Hello. Hi. James from engVid.

哈囉，我是 engVid 的 James

You might have noticed that my voice changed. I went from soft to loud.

你也許注意到我聲音的變化，我正在漸強

Now, many students I find have a problem when it comes to electronics.

我發現許多學生會有這種問題，當牽涉到電器時

They don't know whether they should use, or if

他們不知道何時該用，或該不該用

they should use "up", "down", "on", or "off". Today is a basic lesson on those things. So,

up, down on, off 這些字。今天就是個相關的基礎課程，那麼

let's go to the board and take a look.

我們開始吧

Now, when we talk about electronics, which could be something as simple as your cellphone-okay?-what

當我們說到電器時， 比如說... 你的手機之類的

happens is people want to use them, which is fine if you're doing it for yourself, but

人們會「用」手機，這很簡單，單是

when you're talking to other people and you want them to do something for you. You notice

當你正在跟別人講話，而你希望他們幫你做些事情的時候，你會說

that this cellphone is, would you say "down" or "off"? All right? That's the lesson we're

你的手機是 down 還是 off？可以嗎？這是今天課程的

going to do today. What do you say when you want to change the condition of this cellphone?

內容。當你要「掛」電話或做其他事情時應該怎麼說？

We'll start right now.

我們現在開始吧

E, so are we going to turn up the volume or turn on the volume? Well, I notice

好！所以我們要調高音量應該用 up 還是 on？

"dunh-dunh-dunh-dunh-d- unh-dunh-dunh-dunh-dunh"

嘟嘟嘟...

the music is already on. This is low volume and this is high volume, but how do we change

音樂已經響了。這是小聲的，而這是大聲的，但是我們要如何表示他們？

them? Let's start with some basic definitions.

我們先從基本的定義開始。

First, "turn", that was a turn. It's to move around a centre. Here's a centre, I turn around

第一個是 turn，像這樣，繞著一個中心轉一圈，這裡有個圓心，我繞著它

a centre, or to reverse a position. Interesting. Both of these definitions we need to understand

轉了一圈，或是把什麼東西翻轉過來。有趣吧。我們必須理解這兩種定義

if we say: "turn up" or "turn on". The first one, to turn around a centre, we have to go

當我們說 turn up 或是 turn on 的時候。第一個，繞著中心轉，我們來回顧一下

back in time a little bit. You're from the Modern Age, so when you press your toys, you

你們都來自現代，所以當你們在按你的手機時，

just press. But when I was a little boy a long time ago, when the Indians rode on the

你就只是按了。但當我還是個小孩的時候，喔那是很久以前了，當印第安人還在

plains... I'm not that old, but I feel that way. What happened was we used to have televisions

草原上奔馳的時候... 其實我沒有那麼老啦，但感覺起來就像那樣。當時我們有的是電視和

and radios, and we would turn, we would turn them if we wanted more volume.

收音機，而我們會轉上面的旋鈕來調整音量

So if you look over here, where I said turn means to reverse a position, you have 360.

所以你看到這裡，當我說 turn 時我的意思是再轉某樣東西，你有360度可以轉。

So, I feel like we're doing an old science lesson. And boys and girls, we will now demonstrate

我感覺我們好像在上什麼古老的科學課。孩子們，我們現在看到的是

the turning mechanism. Here we go. We will turn up the power, and turn down the power.

一個旋轉的機械裝置。我們現在要打開（up）電源，然後關掉（down）電源

Which means reverse. So we're going to look here, and you notice I have to turn. Okay?

這邊的 turn 指的是旋轉，你看到我必須旋轉開關了，對嗎？

This is a very old machine. Some of you won't recognize this. It's a film projector. Yeah,

這是個很老的機器了，你們有些人大概不知道這是什麼，這是一部電影投影機，沒錯，

we don't use these now. Anyway. But the point was: The technology, you had to actually do

現在我們已經不用它了。但重點是，這些科技產品，我們的確必須「對他們做點什麼」

something with it, and that's where we get the ideas for "up", "down", "on", and "off".

而這就是我們對於 up, down, on, off 這些字概念的來源

We're switching. We're either reversing the position or moving around a centre.

