some of the great ways that you can turn your story into a script.

將故事轉化為腳本的一些好辦法。

Now, writing a script can help you tell a great story,

寫腳本可幫您講述好故事，

and organize and communicate your ideas

并組織和轉達您的想法，

in a way that makes production manageable.

以一種讓製作可管理的方式。

There are some questions, about like, whether or not you need a script for YouTube shows,

有一些問題，比如，您的YouTube節目是否需要腳本，

or if it's ok to just make a video by ad-libbing.

或臨時穿插製作視頻即可。

And that answer is just really dependent on the kind of show that you are making.

這具體要取決於您製作什麼樣的視頻。

But I am a strong advocate for having a set script,

但我強烈建議您有固定的腳本，

and then taking that on set and having fun with it.

然後把腳本帶到拍攝場地，盡情拍攝。

And just using it as a guideline.

將腳本用於一個指南。

So today I'm gonna talk about the benefits of having that script,

現在，我來說說擁有腳本的好處，

and how it'll make your life a lot easier on set.

以及腳本如何減輕您在拍攝場地的工作量。

A lot of people are afraid to even get started.

很多人甚至害怕開始。

It's like this paralyzing fear of, like

好像有點嚇得不知道怎麼做，

I've never written a script before, I've never done a video before.

我從來沒有寫過腳本，我從來沒有做過視頻。

And I think that starting, is really just the hardest part.

我覺得萬事開頭難。

So the best way to actually get started writing

開始寫腳本的最好辦法

is to set aside a specific time that you're gonna commit

是計劃一個特定的時間，然後靜下心來寫，

and make it a routine.

將其作為日常活動。

That will help you so much.

那會對您大有裨益。

If you find yourself having writers' block,

如果你發現自己才思枯竭，

what you can do is just take a tiny piece of your story,

您可以取故事的一小部分，

and elaborate on that.

然後對它進行詳述。

If you're writing a script, write out just one scene that you know from that script.

如果您正在寫腳本，您只需寫一個從該腳本中已知的一個場景。

Or even just one piece of dialogue.

或僅僅是一個對話。

Feel free to totally indulge yourself in a scene for like 40 pages,

盡情沉浸在一個場景中，就像有40頁一樣，

that goes nowhere. Because the more that you sort of drown and waddle around in it,

最終會才思泉湧。因為您越不斷思索，

the clearer and clearer that story will become.

故事便會越來越清晰。

So, two years ago, I wrote a 200,000-word novel,

2年前，我寫了一部20萬字的小說，

called "Schizophrenic Lesbian in Space".

名字是Schizophrenic lesbian in space。

That was total garbage, just didn't make any sense at all.

小說完全很垃圾，根本說不通。

Everyone in it was a psychopath.

小說中的每個人都是變態。

But I kept working on it and kept reworking it and reworking it,

但我不斷寫，不斷修改，

and that eventually became Miss Earth, which is a 12 minute short film,

最終變成了Miss Earth，一個12分鐘的微電影，

that actually made sense and had some semblance of a story.

最終故事說得通，還有了故事的樣子。

So even if you find yourself writing total nonsense,

所以即使您覺得自己寫的全是廢話，

just keep going with it, because you'll start to walk around in that world,

您要繼續寫，因為您會開始觀察世界，

and really be able to find the story and the protagonist that you're looking for.

開始找到您夢寐以求的故事和主角。

Most stories are generally comprised of three acts,

大多數故事由3個表演構成，

although it can depend on the kind of story you are telling.

即使具體取決與您要講述的故事。

An act breaks up your story into three pivotal parts.

1個表演獎您的故事分解成3個主要部分。

Usually the first act is the setup, the second act the confrontation,

通常，第一個表演是佈局，第二個是衝突，

and the third act is the resolution.

第三個是結局。

Something about it speaks to us in a way that leaves us feeling satisfied

有時候，如果故事寫得好，它會與我們對話，

when it is done right.

然我們感到很滿意。

There are many ways to turn your ideas into script and to share your message with people.

有很多方式將您的想法轉化為腳本，並與他人分享您的想法。

You can simply write the pros, describing step by step how the story will evolve,

您只用寫出主角，一步步描述劇情如何發展，

or you can adopt the industry standard and write the location of the action,

或者，您可採取行業標準，寫出每個動作的場地，

the action itself, and, of course the dialogue.

動作本身，當然還有對話。

But keep in mind, write only what you can show on camera.

