For the last 8 years,

在過去八年中

I have dedicated my life

我致力

to documenting the work

拍攝

of Israelis and Palestinians

以色列與巴勒斯坦

who are trying to end the conflict

嘗試解決衝突的人們

using peaceful means.

他們運用的是和平的手段

When I travel with my work

每當我出差

across Europe and the United States,

到歐洲和美國時

one question always comes up:

總是有人問我

Where is the Palestinian Gandhi?

為何巴勒斯坦沒有像甘地一樣的人?

Why aren't Palestinians

為何巴勒斯坦人

using nonviolent resistance?

不用非暴力的方式抗爭呢?

The challenge I face when I hear this question

當我聽到這樣的問題時﹐ 我感到為難

is that often I have just returned from the Middle East

因為我當時可能才從中東回國

where I spent my time

而我是在中東

filming dozens of Palestinians

拍攝數十位巴勒斯坦人

who are using nonviolence

運用非暴力方法

to defend their lands

來捍衛他們的土地

and water resources

和水資源

from Israeli soldiers and settlers.

以免被以色列士兵和居民所剝奪

These leaders are trying to forge

這些領導人致力促成

a massive national nonviolent movement

一場大規模的全國性非暴力運動

to end the occupation

來結束佔領

and build peace in the region.

並建立區域的和平

Yet, most of you

但是你們多數人

have probably never heard about them.

可能從未聽說過他們

This divide between what's happening on the ground

有一個隔閡存在於當地所發生的事

and perceptions abroad

與國際的認知之間

is one of the key reasons

這是一個關鍵性的原因

why we don't have yet

也是為什麼我們還沒有

a Palestinian peaceful resistance movement

一場巴勒斯坦和平抗爭運動

that has been successful.

成功過

So I'm here today

所以我今天

to talk about the power of attention,

要來講關注的力量

the power of your attention,

你的關注的力量

and the emergence and development

以及非暴力運動

of nonviolent movements

在约旦河西岸和加薩

in the West Bank, Gaza and elsewhere --

及其他地方的萌芽與發展

but today, my case study is going to be Palestine.

而今天我要分析的案例是巴勒斯坦

I believe that what's mostly missing

我認為要促進

for nonviolence to grow

非暴力運動

is not for Palestinians

並不是要要求巴勒斯坦人

to start adopting nonviolence,

開始採用非暴力手段

but for us to start paying attention

而是﹐ 我們要開始注意

to those who already are.

那些用非暴力手段的人們

Allow me to illustrate this point

讓我帶你進入這個

by taking you to this village

名為布德魯斯的村子

called Budrus.

來闡明這點

About seven years ago,

約莫七年前

they faced extinction,

他們面臨存亡的問題

because Israel announced it would build a separation barrier,

因為以色列宣佈要築起一道圍牆

and part of this barrier

而部分圍牆

would be built on top of the village.

將橫越這個村子

They would lose 40 percent of their land

他們會失去40%的土地

and be surrounded,

並且被包圍住

so they would lose free access

如此便無法自由往返

to the rest of the West Bank.

约旦河西岸的其他地区

Through inspired local leadership,

透過當地收到感召的領導人

they launched a peaceful resistance campaign

他們發動了和平抗爭活動

to stop that from happening.

來阻止這道圍牆

Let me show you some brief clips,

讓我給你們看一些短片

so you have a sense

這樣你們才有概念

for what that actually looked like on the ground.

當地到底是怎麼一回事

(Music)

【音樂】

Palestinian Woman: We were told the wall

巴勒斯坦女性: 我們聽說圍牆

would separate Palestine from Israel.

將分隔巴勒斯坦與以色列

Here in Budrus,

而在布德鲁斯村

we realized the wall would steal our land.

我們發現這道牆將竊取我們的土地

Israeli Man: The fence has, in fact,

以色列男性: 這道牆其實

created a solution to terror.

是解決恐懼的一個方法

Man: Today you're invited

男性: 我們今天邀請你們

to a peaceful march.

來一場和平的遊行

You are joined

你的身邊是

by dozens of your Israeli brothers and sisters.

數十位你的以色列弟兄姐妹

Israeli Activist: Nothing scares the army

以色列抗議人士: 軍隊害怕的就是

more than nonviolent opposition.

非暴力的抵抗

Woman: We saw the men

女性: 我們看見男人

trying to push the soldiers,

想推開那些士兵

but none of them could do that.

但是他們不能那麼做

But I think the girls could do it.

但我覺得女生們能

Fatah Party Member: We must empty our minds

法塔赫黨員: 我們必須清空腦中

of traditional thinking.

