they met enemies face to face

她們讓敵人直接面對死亡

endure tragedies and enjoy victories

忍受悲劇和享受勝利

they went down in history due to the bravery of their crews

她們因為船員的英勇行為而被載入史書

they are the ships that deserve to be called

她們值得被稱為

naval legends

「海上傳奇」

in this episode

這一集

USS Yorktown

USS Yorktown 號

pride of US Navy

美國海軍的驕傲

on December 7th 1941 Japan attacked US naval vessels moored at Pearl Harbor

1941 年 12 月 7 日，日本帝國海軍在為宣戰下攻擊美國海軍停泊在珍珠港的軍艦

without a declaration of war the majority the US fleet station there was sunk or disabled

停泊在珍珠港的美國海軍軍艦非沉即傷

the main strike was delivered by Japanese planes

主要攻勢是由日本海軍在夏威夷附近的航空母艦上的艦載機所發起

brought to Hawaii by aircraft carriers

這次攻擊象徵美國

the attack signal the United States

正式進入第二次世界大戰

entry into World War two

對珍珠港的突襲也代表擁有強大武裝的戰艦

the assault on Pearl Harbor showed that powerful arm the battleships

不再是海軍主力

ceased to be the main naval force

美國海軍急需航空母艦艦隊

the US navy needed a fleet of aircraft carriers

可以有效在太平洋戰區行動

to successfully operate in the Pacific Ocean

新航空母艦的首艦 Essex 號

the lead ship from a new class USS Essex

在 1941 年 4 月安放龍骨

was laid down in April 1941

CV-5 Yorktown 號作為新一級航空母艦的原型艦

the USS Yorktown cv5 that bravely fought the Japanese

在中途島之役與日軍英勇奮戰後戰沉

and was sunk during the Battle of Midway served as prototype for the new class

原先被命名為 Bon Homme Richard 的二號艦

the second ship initially named Bon Homme Richard

重新命名為 Yorktown 號以紀念前艦

was then renamed USS Yorktown to honor her predecessor

當設計 Essex 級時

when designing the Essex class

美國工程師將早期航空母艦的缺點加以改進

American engineers took shortcomings from earlier carriers into

Yorktown 號更大

consideration the New Yorktown was bigger

擁有更強大的防空火力

had increased anti-aircraft armament powerful air group

更強大的艦載機隊和其他新設計

and host other new features

Yorktown 號在 1943 年 Virginia 州的 Newport News 造船廠服役

USS Yorktown was commissioned in 1943 at Newport News Virginia

並在大西洋海域進行海試

and where she left for her sea trials in the Atlantic

之後被派往太平洋戰區

and then she was sent to the Pacific theater of operations

從 1943 年一直待到終戰的 1945 年

from 1943 through the end of the war in 1945

全長：266 公尺

length 266 meter

全寬： 54 公尺

beam 54 meters

全高：接近 25 公尺

height almost 25 meters

總排水量： 36,200 噸

total displacement 36200 tons

吃水約 8.4 公尺

draft about 8,4 meters

防空火力： 12 門 MK. 12 5 吋炮

anti-aircraft artillery 12 times 127 mm

17 座四聯裝 Bofors MK.2 防空炮

mark 12 guns 17 times quadruple Bofors mark two 40 mm

51 門 Oerlicon MK.4 防空機炮

51 times Oerlicon mark.4 20 mm

主裝甲帶：64 到 102 毫米

armor belt 64 to 102 mm

艦橋屋頂：37 毫米

pilot house roof 37 mm

艦載機數：最多 100 架戰機

air group up to a 100 aircraft

F6F Hellcat 戰鬥機

F6F Hellcat destroyers

SB2C Helldiver 俯衝轟炸機

SB2C Helldiver Bombers

TBF Avenger 魚雷轟炸機

TBF Avenger torpedo bombers

推進系統： 8 座 Babcock & Wilcox 鍋爐

propulsion 8 times boilers from Babcock & Wilcox

4 具 Westinghouse 蒸汽輪機

4 times Westinghouse geared steam turbines

功率：150,000 匹馬力