但請記住，請寫您能在相機上展示的內容。

So try not to write out the inner, deepest thoughts of the characters,

所以，盡量不要去寫角色內心、最深刻的想法，

unless you present that in voice over dialogue,

除非在對話時有旁白。

and consider referencing emotions only, if you're describing how a character looks

考慮只引用情緒，如果您正在描述一個角色的外觀，

when they react to another character or situation.

當他們與另一個角色或情形互動時。

This is what makes screenwriting extremely challenging and fun.

這就讓寫劇本非常具有挑戰性、非常有趣。

Tension! You need it! And here is why.

張力。您需要它！原因如下。

I wanna be sitting on the edge of my seat, especially today,

我想全神貫注，特別是今天，

when everyone has a million things going on, we have our phones, we have our laptops,

當大家有很多事情同時進行，我們有手機，電腦，

and everything. Why should we pay attention to what we are watching?

以及其他東西。我們為什麼要關注所觀看的東西呢？

You need to be able to captivate people, right off the bat.

您需要立刻抓住觀眾。

And you do that with tension.

而張力就能做到這一點。

It's a unique thing, but it's creating a conflict with a character I actually care about,

這是一個很特別的東西，但能與我關心的角色創造衝突，

and putting them in some kind of dilemma or peril that seems immediate.

將角色置於困境或險境。

And I think the best way to do this, is with stakes that are really high,

我覺得最好的方法就是用高風險事件，

like life or death or some kind of ginormous failure.

比如生死或某種巨大的失敗。

Conflict to me in a story, is when a person either has to overcome something external,

對我來說，在一個故事里，衝突就是一個人要麼克服外部阻力，

or something internal, to be able to move forward.

要麼克服內心阻力，以繼續前進。

Whether that makes them a better person, or a worse person, a la Breaking Bad,

無論是將其變為更好的人，或更壞的人，或行尸走肉，

We want to see that evolution of a character on screen.

我們希望看到一個人物在屏幕上演變。

I think the best stories are when a character overcomes something,

我覺得最好的故事是角色克服了某個東西，

both externally and internally,

無論是外部還是內心，

and both of those conflicts are interweaved.

而內外部的衝突交織在了一起。

When I shoot a short film, a script is absolutely necessary.

當我拍攝微電影時，我非常需要腳本，

I did one called "Afflicted Incorporated", where it was all of these girls

我做過一個叫做"Afflicted Incorporated"的電影，其中很多女生

in crazy make-up, sort of personifying diseases.

濃妝艷抹，將疾病人格化。

So I was anorexia, my friend was bi-polar disease,

我扮演厭食症，我的朋友扮演雙重人格，

someone was body dysmorphic disorder.

其他有有軀體變形症。

If I did not have a script, then we would not have made our day,

如果我沒有腳本，我們根本一天都熬不下去，

because six hours of the day had to be devoted into make-up.

因為一天6小時要用於化妝。

And so one by one the girls would be coming out of make-up

每個女生都要從化妝中走出來，

and we would have to shoot their coverage.

我們要拍攝他們各自的片段。

If I didn't have a script I would have no idea what lines they would say,

如果我沒有腳本，我根本不知道他們的台詞是什麼，

where they are when they are saying those lines, or even what their emotional stakes are

他們說台詞時在何地方，或他們在那個時刻的

in that moment.

情感風險。

It is absolutely essential that everyone on your crew has access to it,

拍攝團隊中的每個人都能獲得腳本非常重要，

so they can give you input and ideas on how to shoot a certain scene.

讓他們能為您如何拍攝某個場景提供想法和反饋。

Especially if your expertise isn't in like camera department or lighting,

尤其當您不擅長攝像或打光時，

so then people can put in their ideas and really hone in on the tone that you were going for

然後，工作人員可補充他們的想法，可真正達到您在

in your writing.

寫作中想要的基調。

A script allows you and your producers to control the scope and budget

腳本可讓您與製作方控制範圍與預算，

of what you are creating.

針對您的創作內容。

So you're not kind of writing things that you can't realistically afford to shoot.

所以，您不會寫拍不起的內容。

And finally, having a script helps you plan your schedule.

最後，腳本幫您規劃日程。

It is 1,000 times easier to plan your day, when you actually know what it is you're shooting.

當您知道要拍攝什麼時，規劃每天的時間會變得非常容易。

I drink the script koolaid. I think that they are absolutely essential

我非常熱衷于腳本。我覺得它們對

in almost all genres that you're doing.

您所做的所有風格都非常重要。

So when I do a script, if I'm doing like a regular sketch, or a regular Vlog,

我寫腳本的時候，如果我在做普通的速寫，或一般的視頻播客，

I always break it down in; setup-punch, setup-punch, setup-punch.

