Well, this lesson is for you.

這堂課就是為你而開的

Okay? Welcome to engVid. I'm James. The lesson I want to do today is on, well, crime and punishment,

準備好了嗎？歡迎來到engVid，我是James。今天這堂課的主題是犯罪與懲罰

or in this case, I call it arrested development. I find it very strange when people go to different

或者，在此我把它稱為逮捕的過程。當人們到一個陌生的國度

countries, that they don't get a basic understanding of the law. Now, in most English-speaking

卻連基本的法律常識也不了解，這是很奇怪。現在我要告訴你的，在許多說英文的國家

countries, what I will teach you today is true. Of course, there'll be exceptions because

都能通用。當然，還是會有例外

each country is unique and has different rules and laws, but this basically is the way our

每個國家都是獨特的，擁有不同的法規，但是基本上

law system or legal system works. Okay? And "legal system" means when you will talk to

法律制度或司法體系就是如我所說的這樣運作的。「司法體系」指的是

the police if there's a problem, what might happen.

當你惹上麻煩，必須和警察交談時，將會發生的過程

So let's go to the board. Oh, sorry. We got E, prisoner E, 666.

好了，我們來看白板。哦！抱歉，這裡有個編號666的犯人E

"I ain't going back, Copper!"

「條子！我不會再回來了！」

Now, before some of you say: "I was told 'ain't' isn't English", we have a video on that, go

在你們之中有人說「我聽說英語不能說ain't」之前，我有一則影音就在談這個

check it out. Bad grammar from a bad guy. He's a bad worm.

你們可以去看看。壞傢伙操著一口壞文法，他是一隻壞蟲

So let's see what happened to Mr. E, or how did he end up in this particular position

我們來看看E先生會發生什麼事，或者說在這樣特殊的形勢或狀況下，最終會有什麼結果

or situation? We're going to go through what will basically happen if you have to talk

我們將討論的是，如果警察認為你做了錯事

to the police, and they think you have done something wrong. Remember: If you call the

導致你必須與他們交談時基本上會發生的過程。記住，如果是你報警

police to help you, this won't happen, but if somebody has said you've done something

希望警察協助你的話，以下我要說的則都不會發生，但如果是有人說你做了壞事

wrong, this is usually the way it works.

那麼以下就是將會發生的過程

So, we'll start off, here. I'm going to mark these things to help you figure out where

好了，我們從這裡開始。我要把這些東西標示出來以幫助你了解

they sit. So, we're playing a little game, here. What is what? Okay, so the first thing

這些步驟位處過程中的哪個位置，什麼是什麼。好，第一件事是

that happens if you meet a policeman and they say... Or policewoman, sorry, a police person,

從你遇到一個警察先生開始，而他們說...抱歉，也可能是一個警察小姐，一個警察大人

and they say: "Stop." That's number one, and that's what we have here. You know a stop

他們說，「停下來！」這是第一步驟，這個「1」應該標示在這裡。你知道

sign means don't move. Okay? Let's make this clear. A stop sign doesn't... It means don't move.

一個停止標誌意味著不要動，是吧？讓我們標示得清楚一點，一個停止標誌...意思是不要動

So number one thing is stop. They will stop you or ask you to stop moving.

所以第一件事是停下來。警察會阻止你或者要求你不要動

You do so.

而你也照做了

After they ask you to stop, they're going to ask for I.D. For some of you, you'll say:

他們要求你停下來後，就要要求看身分識別證明（I.D.）。有些人可能會問

"What is I.D.?" Well, it's identification, sort of like your passport or your country...

「什麼是身分識別證明（I.D.）？」I.D.就是identification，某種像是護照或是在某些人的國家中...

