In This week's lesson, you're going to be learning about transitive and intransitive verbs.

在本週的課程中，你將學習及物動詞和不及物動詞。

Transitive and intransitive verbs?

及物動詞和不及物動詞？

Bwuuuuh?!

什麼？！

Ok...ok, relax. Those words sound complicated, they sound difficult, but it's actually not that big of a deal.

好的……好的，放鬆點。 這些字聽起來很複雜，聽起來很難，但其實沒什麼大不了的。

This is one of the fundamentals of English grammar and something that many many students get wrong.

這是英語文法的基礎之一，也是許多學生犯錯的地方。

Basically, when we talk about transitive or intransitive verbs, what we're actually talking about is objects.

基本上，當我們談論及物動詞或不及物動詞時，我們實際上談論的是受詞。

So! You're super smart, so you know that English is subject, verb, object.

所以！ 你超聰明，所以你知道英文是主詞、動詞、受詞。

The object is generally the thing receiving the verb, receiving the action.

受詞通常是接受動詞、接受動作的事物。

But there are two kinds of objects: direct and indirect.

但受詞有兩種：直接受詞和間接受詞。

A direct object comes immediately after the verb. It comes directly after.

直接受詞緊接在動詞之後。它直接出現在後面。

"I bought a car."

「我買了一輛車。」

An indirect object means there is something between the verb and the object. It is not direct!

間接受詞是指動詞和受詞之間有東西。不是直接的！

"I went to the store."

「我去了商店。」

'The store' is the object, 'went' is the verb, 'to' is a preposition; it's the connector.

「商店」是受詞，「去」是動詞，「到」是個介系詞，是連接詞。

So what does this have to do with transitive or intransitive?

那麼，這和及物或不及物有什麼關係呢？

Well, I'm glad you asked, voice in my head!

我很高興你問了，我腦子裡的聲音！

A transitive verb, is a verb that is able to take a direct object after it.

及物動詞，是指能夠在後面直接接受詞的動詞。

But an intransitive verb cannot take a direct object.

但不及物動詞不能直接接受詞。

Or sometimes it doesn't need an object at all.

或者有時它不需要受詞。

Confused yet? It's alright. Let me give you an example.

困惑了嗎？不要緊，我給你舉一個例子。

"I ran". No object necessary. That is a complete sentence.

「我跑步了」。不需要受詞。這是一個完整的句子。

But if you wanted to add an object, you need a preposition. "I ran to the store."

但是，如果你想加一個受詞，你就需要一個介系詞。「我跑到商店去了。」

Compare this with a transitive verb.

用一個及物動詞來比較。

"I bought."... That's incorrect. That's not a complete sentence.

「我買了。」這是不正確的。這句話不完整。

The most common mistake I hear is students saying, "Ah, I like."

我最常聽到的錯誤是學生說：「啊，我喜歡。」

What? You like what?

什麼？你喜歡什麼？

The tricky part is that which verbs are transitive and which verbs are intransitive, a lot of it is just memorization.

棘手的是，哪些動詞是轉折詞，哪些動詞是不轉折詞，很多都是需要背誦的。

And I know, I know. You hate memorization. I hate memorization.

我知道，我知道。你討厭背東西，我也討厭背東西。

But sometimes, that's what you have to do.

但有時，這是你必須要做的。

However! There is a guideline that can help.

但是！有一個準則可以幫助你。

Usually, intransitive verbs are verbs of movement; go, run, walk.

通常，不及物動詞是運動的動詞，像是 go，run，walk。

Another example of an intransitive verb is 'happen'.

另一個不及物動詞的例子是 happen。

So transitive verbs require an object and it's generally a direct object.

所以及物動詞需要一個對象，而且一般是直接受詞。

Intransitive verbs do not require an object and usually there's a preposition or an adverbial phrase after the verb.

不及物動詞不需要受詞，通常動詞後面有介詞或副詞片語。

Some verbs are the third category: bitransitive.

有些動詞是第三類：bitransitive （及物、不及物動詞兼具的動詞）。

As you can probably guess, a bitransitive verb is the one that can be used in a transitive situation or an intransitive one.

你大概可以猜到，bitransitive 是指可以在及物或不及物情況下使用的動詞。

Often the meaning can change.

通常情況下，意思可以改變。

As an example, "He runs to the store." It has that feeling of movement.

舉個例子，「他跑去商店。」它有那種運動的感覺。

Now, if we change it, "He runs the store." It is actually correct, because run is a bitransitive verb.

現在，如果我們把它改成「他開店」。實際上是正確的，因為 run 是一個及物、不及物兼具的動詞。

But the meaning is completely different.

但意思卻完全不同。

In case you were wondering, "He runs the store" means he manages the store, he controls the store.

如果你想知道，「他經營著這家店」的意思是，他管理著這家店，他控制著這家店。

So transitive and intransitive verbs are very important, basic parts of grammar, and they're connected with how you use an object with the verb.

所以，及物動詞和不及物動詞是很重要的，是基本的文法，它們與動詞如何使用受詞有關。

There are three kinds: transitive, intransitive and bitransitive.

動詞有及物、不及物和兩者兼具三種。

Transitive requires a direct object.

及物動詞需要一個直接受詞。

Intransitive does not require an object, but if there is an object, there is usually a prepositional phrase or an adverbial phrase.

不及物動詞不需要受詞，但如果有受詞的話，通常有一個介系詞組或副詞片語。

And bitransitive verbs swing both ways.

而 bitransitive 是兩者兼具。

You can use them transitively or intransitively.

可以用在及物或不及物的情況。

But be careful because some verbs change meaning when you use transitive or intransitive.

但要小心，因為當你使用及物或不及物時，某些動詞的含義會改變。

Now you are masters of verbs and objects.

現在你是動詞和受詞的大師了。

If you have any questions, you know what to do.

如果你有任何問題，你知道該怎麼做。

And as always, thank you for subscribing, and I will see you next time!

並一如既往地感謝你的訂閱，我們下次再見！