們真的的遇到問題 問題真的存在』」

Donald Trump knows when to sound incredulous, or forceful

川普懂得何時該把話說得誇張或有力

He has good comedic instinct, you can even call him witty

他本性詼諧 甚至可說是風趣

but you can’t call him smart or well informed

但絕非聰明或見解透徹

the best salesman could sell you a TV without knowing anything about it

最棒的銷售高手不需要懂電視 就能把產品賣給你

because the TV isn’t what matters.

但電視並不重要

What matters, is you.

重要的是你

And if you are an American citizen who, for years

若你身為美國公民多年

has listened to politicians sound sophisticated while accomplishing nothing

對於政治人物華而不實的語言 早已司空見慣

you might just be primed for something

或許你習慣這些

that is everything they are not.

空洞沒內容的言論

But the next time you feel like Donald Trump has a point

下次 若你覺得川普說得有理

do yourself a favor

幫幫忙

and look at his words.

張大耳朵 仔細聽聽他說的話

Hey everybody, thanks for watching. I want to point you in the direction of my friends over at Wisecrack

哈囉 感謝收看 我推薦朋友Wisecrack頻道

who do some awesome work, some awesome video essays. If you like my stuff, you're definitely going to

他做得很棒 有些影片內容很讚 若你喜歡我的作品 一定也會喜歡這頻道

like what they do. They talk about books, movies, and my personal favorite is definitely 8-Bit Philosophy,

內容包括書籍、電影 我大推8-Bit哲學這個系列

which is like philosophy explained with Nintendo graphics. So well done. I wish I had thought of that.

他們用任天堂動畫解釋哲學 做得極好 當初我怎沒想到

Anyway, go over there, click there, subscribe, watch a video. If you guys want to help me out, as always,

總之去看看 點擊這裡 訂閱、觀看

you can click right here, pledge a dollar or three dollars or five dollars to my channel.

捐款請點這裡 小小幾美元捐款至我的頻道

Help me start 2016 right. We're going to do some awesome stuff in the next year.

幫忙我2016年 繼續明年推出精彩影片

I can't wait to see you guys next Wednesday for the next video and I will see you...

等不及下禮拜三再相見 屆時有新影片

Well, I just said I'll see you next Wednesday, so bye!

我剛說過下禮拜三再見 那麼拜啦