Some people have identification cards in their country. Funny, in Canada, we don't have this

在些人在他們的國家有身分證。有趣的是，在加拿大，我們沒有這種東西

thing. We have drivers' licenses, and we have passports, but we don't have citizenship cards,

我們有駕照，我們有護照，但我們沒有市民身分卡

or-sorry-citizen cards. We use our driver's license. So it might be your citizen card

抱歉，是市民卡。我們用駕照來證明身分。所以，你可能會被要求拿市民卡出來識別身分

that they would request. If you come to our country, they would ask you for I.D., so you

如果你來我們國家，當他們要求看身分識別證明時

could present your passport or your citizen card. That's probably all you have. So, number

你可以拿出你的護照或者市民卡。可能你也只拿得出這些

two in the process will be asking for your I.D.

所以第二步驟就是要看你的身分識別證

Now, you notice this is orange and we have this strange word: "rights", and I'm not talking

現在，你注意到這個橘色的字體寫著一個奇怪的字「權利」

your right hand. In Canada, the United States, Great Britain, New Zealand, Scotland, Wales,

我不是指你的右手。在加拿大、美國、大不列顛、紐西蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士

they have rights. Or, sorry, you have rights, which mean before you do anything the police

他們擁有權利，抱歉，是你們擁有權利，這指的是在你做任何警察指示的動作之前

say, you are allowed to ask certain questions. So you can say: "I know my rights." By the

你有權問某些問題。所以你可以說「我知道我的權利」

way, I would never say that to a policeman who stopped you. You're just asking for trouble.

不過順帶一提，我永遠不會對把我攔下來的警察這麼說，因為你這樣只是在自找麻煩

But, at the time they ask you to stop or they ask you to give I.D., you can then start using

但當他們要你停下來或要求看你的身分識別證時，你就可以開始行使你的權利了

your rights. One of the first things you can say is:

第一步你可以這樣說：

"Hi, Officer, what's your name or badge number?"

「嗨，警官，請問你的大名或者你的警徽號碼？」

In Canada, they must give it to you. Okay? But be smart, ask nicely, like:

在加拿大，他們必須要如實告知，知道嗎？但要聰明點，要和善的詢問，像是：

"Okay, no problem, Officer. I just want to know: Who am I talking to?

「好的，沒問題，警官，我只是想要知道我現在交談的對象是誰？」

I just want to know I'm talking to the law."

我只是想要知道我現在是否等同於在和司法體系交談

The officer will then either point to their shoulder where

那個警官要不是指著他肩膀上的警徽號碼

there is a number located, or they'll say their name, which is usually located on the

不然就是會說出那個和他襯衫前面所標示的一樣的名字

front of their shirt. So: "Officer Johnson, 531 Division." You go: "Thank you, Officer."

「傑森警官，531大隊。」然後你說，「謝謝你，警官」

You can then say this... Remember, each time you're doing this, police don't usually like

你可以這樣說...記住！每一次當你這樣做的時候，警察通常不會喜歡被質詢的感覺

being questioned, so always be polite. Don't flunk the attitude test. I'll explain that

所以要一直保持禮貌。不在要態度測驗上面過不了關。我等一下會解釋這一點

to you after. So then you can say:

接著你可以說：

"Officer, why am I being stopped?"

「警官，為什麼我被攔下來了呢？」

The officer at that time, especially if they ask for your I.D. must tell you why you're being stopped. Okay?

此時警官必須告知你為什麼被攔下來的原因，特別是當他們要求看你的身分證明的時候，了解嗎？

This will lead to... Well, we go up to here, being charged, but let's go here first.

這步驟就帶我們到了....嗯，我們到了這裡，被控告，但我們先來看這個

You can then say, before they do anything else:

在他們還沒做任何其他動作之前，你可以接著說：

"Am I under arrest?"

「我被逮捕了嗎？」

If the officer says: "You're not under arrest", you may walk away.

