from engVid. Yeah, sorry, I was just singing a song by Fat Boy Slim; came out 2006. It's

about demonstratives. I mean, you could go for this, or you could go for that. And you're

going to say: "Why did I change it?" We're going to do demonstratives, and you're going

to understand why I was singing and doing that little dance, and you're going to find

out why I moved the book to me and away from me when I changed. You ready? Let's go to

the board.

All right, so E is talking about "this" or "that". No difference here, but there is a

difference over here. When we say "this" in English, we mean something is near or close.

For instance: "Are you talking about this book?" Or maybe you're talking about that

book. You go: "That book, yeah, that book. It was over there." So "this" is here. When

we talk about "this", we're talking about here. When we talk about "that", we're talking

about there. Okay? See? Near is close to you, and that is not close or far. Another way

to remember it if you get a little confused, see the "a" in "that", it means away, away

from you. Cool? All right, I thought you'd like that. It's considered relative distance.

"Relative" meaning there's no real distance. I can say: "I like this marker", but it's

not near to me, but it's closer than the marker that's over there. Okay? All right. Good.

Now, there are two types of demonstratives. We can talk about pronouns and adjectives,

but before we get there, let's look at what a pronoun is. A pronoun is something that

can stand by itself; it represents something. You know these already: "he", "she', "it",

"we", "they", "us", they're pronouns. Right? Some are subjects, some are object. Right?

They represent nouns. For instance, if I said: "Mr. E is happy", I can then afterwards say:

"He is going... He is happy because he is going to a party." "He" represents E. All

right? So it's a pronoun, but it can also stand by itself as in: "He is sitting in the

room by himself." Right? We know "he" is a male of some type sitting in a room.

When we talk about an adjective, we use adjectives to describe nouns, so they help us with nouns.

What kind of man? The tall man is sitting in the room by himself. Still talking about

a man, but now we have more information, and that's what adjectives do. They describe nouns.

So as we move down here and we look at demonstrative... Demonstratives, we can have them either as

pronouns and adjectives. What do we mean? When a demonstrative is a pronoun, it comes...

Oops. It comes before a verb. Right? Or it could be a verb by itself. Okay? So we could

say: "This is my car." Notice: "this" is the pronoun, "is my car", like: "it is my car".

Same, except we're using "this". Right?

Now, where do you think that car is when you say: "This is my car"? Do you think it's way

over there or maybe it's here? Probably here. I'm probably opening the door-ch, ch-"This

is my car. That is his car over there." All right? And you can say... See how it stands

by itself? "Do you like that?" Or: "Did you like that?" Something happened. Right? Maybe

somebody, you know, said: "Happy Birthday to you, Happy Birthday to you", and I say:

"Hey, did you like that, the fact that they were singing?" Did you like that? It can stand

on its own. All right? Here, as we said, is the verb, and our pronoun; and here it stands

by itself.

Now, what happens when we want to actually use it to help...? Help us describe something?

All right? We're going to go over here to the demonstrative adjective. All right? Now

this is really easy. You just put "this" before a noun. "This cup", "This book", "This marker".

You just learned demonstrative adjectives. What are you talking about? This marker or

this marker? That's it. Put it in front. And here we go, right? "This car is mine." So

you can imagine there's a car, and I'm saying: "This car" to describe which kind of car?

This car. And: "Did you like that book? Did you like that book?"

Would the book be close or far, what do you think? I think it would probably be away from

me. Right? Remember? We're always talking about relative distance. So even though you

hear: "this" and "that", you have to keep in mind it's about distance - how close something

is to you or how far. So we've got near/far, or close/not close. And the easy way to remember

"that", if you remember, I said "a" means away. That car, it's probably something over

there. So you got there and away. Cool? I'm glad you like it, because we're about to come

back with a little more. Ready? [Snaps]

Okay. We talked about demonstratives, and we talked about "this" and "that", but demonstratives

can also be in the plural form, meaning more than one. Right? I can say: "I want this marker",

or I can say: "I want these markers." I know "this" and "these" seem similar, but one:

"these", the "z" sound is plural and the "ss" like a soft snake, sipping from a sippy cup,

"s" is a soft "s" in the single, so this.

So let's look at the chart here, what we have. So when something is close to us, we have

"this", which is the single. Right? And it means here. And we have "these" with a "z"

sound which also means here, but plural. This pen or these pens. Okay? Now, when we talk

about the demonstratives that are not close, we say... Not close, there, we have "that"

which you know, and "that" I told you "a" means away from to help you remember, but

we also have "those". Right. Long "o" sound and the same "z" sound. So the "z" sound is

in both plurals, so it makes it easy for you. Right? "These" and "those". All right? Good.

So let's look at demonstrative adjectives when we're using them as plurals. "These shoes

are nice." Well, not these shoes. Clearly, I'm wearing some, but these shoes don't smell

nice, but they are nice. They're comfortable. Okay? These shoes, they're on my feet, so

I'll point at them. Right? Now, if I say as a pronoun: "These are nice shoes." This is

the pronoun. Remember we talked about it? "These are", there's a verb. Right? Helping

us indicate that these are the pronoun, demonstrative pronouns. Now we want to talk about "those",

remember? Distance. "Those cars are old." Far away. "Those cars", with that "z" sound.