的傳統思想

Hamas Party Member: We were in complete harmony,

哈馬斯黨員: 我們是完全和平的

and we wanted to spread it to all of Palestine.

而我們希望這能擴散到全巴勒斯坦

Chanting: One united nation.

口號聲: 全國團結

Fatah, Hamas and the Popular Front!

法塔赫、哈馬斯、人民陣線

News Anchor: The clashes over the fence continue.

主播: 這道牆所帶來的衝突持續著

Reporter: Israeli border police were sent to disperse the crowd.

記者: 以色列邊界警察被派來驅散群眾

They were allowed to use any force necessary.

他們得採取任何必要手段

(Gunshots)

【槍響】

Man: These are live bullets.

男性: 這些是實彈

It's like Fallujah. Shooting everywhere.

這裡就像伊拉克的費魯杰市。四處是槍聲

Israeli Activist: I was sure we were all going to die.

以色列抗議人士: 我以為我們要死了

But there were others around me who weren't even cowering.

但我身邊有人甚至一點都不害怕

Israeli Soldier: A nonviolent protest

以色列士兵: 非暴力抗爭

is not going to stop the [unclear].

是無法阻止這【聲音模糊不清】

Protester: This is a peaceful march.

抗議人士: 這是和平的遊行

There is no need to use violence.

不需要使用暴力

Chanting: We can do it! We can do it!

口號聲: 我們會贏、我們會贏

We can do it!

我們會贏!

Julia Bacha: When I first heard

朱麗亞·巴夏: 當我第一次聽到

about the story of Budrus,

布德鲁斯村的故事時

I was surprised

我非常驚訝

that the international media had failed to cover

國際媒體竟然沒有報導

the extraordinary set of events

這一連串驚人的事件

that happened seven years ago,

而這不過就發生在幾年前

in 2003.

就在2003年

What was even more surprising

更令人驚訝的是

was the fact that Budrus was successful.

布德鲁斯村成功了

The residents, after 10 months of peaceful resistance,

居民抗爭十個月後

convinced the Israeli government

說服了以色列政府

to move the route of the barrier off their lands

將這道牆從他們的土地移開

and to the green line,

到綠線上

which is the internationally recognized boundary

也就是國際公認的

between Israel and the Palestinian Territories.

以巴領土分界線

The resistance in Budrus

布德鲁斯村的抗爭

has since spread

自此傳遍

to villages across the West Bank

全約旦河西岸的村子

and to Palestinian neighborhoods in Jerusalem.

以及耶路撒冷境內巴勒斯坦人居住的地區

Yet the media remains mostly silent

但是媒體還是沒有報導

on these stories.

這些事件

This silence carries profound consequences

這種漠視嚴重的影響

for the likelihood

非暴力運動

that nonviolence can grow,

在巴勒斯坦發展

or even survive,

甚至存活的

in Palestine.

可能性

Violent resistance

暴力抗爭

and nonviolent resistance

及非暴力抗爭

share one very important thing in common;

都有一個非常重要的共通點

they are both a form of theater

他們都是一種劇院

seeking an audience to their cause.

需要觀眾來關心他們的議題

If violent actors

如果只有使用暴力的人

are the only ones constantly getting front-page covers

才能上頭版

and attracting international attention

並引起國際媒體關注

to the Palestinian issue,

巴勒斯坦的議題

it becomes very hard

非暴力領袖

for nonviolent leaders

就很難

to make the case to their communities

向他們的民眾證明

that civil disobedience

公民抗命

is a viable option

是個可行的方式

in addressing their plight.

來解決當前的困境

The power of attention

關注的力量

is probably going to come as no surprise

可能對在場的父母親

to the parents in the room.

一點都不陌生

The surest way

如果小孩吵鬧

to make your child throw increasingly louder tantrums

就能得到父母的注意

is by giving him attention

那麼小孩再來就會

the first time he throws a fit.

吵得更凶

The tantrum will become

這種吵鬧的行為

what childhood psychologists call

就是兒童心理學家口中的

a functional behavior,

功能性行為

since the child has learned

因為小孩知道

that he can get parental attention out of it.

他能藉此得到父母的注意力

Parents can incentivize or disincentivize behavior

父母能透過給予孩童注意力

simply by giving or withdrawing

或是不給予孩童注意力

attention to their children.

來鼓勵或抑制這樣的行為

But that's true for adults too.

對於成人也是如此

In fact, the behavior

事實上

of entire communities and countries

每個國家及其人民

can be influenced,

都能被影響

depending on where

就端看

the international community chooses

國際社會選擇

to focus its attention.