如果警官說，「你沒有被逮捕」，那麼你可能就能走掉

You can leave. You can still be polite,

你可以離開，也可以一直維持有禮的態度

and I recommend that, but you don't have to answer any of their questions, because once

我也是這樣建議，但是你不需要回答他們的任何問題，

the officer has told you why he stopped you or she has stopped you, if you are not under

因為一旦警官告訴你為何他／她攔下你的原因，如果你沒有被逮捕

arrest, you do not need to speak anymore. If they ask further questions, you can say:

你就不需要再和他們說什麼了，如果他們仍持續詢問，你可以說：

"If I'm not under arrest and you want more from me, I need to talk to a lawyer first,

「如果我沒有被逮捕，而你還想要從我這裡得到更多資訊，我需要先和我的律師談談」

because I don't know why I'm standing here."

「因為我不知道現在我站在這裡的原因。」

These are your basic rights in Canada, United

在加拿大、美國、大不列顛，這是你的基本權利

States, and Great Britain. As I said, each country varies, so be careful. Okay?

但如我所說的，每個國家的法令稍有不同，所以要注意，知道嗎？

And always, always, always be polite.

並且要永遠保持禮貌

Now, let's just say you a bad boy or a bad girl. Well, we've gone past the rights stage,

現在，讓我們假定你是壞男孩或壞女孩。嗯，我們已經談過了權利的部分

and the stop, and the I.D., they have to tell you what you're charged with. That means you've

以及攔停和身分識別證，接著他們就必須告訴你被控告涉及什麼罪名。這意味著，

done something wrong, and that means you cannot walk away from the police at that point. This

你已經做錯了事，這也意味著你一時半刻不能從警察身邊離開了。

is called... You say:

這可以叫做...你說：

"Am I being charged with anything?"

「我被控告了什麼罪名嗎？」

They must tell you what you have done.

他們必須告訴你你做了些什麼

"We think you killed somebody.",

「我們認為你殺人了」

"We think you stole a car.",

「我們認為你偷了一輛車」

"We think you hit someone."

「我們認為你撞到人了」

At this point, something is going to happen, either one or two things. Oh, this is not

到了這裡，表示有些事情要發生了，可能一件或兩件。哦！這不是什麼好事

the good part. If it's a small thing, and we call it "not criminal", meaning you didn't

如果事情很小，我們稱它「非犯罪」，意思是

do anything that they need to put you in jail for, you will get a fine. What kind of things?

你沒有做出什麼他們必須把你關到拘留所的事情，你將只會收到一張罰單。像是什麼樣的事？

If you're driving your castal-... Your car a little too fast, or if you drop... Actually,

如果你開著起車...汽車...你開太快了，或者你丟掉...真的

this is true, drop garbage in certain places where you're not supposed to drop your garbage.

這是真的，把垃圾丟在某些不該丟垃圾的地方

You don't put it away, you drop it on the floor, the police can walk up to you and say:

你沒有把它收好，而是丟到地上，警察就可以走向你跟你說：

"I'm going to give you a fine."

「我要對你開罰。」

They will give you a ticket. You'll notice this. And

他們會給你一張罰單，然後你會注意到這個

if you can't read this, you shouldn't. This is called fine print, it's very fine, very

如果你看不清楚這個，你就別看了。這個是小字體印刷，非常細，非常小

small. But the fine is clear: Here's what you did, here's the money you pay. Okay? So

但它的罰則寫的很清楚：這是你做的事，而這是你要付的罰款。了解了嗎？

when we say "fine", it's money you have to pay them. Okay? That's here. That's a good

所以「罰款」，就是你必須繳納的錢，知道嗎？它寫在這裡。這是好事

thing, because then you can go free. You get the paper, you pay this later. We'll go into

因為接下來你就可以離開了。你只是拿到一張紙，然後晚一點才需繳錢。接下來，

a court afterwards.

我們就要進入法庭的這部分

But if it's not a fine and it's something you've done that's very bad, the police will

但如果你不是只拿到一張罰單，而是你真的做了很糟糕的事，警察就會直接逮捕你

arrest you. That means they will stop you and say:

這表示他們會直接攔住你，然後說：

"You must come with us. You have no choice in that."