我通常將其分為：佈局語，佈局語，佈局語。

It's incredibly imperative for me, since I do monologues to the camera,

這對我非常重要，因為我對著相機自言自語，

that then have cut aways that interrupt that monologue,

然後做切出鏡頭，來干擾單人對話，

to punch up whatever it was that I was previously saying.

來生動表達我之前說過的內容。

For narratives, for short films, there's no way I can do a short film without a script.

對於微電影的敘述，我沒腳本做不成微電影。

Cause it's so cost inefficient.

因為效率太低了。

If I show up on set and I'm like, ok think, maybe we'll do a shot here

如果我來到拍攝場地，我想，也許我可以在這裡拍攝，

ok, now that we are done with that shot, maybe we'll go over here...

或，我們現在拍攝完整個了，也許可以到這裡，

that wastes everybody's time and you're definitely not going to make your day,

那會浪費大家的時間，您不可能完成一天的工作，

even if you have 16 hours to complete your shoot.

雖然您有16個小時來完成拍攝。

A way that I kind of break down my scripts into production elements,

我將腳本分解為製作元素，

is to go through it with different color highlighters,

並用不同的彩色筆進行標註，

with each color representing a unique production element.

用每個顏色代表一個獨特的製作要素。

So yellow can be props or pink can be costumes,

黃色可能代表道具，粉色可能代表服裝，

that way, once your done with this color scheme,

由此一來，一旦您完成了色彩規劃，

you can tell, at a glance, all the items that are necessary to plan your production.

您一眼就可分辨您的製作中需要計劃的物品。

Now the fun part. Controlling your budget and breaking down your script. Yes.

現在來說說有趣的地方。控制您的預算并分解您的腳本。

So having a script can allow you to gauge what your overall budget will be,

擁有腳本能讓您預估總體預算，

and help you determine, if realistically, you need to scale back on anything

讓您決定，現實而言，您需要削減什麼。

prior to shooting.

在拍攝之前。

This can be very, very important. Especially if you're on a tight budget.

這會非常重要。特別當您預算非常有限時。

The last thing you wanna do is overspend on something you're not really willing to.

您最不想做的事情就是錢沒花在刀刃上。

Once you've gone through the script and done all of that,

一旦您瀏覽了腳本，做足了工作，

write a list of everything that you need to make your production happen.

列出一個製作所需東西的清單。

And once you've accounted for every single item, make a calculation and find out your total.

一旦您計算了每個物件，請算出總數。

And ask yourself, can you afford to make this film, with the script that you currently have?

然後問自己，用您現在的這個腳本，您能拍得起這個電影嗎？

If not, then you might wanna go back and rework scenes in your script,

如果不能，您可能需要回頭重新修改腳本中的場景，

or cut down on the cost in some way.

或通過其他方式削減成本。

You might even consider cutting out a scene entirely,

您可能需要考慮完全刪除某個場景，

that may not have been moving the story forward anyway.

某個沒成功推動故事的場景。

I like to do a lot of science fiction comedies.

我非常喜歡做科幻喜劇。

And usually those have elements with prosthetics or robotic baby aliens of the sort.

通常，這些元素是假體，或機器寶貝外星人。

So it's very, very important that I know exactly how much all this is going to cost me,

所以，您了解這會花費多少錢便非常重要，

so that my checks don't bounce.

不會讓我的花費超支。

An example of being over budget that I remember is my short film Pregnapocalyse.

花費超支的一個例子是我做的一個微電影，叫做Pregnapocalyse。

Where these four girls wake up and they find out that every woman in the world,

四個女生醒過來，發現世界上的每個女人，

even little kids, who are female, are all pregnant.

或小女孩，都懷孕了。

And we don't know what the hell is going on.

我們不知道發生了什麼。

So for this short, I had to actually go back and look at everything,

所以對這個微電影，我必須回頭查看一切，

cause the baby alien prop, that like moved and smile and danced

因為寶寶外星人道具，那個移動、微笑與舞動的

cost about $2,500.

道具花費了大約2500美元。

And my total budget for the entire thing was about three to four grand.

而我整個微電影的預算菜3000到4000美元。

So to kind of accommodate that, I went back and I rewrote it,

為了彌補，我回頭重寫腳本，

so that everything took place in one setup.

讓所有的故事在一個佈局中發生。

We did one long take instead of having a bunch of cut-aways

我們做了一個長鏡頭，而非一些切出鏡頭，

to different aspects around the world.