聚焦在那裡

I believe that at the core of ending the conflict in the Middle East

我認為結束中東地區的衝突

and bringing peace

並為其帶來和平

is for us

的根本是

to transform nonviolence

要將非暴力抗爭轉變成

into a functional behavior

一個功能性行為

by giving a lot more attention

我們只要多關注

to the nonviolent leaders on the ground today.

這些帶動非暴力運動的領袖們

In the course of taking my film to villages

當我在拍攝約旦河西岸的村子

in the West Bank, in Gaza and in East Jerusalem,

以及加薩地區以及東耶路撒冷的村子時

I have seen the impact

我見證到

that even one documentary film can have

就算只是一部小小的紀錄片也能

in influencing the transformation.

影響行為模式的轉變

In a village called Wallajeh,

瓦拉杰村

which sits very close to Jerusalem,

座落的位置非常接近耶路撒冷

the community was facing

那裡的人面臨

a very similar plight to Budrus.

跟布德鲁斯村非常相似的困境

They were going to be surrounded, lose a lot of their lands

他們將被包圍並失去許多土地

and not have freedom of access,

也將失去往返

either to the West Bank or Jerusalem.

約旦河西岸和耶路撒冷的自由

They had been using nonviolence for about two years

他們已經持續非暴力抗爭兩年左右了

but had grown disenchanted

但是他們開始感到意志消沉

since nobody was paying attention.

因為沒有人注意他們

So we organized a screening.

於是我們安排了記錄片的播放

A week later,

一個禮拜後

they held the most well-attended

他們舉辦了目前為止人數最多

and disciplined

也最有紀律的

demonstration to date.

遊行

The organizers say

舉辦人說

that the villagers, upon seeing the story of Budrus

村民見到布德鲁斯村的故事

documented in a film,

被記錄在影片後

felt that there were indeed people

發現確實有人

following what they were doing,

在跟隨他們的腳步

that people cared.

人們是在乎的

So they kept on going.

於是他們堅持了下去

On the Israeli side,

在以色列那邊則有

there is a new peace movement called Solidariot,

名為索里德拉爾特的和平運動

which means solidarity in Hebrew.

在希伯来語中表示團结一致

The leaders of this movement have been using Budrus

這些運動的領袖都把布德鲁斯村的故事

as one of their primary recruiting tools.

當作主要的工具來號召群眾

They report

他們反映說

that Israelis who had never been active before,

從未參與過抗爭活動的以色列人

upon seeing the film,

看過影片後

understand the power of nonviolence

了解到非暴力的力量

and start joining their activities.

也開始加入他們的抗爭

The examples of Wallajeh

瓦拉杰村

and the Solidariot movement

和索里德拉爾特的和平運動

show that even a small-budget independent film

展現出小成本的獨立製片

can play a role

也能幫助

in transforming nonviolence

非暴力行為轉變成

into a functional behavior.

功能性行為

Now imagine the power

想象一下主流媒體

that big media players could have

開始報導這些每個禮拜

if they started covering

都在村子裡進行的

the weekly nonviolent demonstrations

非暴力遊行

happening in villages

時所產生的影響力

like Bil'in, Ni'lin,

貝拉因村、尼因村

Wallajeh,

和瓦拉杰村

in Jerusalem neighborhoods

這些位處耶路撒冷境內

like Sheikh Jarrah and Silwan --

香克哈拉和西路万的

the nonviolent leaders

非暴力領導人的事跡

would become more visible,

就會得到更多關注

valued and effective

他們的工作就更有價值

in their work.

更有效果了

I believe

我認為

that the most important thing

最重要的是

is to understand

要了解

that if we don't pay attention to these efforts,

如果沒有人關注他們的付出﹐ 那這些事

they are invisible,

就像隱形的

and it's as if they never happened.

好像從未發生過

But I have seen first hand

但我親身經歷過

that if we do,

只要我們關注

they will multiply.

他們就會開始發展

If they multiply,

如果他們開始發展

their influence will grow

他們的影響力會在

in the overall Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

以巴衝突中發揮影響

And theirs is the kind of influence

而他們的影響力就是那種

that can finally

能夠

unblock the situation.

化解衝突的影響力

These leaders have proven that nonviolence works

這些領導人證明了非暴力是可行的

in places like Budrus.

就算在布德鲁斯村這樣的地方

Let's give them attention

我們來關注他們

so they can prove it works everywhere.

幫助他們證明自己

Thank you.

謝謝

(Applause)

【掌聲】