「你必須和我們走一趟，別無選擇。」

You can still follow the rights, you've asked this and asked for your

你還是可以主張這些權利，你可以要求這些並要求先見律師

lawyer, but you will have to go with them. Arresting is similar to stopping. They're

但你還是必須要跟他們走。逮捕和攔查很像，但是

not just stopping you, they're stopping and taking you.

逮捕不只是攔下你，他們攔下你而且還要帶走你

Now, once you've been arrested, you can ask for your lawyer. You can also get what's called

現在，一旦你被逮捕了，你可以要求見你的律師。你也可以進行所謂保釋的程序

"bail". It's another way of getting out of, well, jail. We have "bail" and "jail". Jail

這是另一種把你弄出拘留所的方法。我們看到「保釋」和「拘留所」這兩個詞彙

is where you're going to go. When they arrest you, you go to jail. You will be staying there

拘留所是你將要去的地方。當他們逮捕了你，你就要去拘留所。你將會在那裡待到

until you have a court date, which we'll get to. But you can get out if you have bail money.

開庭的日子為止。但如果你有保釋金，你就可以從拘留所出來

Bail. You'll go: "What is bail?" Well, the simplest way I can explain it is when you

保釋。你會說：什麼是保釋？我所能做出最簡單的解釋，

have water in one area and you need to move that water to one area to another, we usually

就是當你在一個積水的地方，你必須把積水從一處移到另一處，

take something smaller, and we pick it up, we take it up and we take it out, and let

我們通常會拿個小東西，把水舀起來，舀起來，舀出來

it go. And we call "bailing water". The bailing is taking you out of prison so that you are

然後把水清掉。我們稱之為「(從船底)把水往外舀」。保釋金可以把你弄出監獄，所以你就自由了

free. We are removing you and letting you go free. Okay? So you will need bail, which

我們移送你出來，然後釋放你，了解嗎？所以你會需要保釋金

is usually a lot of money so you can actually leave the jail.

那通常是一大筆錢，繳了以後你就真的可以離開拘留所了

Are your troubles over? No. That's why there's two parts to this lesson. This is the arrest part.

你的麻煩就此結束了嗎？不！這就是為什麼我們這堂課分成兩部分。現在這是逮捕的部分

The next one we're going to do is on court and your day in court. What will happen,

下個部分我們要進行的是關於出庭和你的開庭日。會發生什麼

how you can get out, and if it doesn't work out for you, how bad it can get. Anyway, we're

有什麼方法可以重獲自由，以及，如果方法無效，最糟到能會到達什麼境地。總之，

going to go and do... I want to explain rules and law, and do a little quiz with you to

我們正在進行與正在做的是...我想要解釋規則和法律的不同，並且出些考題，

make sure you understand these six steps... Six steps that happen, all the way from being

以確定你了解這六個步驟。從你被攔下來開始到需要保釋金的這六個會發生的步驟

stopped to requiring bail. Are you ready?

你準備好了嗎？

[Snaps]

﹝打響指﹞

Now, just before we do the quiz, I want to go over something that students ask about:

現在，在我們開始進行測驗之前，我想要再談一遍一個學生問我的問題：

rules versus laws, because sometimes they're exactly the same. Actually, they seem the

規則與法律的比較，因為有時候它們簡直是一模一樣。事實上，他們似乎很像，

same, but they are different. Rules are like games. When you play Monopoly or you play

但實則不同。規則是存在於像玩遊戲之類的事情。當你在玩地產大亨或其他的任何遊戲

any game, like soccer or football or rugby, there are rules. The police will never come

例如足球、美式足球或是英式橄欖球時，其中就存在著規則。當你在玩遊戲時違反了規則，

when you play these games, and take you and arrest you if you break a rule. Even if you

警察永遠不會衝進來捉住你及逮捕你。即便，

cheat on a test at school, that means not to follow the rules, you won't get arrested,

你在學校考試作弊，這意味著你違反了校規，但你還是不會被逮捕

but there are punishments. Laws are a little different. They're more serious;

而只會受到懲處。法律就有點不一樣了，它們更嚴格

you can get in a lot of trouble.

