Name: TED】Stephen Coleman:非致命性武器的道德危險。 (【TED】Stephen Coleman: The moral dangers of non-lethal weapons)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:57:02.000Z
Duration: 17 min 33 s

is some of the problems that the military of the Western world --

Australia, United States, U.K. and so on --

在調遣部署時所面臨的一些問題.

that they're dealing with in the modern world at this time.

that we've sent Australian military personnel to in recent years,

近幾年我們派給澳大利亞軍隊的任務；

we've got obvious things like Iraq and Afghanistan,

but you've also got things like East Timor

還有东帝汶 【位于东南亚】 —

that we're actually sending military personnel to these days

並不是我們所熟悉的傳統戰爭。

事實上，很多這些我們讓士兵做的事情

that we're asking the military personnel to do in these situations

are ones that, in their own countries, in Australia, the United States and so on,

在像澳大利亞和美國這樣的國家

would actually be done by police officers.

And so there's a bunch of problems that come up

所以，當士兵從事此類任務時 --

for military personnel in these situations,

because they're doing things that they haven't really been trained for,

因為他們對這樣的任務並沒有受過良好的訓練，

that those who do them in their own countries

警務人員接受的是完全不同的培訓，

If Australia had to send a thousand people tomorrow

假如澳大利亞要在一夜之間調動一千個人 --

we don't have a thousand police officers hanging around

and we do have a thousand soldiers that could go.

但我們的確有一千名士兵隨時都能走。

So when we have to send someone, we send the military --

所以，當我們要調動人時，我們會派這些士兵去，

因為他們就在那隨時準備待命。

and, heck, they're used to going off and doing these things

這些士兵的確也能勝任此類任務

他們習慣了在沒有後勤的情況下，去這去哪，做這做那的。

But they aren't trained in the same way that police officers are

但是問題就在於他們所受的訓練與警務人員的不同，

and they're certainly not equipped in the same way police officers are.

And so this has raised a bunch of problems for them

所以，士兵在處理這類事務時會遇到很多麻煩。

一個特別讓我感興趣的問題是，

當我們派遣這些士兵去做這些任務時，

when we're sending military personnel to do these sorts of jobs,

我們應不應該讓他們攜帶不同的裝備

we ought to be equipping them differently,

and in particular, whether we ought to be giving them access

確切的說，我們應不應該讓士兵們配備

to some of the sorts of non-lethal weapons that police have.

警務人員所使用的非殺傷性武器。

Since they're doing some of these same jobs,

maybe they should have some of those things.

和警察他們做的一樣的事情，他們也應該裝備的一樣。

where you'd think those things would be really useful.

這些非殺傷性武器還是挺管用的。

So for example, when you've got military checkpoints.

If people are approaching these checkpoints

and the military personnel there are unsure

and they say, "Well is this a suicide bomber or not?

Have they got something hidden under their clothing? What's going to happen?"

“他們是不是藏了一些東西在他們的衣服裡面?到底會發生什麽 ?”

They don't know whether this person's hostile or not.

If this person doesn't follow directions,

“不！我們殺了無辜的老百姓。“

但是，如果士兵們有非殺傷性武器

then they would say, "Well we can use them in that sort of situation.

他們會想，”在這些情況下，我們可以用這個。”

This photo is actually from one of the missions

這張照片是拍自1990年末，巴爾幹半島的

where perhaps they know someone who's hostile,

where they've got someone shooting at them

有人很明顯的對士兵們表現出敵意，

or doing something else that's clearly hostile, throwing rocks, whatever.

But if they respond, there's a range of other people around,

但是，如果士兵在這個時候回擊的話，

who are innocent people who might also get hurt --

很可能會連類一大群無辜的老百姓。

be collateral damage that the military often doesn't want to talk about.

軍事人員一般都不喜歡談論像這樣的附帶損害

So again, they would say, "Well if we have access to non-lethal weapons,

所以，他們會想，“如果有非殺傷性武器的話，

and know that if we hit anyone else around the place,

at least, again, we're not going to kill them."

至少我們不會殺死這些老百姓。

since we're putting so many robots in the field,

現在越來越多的機器人被使用在不同的任務中

where they're actually going to be sending robots out in the field that are autonomous.

在不久的將來，完全自動化的機器人會被派遣到戰場上。

They're going to make their own decisions about who to shoot and who not to shoot

他們會在沒有人類控制的情況下，

if we're going to send robots out and allow them to do this,

如果我們真的要派遣機器人去執行這些任務

maybe it would be a good idea, again, with these things

，給機器人裝備非殺傷性武器可能是更明智之舉

if they were armed with non-lethal weapons

so that if the robot makes a bad decision and shoots the wrong person,

這樣的話，就算機器人做錯了決定，射錯了人

again, they haven't actually killed them.

Now there's a whole range of different sorts of non-lethal weapons,

現在有不同種類，各種各樣的非殺傷性武器，

some of which are obviously available now,

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TED】Stephen Coleman:非致命性武器的道德危險。 (【TED】Stephen Coleman: The moral dangers of non-lethal weapons)

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