來展現世界的不同外觀。

And that saved me so much time and so much money,

那為了節省了大量的時間和資金，

that we could put all of our attention on lubing up the baby

讓我們把精力放在潤滑機器寶貝上，

and making sure we got the best smile from it and having it dance with like a little guitar.

確保我們拍到最美的笑容，并讓它拿著小吉他跳舞。

And kind of made me reevaluate where the money should be spent in a short like that,

在微電影中，讓我去重新評估如何花錢，

which of course, would be, selling this tiny little baby alien.

當然就是賣了這個小小的寶貝外星人。

And kind of helped me reevaluate how I do budgeting in general.

幫我總體上重新評估如何進行預算。

You might wanna use dialogue that reflects the voice of your target audience.

您可能想用對話來反映目標觀眾的心聲。

And one really great thing about writing a script is,

寫腳本的另一個好處是，

that it allows you to develop characters,

讓您可發展角色，

and give them a specific voice that will really speak to your fans.

給他們一個與粉絲溝通的特定聲音。

One of the most challenging aspects, I think, for scriptwriting,

我覺得，寫劇本最難的一點是，

is to reveal characters through action versus dialogue.

通過動作，而非對話，來展現角色。

And that is something that I currently struggle with.

而這也是我現在很糾結的地方。

And when you notice it in a film or on TV, it's brilliant.

當您在電影或電視上注意到這一點時，很棒。

It's telling me something about a character, without him having to say a single word.

它會告訴我角色的某個信息，無需他說任何話，

And that can be the way a character reacts to something,

而這可稱為角色與其他東西互動的方式，

or the way a character looks at someone,

或角色觀看某人的方式，

in books, I know with J.K Rowlings Harry Potter, we knew so much about Harry Potter

在書中，我知道J.K. 羅琳的《哈利波特》，我們非常了解這本書，

just because of his aunt and uncle and how much they hated him.

只是因為他的叔叔嬸嬸很恨他。

And that made us love him so much more.

結果讓我們更愛他。

And so it does come to a point, where when you are writing your script,

所以，在某種程度上，當您書寫腳本時，

you don't want it to just be talking heads.

您不想讓它成為頭部特寫。

You don't want people to just be talking about each other or talking about what's going on,

您不想人角色相互談論，談論發生了什麼，

or just doing dialogue for the sake of doing dialogue.

或僅僅為了對話而對話。

There's so many instances in real life,

在現實生活中有很多例子。

when I will see something about someone, and know who they are

當我看到關於某人的某事，知道他們是誰，

if someone was over there and just dropped their coffee and slowly walked away from it,

如果某個人在那裡，放下咖啡，慢慢走開，

and left. I would know a lot about that person.

并離開。我知道很多關於那個人的信息。

So dialogue exempt action, I think is the number one thing that

所以，對話可省去動作，我覺得在寫劇本時

I wanna work on in scriptwriting.

那是我要做的第一件事。

And is also one of the strongest elements I've ever seen in the medium.

這也是我在中景里看到的最強大的元素。

And how does a script translate in time on screen?

腳本在屏幕上如何轉化時間呢？

And how long do people watch that for?

人們會觀看多久呢？

Well one script page roughly equals one minute of screen time,

一般，一張腳本相當於一分鐘的屏幕時間，

that's kind of like the overall rule.

整體上是這樣。

So if you're trying for a five minute narrative short,

如果您想嘗試拍攝一個5分鐘的敘述短片，

but you have a nine page script, then you'll know right away that a lot of it needs to get cut.

但您有9張腳本，您會立即知道很多內容要刪除。

You can also tide in scripts based on your viewers level of engagement.

您還可以根據觀眾的參與水平來分配腳本。

So if you look at your YouTube analytics,

如果你看看YouTube分析數據，

and see where fans are falling off,

看看粉絲都喜歡什麼視頻，

you might wanna think about making your content a little shorter,

您可能會覺得自己的內容太短了，

and closer to that engagement level.

與參與水平太接近了。

Or you may experience the opposite,

或您的情況剛好相反，

where fans are fully engaged throughout,

粉絲全程都全神貫注地觀看，

and that's maybe when you wanna consider having a bit more content there.

這時候，您可能需要考慮添加更多的內容。

Well I hope you learned a lot from this lesson,

我希望大家從本課總學到了很多東西，

thank you so much for watching.

感謝觀看。

If you wanna see more of Creator Academy stuff, you can go here.

如果您想了解更多 Creator Academy 內容，請點擊這裡。

And if you wanna see more of me, you can go here.

如果您想了解更多關於我的內容，請點擊這裡。