power 150000 horsepower

極速：32.7 節

maximum speed 32.7 knots

續航力： 15 節下 15,000 海哩

range 15,000 nautical miles

Yorktown 號是 Essex 級主力航空母艦中的其中一艘

at 15 knots

在第二次世界大戰中由美國建造

Yorktown is one of the heavy strike aircraft carriers Essex Class

在 1942 年至 1945 年間　美國海軍一共有 17 艘本級航空母艦服役

Constructed by the US during world war 2

最終建造了 24 艘 Essex 級航空母艦

the US Navy Commission 17 ships at this class between 1942 and 1945

這是史上第一次如此大的軍艦被大量地建造

In total, 24 Essex class aircraft carriers were built

Essex 號是本級的首艦，舷號 CV-9

It was the first time in history vessels that size were mass-produced

稍後建造的 Yorktown 號舷號則是 CV-10

the USS Essex first the class receive the hull numbers CV-9

Yorktown 號在 1943 年 4 月 15 日服役

USS Yorktown built later was assigned CV-10

Joseph Clock 上校成為首任艦長

USS Yorktown was commissioned on the 15th of April 1943

並在海試和艦載機中隊訓練過程中指揮本艦

Captain Joseph Clock commanded the ship during her sea trials

Yorktown 號並沒有厚重的裝甲和強大的主炮　但航空母艦不需要這些東西

and first training air group flights

她遠離前線作戰

Yorktown lacked thick armor and powerful main guns but aircraft carrier does not need either

並派遣艦載機中隊與敵人交戰

she stays away from the line of fire

Yorktown 號利用甲板上的兩座彈射器將戰機送上天空

and uses her air group to attack the enemy

一具位於左舷　另一具則位於右舷

Yorktown launched aircraft from to catapult on the flight deck

彈射器在甲板下運作

one was located port and the other starboard

這邊這些巨大的水箱儲存著彈射器所需要的液壓液

the catapults were operated from below decks

來推動活塞

These big tanks here to store all the hydraulic fluid that was needed

這玩意會被

to propel the piston

壓縮

this thing would be pulled

接著液壓液會被注入活塞中

tight

並會將桿子往前推進

and then the hydraulic fluid would be pumped

這些纜線會向後跑

into the cylinder and which would push the bar all away forward

最終將戰機送上天空

and these cable with run backward

非常複雜的一套機制

and then it would propel the aircraft off the flight deck that very intricate very

因為這些纜線要通過艦身到達飛行甲板上

complicated because you had cable

與她的前輩相比　Yorktown 更快

that would running through the show to get to the flight deck

並且能多航行 3,000 海哩

compared to her predecessor Yorktown was faster

Yorktown 號的另一項優勢是 4 間輪機艙交替配置

And could go 3,000 miles farther

她是第一艘擁有這種設計的航空母艦

another important advantage of Yorktown was the independent work for four engine boiler rooms

每一具主機都有鍋爐和輪機艙

she was the first aircraft carrier to have this feature

如果不幸損失三具主機

each machine had boiler and turbine rooms

船艦仍能靠倖存的主機鍋爐正常航行

in the event of loss of three machines

這是鍋爐所在，她的燃料是稱為「重油」的東西

the ship could still function properly with one remaining engine boiler room

重油非常黏稠　像布丁一樣

this is their boiler right here the you something called bunker oil

在加入鍋爐以前必須先加熱才有辦法燃燒

which is very very thick like a pudding

接著才能加熱水產生蒸氣　接著送到隔壁艙間驅動輪機

they have to heat it before to the boiler

Yorktown 號上的員起居空間非常接近工具區域

they could burn it then and then that would heat up the steam the water into steam which will go into the next room for to run the turbines