We can also talk about, as a demonstrative pronoun: "Those are our..." "Those are old

cars." And you thought English was hard. It's hard for me, too. Okay? Okay, so we've got

our demonstrative adjectives, "these shoes", "these cars", remember? "These" is modifying

"shoes" in this case, and "those" are modifying "cars", and then we have them as pronouns.

Right? "These are"-all right? Standing by itself-"nice shoes". And: "These are old cars."

Standing by itself. We cool? Good.

Let's move on. So we've done the single and the plural. Something funny about demonstratives,

and I understand why people might be confused. We talk about distance. And I was very clear

at the beginning to talk about relative distance, because there's relative distance between

things: "this" and "that", but there's also a relative distance between time. And you're

probably saying: "What the hell is he talking about?" Well, when something is finished,

we think about it being far away. Right? When you were a child, we say: "When you were a

child", if you're an adult, you don't think being a child is right behind you. You think

some long, long time ago. Yeah? Or far distance from you. You've changed. Now, when you think

about what's happening today or this very day, you think now is close. I mean you can't

point to me and say where this is in time, and you can't point to me and tell me where

that is in the past and it's completed, but you have an idea that there's a distance involved.

Right?

Well, we're using the same demonstratives in English when we talk about time, so let's

take a look at the board. Now it's that time to learn something new, and what do I mean?

Well, we're going to talk about time and "now", and notice how I used the demonstrative "that".

Okay? The same kind of set work... You see how I set this up here? It's almost the exact

same thing. "This" is single and it's close, and "these" with a "z" sound is plural. Right?

And then there's a difference. Notice how it was "not close" and I changed it to "finished".

When we say "that" and "those", we're talking about things that are completed in our mind.

Done. Right?

I'll give you an example. Well, give you two. When I talk about something being close, I

might say: "At this time I want to introduce Mr. E."-[claps]-"Give it up, Mr. E." He's

not coming. He's not on the board. But I mean the near, now, everyone's going to look around

the room and go: "Where is E? Where is E?" They're looking for him now. We're not talking

about five days from now or four days ago. We're talking about now. Where is he at this

time?

But then when we talk about: "In those days a worm knew his place. He wasn't supposed

to be on the board. Look, making little pictures of himself. No, worms didn't do that." When

we're talking about a time that's completed, maybe 20-30 years ago, worms weren't allowed

to be on the board teaching with humans. But in these days, this time, at this time things

have changed. So when we say: "In those days", we talk about something that's completed or

gone. Okay? So a worm knew his place 20 years ago, 30 years ago.

But at this time, I want to... At this time I want to go to the quiz. See how I changed

that? I kind of used the lesson to teach. Yeah? Yeah. I liked it. Anyway, we're going

to do a quick quiz. As always, I want you to do the quiz just as a kind of an appetizer,

something to make you a little bit more hungry for the real quiz that we have on engVid,

which I know you're going to go to.

Now, let's look here: "Can you meet me at __________ same time tomorrow?"

Here's a hint... Hint. It's close to now, close. So we have to look at the board. You're

going to look over here and over there. I'm trying to trick you now. I'm going to trick

you and you won't figure it out. "At this time tomorrow." Right? In my mind, it's...

The time is close. We're not talking a year or two. I'm talking 24 hours is close to now.

At this exact same time tomorrow. Close to now.

How about the next one? "Can I see __________ coat over there?"

[Whistles] Now, I didn't say "coats", I said "coat", so that's probably going to be: "Can

I see that coat?" "Over there" was the hint, it's away from me. Right? And remember I told

you "a" means away. Cool?

How about the last one? "What are __________ shoes doing in here?"

Well, if it's a closet, they should be there, but: "What are __________ shoes doing here?"

Hmm. Here's something we didn't really discuss, but I'm going to talk about before I end.

But I want you to pay attention to. We did talk about plurals, so here's a... "Shoes",

so it's more than one. And "in here", "here" is the opposite of "there", so I'm thinking

it's going to be something like this. Oops, wrong color. Black is a good colour, though,

just used the wrong one. "What are these shoes doing in here?" Yes, ah-ha! You are a genius.

You are a master or a mistress of your life and... Or domain and whatever you want to

be.

I just want to leave a little note before we take off. See this? When we talk about

demonstratives, we have to be careful to make sure we match the tense-okay?-and we're talking

about plurals. Okay? I want to make sure we match our demonstratives with the verb tense,

and we also have to match them with the noun. In these case, "these" goes with "shoes".

Okay? And "are", not "is". So be careful, all right? You don't want to put: "What are

this shoes?" Because "are" means plural, so "this" should represent plural. Up here, right?

"These". And also "shoes" is plural. Just a little something because I didn't mention

it at the beginning. It's got to match. It's got to be balanced. Everything works out in

life balanced. Right?

Anyway, hope you enjoyed the lesson. Or I hope you enjoyed that lesson, because it's

completed now. Right? We're finished. I want you to go to engVid, do the quiz. Right? Where

will you find engVid? At www. eng as in English, vid as in video .com (www.engvid.com) where

we have... Well, the answers to this video and many others. Once again, I want to thank

you for watching and keep being part of our audience. Thanks. Chow.