我們在使用開關，要嘛改變它的位置，要嘛旋轉它

Now, when you have a lot of movement or 360, which is basically a circle... All right?

當你轉了整整360度的時候，也就是一圈，可以嗎？

When you have a circle, this is why we talk about turning up and down, because as you

這也就是為什麼我們要使用 turning up and down，因為當你轉它時，

turn it, you can increase the power or decrease the power, or make the sound higher or make

你可以提升或降低能量強度，或是可以讓音量變大或變小。

the sound lower. In fact, in the old days, they used to do this for television, radios,

實際上，以前的電視、收音機、電燈等等都用了這樣的機關。

and lights. You would turn up and you would increase it so it would get more. So here's

你旋轉它就可以打開它或是提高（音量），

the 360, or you would go more, more, more, more, more. Or you would turn it down and

像這樣，就有更多更多更多，或是你可以往另一邊旋轉它

decrease it and you would get less, less, less, less. So the room could be darker if

就可以降低（音量）或讓它變得更少更少，因此房間就會變暗，如果

you're talking about light. If sounds all of a sudden the voice would get lower, lower

你在講的是電燈，如果是聲音話就會越來越小聲，

and disappear. Okay.

然後就沒了，可以吧。

So that's why when we talk about volume on televisions or radios,

所以當我們在討論電視或收音機的音量時，

we say: "Hey, could you turn up the volume?" And if you think about this machine, okay?

我們會說「嘿，你可以調大聲一點嗎？」你可以想想這台機器，好嗎？

Turn up the volume,

調大聲，

turn down the volume. See? So turning.

調小聲，看到了嗎？旋轉它。

You don't use it now because we have new machines,

現在你不會用它了，因為我們有新的機器可以用。

but that was what the idea was for English. Now, "turn up", "turn down", you understand.

但英文的用法就是這樣子來的。所以你了解 turn up, turn down 了。

We increase going one way, decrease the other. Higher or lower. And you just think up is

我們這樣轉可以變大，往另一邊轉就可以變小。你就可以建立這樣的概念

more, down is less.

「上就是多，下就是少」

So what about the "on/off" thing? On/off. Well, think about it this way: On/off for

那麼 on 跟 off 呢？這樣說吧，他們比較像是是非題

us is like yes or no. -"Do you want to use it?" -"Yes. Turn it on."

你想用它嗎？ 是的，打開它吧。

-"Do you not want to use it?" -"No. Turn it off."

你想用它嗎？ 不用，關掉它吧。

And that's the light switch. When you want to have light,

這是一個電燈開關，如果你想要有光的話，

you turn it on. Yes, light. When you don't want it, turn it off. No. Another way of thinking

你會打開它。當你不想要的時候，就「啪！」把它關掉。另一種思考的方式

of it is if you like The Avengers, or Hercules from when I was a little kid:

是比如說你是復仇者聯盟的成員，或是海克力士，像我小時候聽過的那樣

"I have the power!" Usually, with electronics, it's about power.

「我有力量！！！」電器也是這樣，都跟電力、力量有關。

When you turn something on, you give

當你打開開關時，你給了

it power or electricity, like your lightbulb. And because of that, it goes on and starts

電器能量，像是你的燈泡。而因為你給了它能量，它就亮了，

to work, and it will continue to work until you take off the power. That's why we say:

直到你關掉電源，這就是為什麼我們會說

"Turn on the power", so it can continue going.

「打開電源」，因此電器才能使用。

There is no increase or decrease; it just works.

這種開關沒有提升或降低，只有開或關。

"Attaching", so we say: "We attach power". "Attach" means when you have something, you

再來是 attach，這個字的意思是你把某樣東西貼在另一樣東西上，

put it on something so it stays. Now it's attached to my hand. See? Now it's not attached.