一旦船艦被擊中可能引發嚴重後果

Crew quarter on Yorktown was situated very close to workshops

因此特別重視對船艦和水兵的防護

which could cause serious problems in the event the ship was hit

Yorktown 號上的所有武裝都儲存在船艦的下層甲板

special attention was paid to the safety of the ship and her crew

一旦起火　這些艙間可以馬上注水

all of Yorktown's ordinance was stored on the lower decks at the cabin

來避免彈藥殉爆

in case of a fire these compartments could be easily flooded

炸彈會從下層的火藥庫送到這邊

to prevent explosions

接著炸彈會在台車上組裝

A bomb would be brought up from the bunker down below

軍械士會在炸彈後面裝上彈翼

any would be brought and the bomb would be assembled on a on a carrier

將炸彈組裝起來　但他們不會裝上引信

and they would put the the fins on the back to the bomb

引信要等到炸彈送上飛行甲板才會組裝

they will put that against the bomb itself but they wouldn't put the fuse in

因為一旦引信裝上

the fuse would be waiting for them already up

就有可能引爆　進而損害整艘船艦

on the flight deck because if you put a fuse in a bomb

艦上的所有甲板都有自己的損害控管系統

there's the possibility that the bomb would explode in damage the carrier

可以控制火災的排氣系統

all the carrier’s decks have their own damage control compartments

另一項重要問題是船艦被敵方

which gave access to venting and fire fighting systems

炸彈或魚雷擊中後船艦和水兵的安全

another important issue was the safety of the ship and her crew

這邊在 1944 年被炸彈擊中

in case the ship was struck by enemy bomb or torpedo

炸彈擊中後穿過這邊並在艦體內爆炸

right here in 1944

艦上有一套被稱為「逃生艙蓋」的系統

A bomb actually went through here and then went down the side the ship exploded on the whole

來拯救水兵的性命

The systems with special escape hatches were designed

如果船艦水線以下被擊中

to save the lives of the crew

水兵可以放棄損壞或浸水的艙間並爬到上一層甲板

if the ship was hit below the waterline sailors could abandon the damaged

一旦所有水兵都安全撤離　水密門就會被徹底鎖上

or flooding compartment and climb up to the next level

輪舵室可以直接控制整艘船艦

once all the crew members were safe the hatches to the department was sealed shot

控制台匯集了船艦的所有參數

the pilot house have direct control of the ship

例如航向和航速

the control station gathered all the information about ship status

Yorktown 號上也擁有數個備用輪舵室

such as heading and speed

這邊可以看到所有的數據

Yorktown also had several backup control rooms

跟艦橋看到的一樣

it tells everything it reads same way

引擎轉速、航向、航速

as it does up in a bridge the revolutions, the direction,

航速可以從這邊控制

the shaft speed it's all here

1943 年春天，她第一次參加大型行動

and the shaft can be controlled from here

Gilbert 群島附近的 Tarawa 之役

in the fall of 1943 the aircraft carrier took part in her first major operation

隨後在 1944 年年初　她參與支援 Marshall 群島進攻的行動

near the Gilbert Islands, the Battle of Tarawa

並且轟炸關島上的日本機場

later in the beginning in 1944 the ship support the invasion of the Marshall Islands

Yorktown 號和其他 Essex 級航空母艦

and attacked Japanese air force bases on Guam

成為美軍在第二次世界大戰太平洋戰區的主力

USS Yorktown another Essex class aircraft carriers

她們在太平洋戰區幾乎無役不與

became a US Navy's main weapon in the Pacific theater of operations during world war 2

她們被日本人認為極度危險

they participated in nearly every operation in the pacific

也是神風特攻隊飛行員的首要目標

the ships were considered so dangerous by the Japanese they were frequently

Yorktown 非常幸運能夠躲過這些攻擊

selected his targets by kamikaze pilots

但例如 Bunker Hill 號等則遭受神風特攻隊的嚴重損害

Yorktown was lucky enough to avoid them

儘管損傷嚴重　Bunker Hill 仍舊未沉沒

USS Bunker Hill for example sustained heavy damage after a kamikaze attack

Essex 級航空母艦擁有不可思議的生存能力

Despite the extensive damage Bunker Hill survives

事實上　日本人沒能擊沉任何一艘 Essex 級航空母艦

the Essex class vessels were incredibly durable ships

1945 年 4 月 1 日

in fact none of these ships were ever sunk by the Japanese

沖繩島登陸行動展開　接下來六週

on April the first 1945

Yorktown 號上的艦載機持續提供島上的部隊掩護

the assault on the Okinawa Island began over the course of the next six weeks

每三天她就要離開戰場

Yorktowns aircraft provided continuous Air Support to troops landing on the island