你會惹上很多麻煩

So let's take a look at something basic to help you remember rules vering-... Rules versus

所以我們來看一些基本的東西來幫助你記得規則相堆於...規則相對於法律的比較

laws. In your classrooms, you have rules; in the cities and in countries, we have laws.

在教室裡面，有規則存在；在城市與國家之中，有法律在運作

Rules are personal. You can have your own personal rules. I'm always five minutes early,

規則是個人的。你可以制定你個人的規則。我總是提前五分鐘到

or I take off my shoes, or please take off your shoes when you come to my house. These

在家時我會脫鞋，或者請你進來我家時，要先脫鞋。

are rules. They're flexible. You can take off the shoes, but if you're the President

這些都是規則。它們是彈性的。像是一般人來我家要脫鞋，但如果你是美國總統

of the United States, I'll let you wear your shoes in my house; it's flexible. Okay? If

我會讓你穿著你的鞋子進我家。這是有彈性的，了解嗎？

you're five minutes late, it's okay. It's flexible. There's no punishment, or no trouble

你遲到了五分鐘，那也沒關係，這是彈性的。對你來說，不會有什麼懲罰、麻煩或問題

or problem for you. Rules are made by people, individual people. All right? You can make

規則是人們制定的，這裡指獨立的個體。你可以制定規則、

them. I can make a rule. People who make games make rules. Anyone can make rules.

我可以制定規則。人們創造出一個遊戲時也制定了規則。任何人都可以制定規則

Oh, sorry, and I should say organizations. For instance, at your company, there are rules. You have

喔！抱歉，我應該要談一下組織裡的情形。例如，在你上班的公司也有規則存在

a 10-minute break, not a 30-minute break. If you take 15, they cannot call the police

你有10分鐘的休息時間，而不是30分鐘，但如果你休息了15分鐘，公司也不可能因此報警

on you. That's just too bad, but you did break a rule.

這樣太糟了，但你確認是壞了規矩

And rules have light punishment. If you're a child, you might think rules are terrible,

而且違反規則只會得到很輕的懲罰。如果你是個小孩子，你可能覺得規則很討厭

but they are practice for laws, which I'll get into. Where if you do something wrong,

但規則其實是為了法律而預備的，這我待會會提到。如果你做錯事了，

like you don't clean your room, there's a punishment. Maybe you don't get to play with

像是如果你沒有清理房間，就會得到一些懲罰。也許你就不能和朋友玩了

your friends. It's a light punishment. Not prison. Yeah. No boom, boom, no. Well, maybe

它的處罰很輕，不用監獄，也沒有砰砰（意指被揍），

in your house, but most people, no. Okay?

嗯，也許你的家裡有，但大多數人家裡沒有，了解了嗎？

Laws are different, they are made by governments. So your city government, your provincial,

法律就不一樣了，它們是由政府制定的。所以你的市政府、省政府

or your state government, or your country's government, they make laws. They are not flexible.

或是州政府、國家政府會制定法律。它們沒有異議的空間

Killing, there is no:

殺了人，不會有藉口說：

"Ah, it was a Tuesday, Bob, and rainy, we understand."

「呃，Bob，那天是星期二，又下著雨，我們理解。」

You killed, you kill, not flexible. You must face the law. They're made by governments and courts.

殺人了，你殺了人，就沒有什麼彈性可言。你就必須要面對法律。法律由政府和法院制定，

So your President cannot just make laws. Your President, he or she must go back to the other

所以即便是你的總統也不能逕自制定法律。你的總統，他或者她必須回到政府內閣

people in government, talk to them, and then they talk to the courts, and they decide if

與他們討論，接著他們再和法院討論，然後再決定

this is a good law that they can use with the other laws. So it's not just somebody

這是否是個可以與其他法規並行不悖的好法案。所以這不是某個人

wakes up and says: "We make new laws today."