加油並補給

every 3 days the ship would leave the battlefield

這個例行公事只中斷一次

to refuel and resupply

當時 Yorktown 號接到命令攻擊日本最有名的戰艦大和號

this routine was broken only once when Yorktown received the order

日本帝國海軍聯合艦隊的旗艦

to repel the attack with the famous Japanese battleship Yamato

到了 1945 年 　日本帝國海軍已經處在毀滅邊緣

the flagship for the Combined Imperial Japanese Navy

軍令部被迫採取極端措施

by 1945 the Japanese Navy was on the brink of destruction

大和號被賦予擊退美軍航空兵

the high command was forced to resort to extreme measures

並協防琉球本島對抗登陸部隊的任務

Yamato was tasked with repealing the attack to the US aviation

這實質上是自殺任務

and defend the Ryukyu Island against invasion

艦上並未搭載足夠從沖繩返回的燃料

it was effectively a suicide mission

4 月 27 日　Yorktown 和其他第 58 特遣艦隊的航空母艦

as the ships did not have enough fuel to come back from Okinawa

前往攔截被稱為鋼鐵巨獸的大和號

on April 27 Yorktown together with the other carriers of Task Force 58

在美軍戰機的兩波攻擊下　大和號看似屹立不搖

advance to intercept the Japanese ships that by the steel monster Yamato

Yorktown 號參與對大和號的最後兩波攻擊

after two waves of attack took the US aircraft Yamato seemed invincible

第一波攻擊

Yorktown participated in the final two attacks on the Japanese battleship

Yorktown 號的飛行中隊就成功摧毀大和號上多數的火炮

on her first wave

和擊傷引擎並使大和號失去航行控制

Yorktown's aircraft managed to destroy most Yamato's gun batteries

在被超過 20 枚魚雷和炸彈的直接命中後

and damage the engine room and the battleship lost maneuvering control

大和號開始傾斜

after more than 20 direct torpedo and bomb hits

隨著傾斜角度增加　鋼鐵巨獸開始起火並引爆彈藥庫

Yamato began to this as earnest increased she capsized

巨大的爆炸將艦身扯成兩截　濃煙竄上 4 英里的高空

and ammunition stores detonated a monstrous blast tore the ship apart

就連距離戰場遙遠的 Yorktown 號上的乘員都能看到這次爆炸的威力

a smoke billow rose up to four miles even crew members on Yorktown

大和號的覆滅象徵著日本海軍的末日

some tens of miles away from the battle could see the effect to the explosion

自此日本再無任何大型戰艦

the destruction of Yamato established the defeat to the Japanese Navy

日本帝國無力阻擋美國海軍在太平洋上的推進

Japan did not have large battleships anymore

再擊沉大和號後　 Yorktown 號上的飛行中隊

the Land of the Rising Sun was powerless to stop the US Navy in the pacific

參與對東京附近

after sinking Yamato, Yorktown's Air Group participate

吳港的空襲行動

in a bombing at the Cure Naval Base

在太平洋戰區的行動過程中 Yorktown 號獲得 11 枚戰鬥之星勳章

the military targets near Tokyo

她在 1947 年年初除役

Yorktown received 11 battle stars for her service in the pacific

再五年的封存後　她接受各項現代化改造

she was decommission in the beginning of the 1947

並在 1953 年重新服役

Mothballed for 5 years the ship then went on several modernizations

改造後的 Yorktown 號被賦予不同任務

and was recommissioned in 1953

從拍攝電影到美國海軍太平洋艦隊旗艦

the newly modernized Yorktown assume different roles

1965 年她再次投入戰場

ranging from a movie set to a flagship during a large scale US Navy deployment in the Pacific

這次是在越戰時期的南中國海

in 1965 she participated in combat operations again

再服役末期　Yorktown 擔任阿波羅 8 號太空艙回收艦

this time in South China Sea during the Vietnam War

1970 年　Yorktown 號除役

towards the end of her military service Yorktown served as the recovery ship for Apollo 8 space station

1975 年　她正式被改建成博物館並在 South Carolina 州的 Charleston 展出

in 1970 the old town was decommissioned

直到今日

and in 1975 she was formally opened as a museum in Charleston, South Carolina

Yorktown 號在這的目的是傳承在船上服役的水兵們的犧牲奉獻和記憶

where she remains to this day

並且和過去產生更多互動

the purpose of the Yorktown being here is to perpetuate the memories

讓年輕人更了解歷史並更享受歷史

and sacrifices of those who served on this vessel

and to make it more interactive than it has been in the past

and the young people will see more about the history and they will enjoy it more