心血來潮就：「我們今天來制定個新法案吧」這樣的事

And finally, the police can make you do it. If it's a law, the police can stop you and say:

最後，警察可以對你具有強制力。如果關於已制成的法律，警察可以攔下你然後說：

"You must do this now, or you must stop doing this now, or we will take away your freedom and arrest you."

「你現在就必須做這個」，或者「你現在必須停止做這個」，不然我們就會剝奪你的自由

Not for rules. Okay? So you basically understand that. Next time

但規則就不行，知道嗎？所以你基本上就了解了，下一次

your teacher says: "I have a rule", you can say: "It's not a law. I don't have to do it."

你的老師說：「我制定了一個規矩」，你就可以說：「那不是法律，我沒有必要那樣做」

And they'll have to go: "Yes, for now."

然後他們就會說：「要...目前為止是這樣」

All right, now let's go to the board and we're going to do a quick quiz or a fill in the

好了，現在我們來看白板，我們將進行一個快速的問答或者填空題

blanks. You did the lesson before. Let's see how well you remember. But just before you

你已經在之前的課堂中做過了。讓我們來看你還記得多少，但在那之前

do that, I want to give you a little extra, a couple of phrases I didn't give you before

我要先再另外給你兩個辭彙，我之前還沒提到，

that you should be aware of.

但你應該要知道的

When you "break the law", it means you do not follow the laws

當你「違反了法令」，這意味著你沒有遵守法令所寫的：

that are written: Do not kill, do not steal. Okay? That means the police can be involved.

不要殺人，不要偷竊，對吧？意思是警方就可以介入

Breaking the law can also be hitting another person with your car. The police are involved.

違反法律的情況，也可能是你開車撞到人。警方就會介入

The law is: Do not hit another car while driving or sitting still. You must not do this, so

法令規定是：正在駕駛時或著靜止時，不要撞到別人的車。所以千萬別這樣做。

if you do that, you have broken the law.

如果你不小心撞到人了，你便違反了法令

Now, the police can be a little bit flexible. I kind of lied before, they can say:

現在要說的是，警察執行時是可以有點彈性的，我剛剛有點撒謊了，他們可以說：

"Let you off with a warning", which means maybe you did something like, I don't know, you

「我給你一個警告後就讓你走」，意思是也許你做了好比...我不知道

were riding your bicycle, doo-doo-doo-doo-doo, there was a stop sign and you kept riding

可能你正在騎單車，嘟嘟嘟嘟，那裡有一個停止號誌，但你還是繼續騎

your bicycle; you didn't stop. The police can say:

你沒有停下來，那警察就會說：

-"[Whistles] Stop! Come here. There's

「﹝吹口哨﹞停！來這邊。

a stop sign there. Did you see it?"

這裡有個停止號誌，你看到了嗎？」

-"Yes, Officer, I did."

「是的，警官，我看到了。」

-"Well, you're supposed to get a $20 fine, but because you were nice, I'm going to let you off with a warning."

「呃，你原本應該要拿繳20美元的罰款，但因為你態度良好，所以我給你個警告就讓你走」

Meaning: -"Next time I see you, you get a ticket or a fine."

意思是：「下次再讓我看到你這樣做的話，你就會接到罰單或要罰款。」

-"Whew, thanks, Officer."

「吁，謝謝，警官。」

Okay? That means they let you go.

了解嗎？這意思是他們會讓你走

"Under arrest" is this, when they put those... That funny thing I drew, handcuffs on you,

「逮捕」則是這樣，當你被戴上這個...我畫得很好笑...手銬

and you go to jail. So if I say: "You're under arrest", it means you've done something wrong,

然後你就要被關。所以如果我說：「你被逮捕了」，這意思是，你已經做了某些錯事

I have enough... Or I have enough reasons to take you in. They call the reasons "evidence".

我有足夠的...足夠的理由把你關進去。他們稱這個理由叫做「證據」

So they have enough evidence to take you to jail.

所以他們有足夠的證據把你關進拘留所