然後他們就黏在一起了，現在這隻筆就貼在我的手上了，看到了嗎？然後現在就沒有貼著了

Well, here is a lightbulb. It doesn't have power, so we attach the power, and then we

這裡有個燈泡，它沒有電力，所以我們把電力「貼」上去，然後就有了光

have light. No li-... No power or no electricity, no light. Lightbulb is off. So that's what

然後，沒有電了，光也沒了，燈泡就關掉了。這就是

we talk about with the "turn on" and "turn off". You want to think: Am I attaching power?

我們怎麼使用 turn on, turn off，你可以想「我有讓電器通電嗎？」

Yes? Then you have light. Or not attaching power? No light. "Off" is separating or preventing.

有，所以你就有了光，還是沒有？那就沒有光。off 是分離、避免的意思，

When we separate, we prevent the power to go to the light. Because we stop it, there

當我們「分離」時，我們把電力和燈泡分開了，因為沒有電流，所以燈泡就不會亮。

is no light. So this is why we have "on" or "off". Sorry. "On" or "off" for power, and

這就是為什麼我們有了 on 或 off，用在電力上，我們會說

we say: "We're turning on the power", and "turning off the power". But if we want more

「我們打開了開關」和「我們關了開關」，但如果我們想要更多光，

light, we will turn it up and increase it. Or if we want less light, we will turn it

我們會調高亮度，或是如果光太亮了，我們可以

down and decrease it.

調低亮度。

Now, I'm going to do a little quiz with you, because this was an easy lesson, but an important

現在我要來個隨堂考試，因為這堂課雖然簡單，但是是很重要的。

one. So in the future, the full statement should be: If you want the lights on:

以後你應該這樣說，如果你想要開燈的話：

"Could you turn on the light, please?" If you want the light off:

「你可以把燈打開嗎？」如果你想要關燈：

"Could you turn off the light?"

「你可以把燈關掉嗎？」

If you want more light, you should say: "Can you turn up the light?" and think of the light

如果你想要燈更亮，你可以說「你可以把燈開亮一點嗎？」然後可以想像燈光

going up, up, up; increasing. And if it's too much light, you go:

越來越強，正在增加。如果燈太亮了，你說：

"Could you turn the lights down, please? I just woke up." You'll get less, less light.

「你可以把燈調暗一點嗎？我才剛起床。」你就可以得到少一點的亮光。

Ready for the quiz?

準備好考試了嗎？

Let's go.

開始吧！

[Snaps]

彈指

Are we ready? I want to do a quick recap. A "recap" means to go over something again

好了嗎，我會快速複習一次，recap 的意思是把某些事情重新講一次，

to help you remember. So let's go. So, "on" or "off", we're talking about power. Think

用來幫助你記起來。開始吧，on 跟 off，跟能量有關，

"yes" or "no". Do I want it on? Do I want it off? Yes or no? When we turn something...

想想是非題，我要它開嗎？我要它關嗎？是還是否？當我們把某樣東西

Or sorry, "up" and "down", it's comparative. Think higher or lower. So we turn on the power

抱歉... 調高或調低，這是可以比較的。想想「高」跟「低」，所以我們把電力調高

or turn off the power, like the light. Turn on the light, turn off the light. Okay? When

或調低。像燈泡那樣就是只能打開或關掉，可以嗎？

we go up or down, it's comparative, so something is changing in intensity or direction. So

當我們用 up, down時，這是可比較的，所以有某些東西在強度或方向上會改變，

it's going higher volume or lower volume. Okay?

像是調高或調低音量，可以嗎？

So we're going comparatively, higher or lower. Cool.

所以我們學會這種比較的方式了，酷吧！

Okay? So, let's do some sentences. We have four, here. Okay? First one:

都記得了嗎？我們來試試幾個句子吧，這裡有四個句子，好嗎？第一句：

"John asked if we had air conditioning because he was hot. I said I would turn it __________."

約翰問我們有沒有開空調，他覺得很熱。我說我可以把它「打開」

Which one?

應該選哪一個？

Now, if John is hot and he's asking if we have air conditioning, probably he cannot

如果約翰問我們「有沒有開空調」，基本上他應該沒有

hear it or see it. So, I would probably have to turn it

看見，或聽見空調的聲音。因此我會說我要把它「打開」，

"on" because he was hot.

因為約翰覺得很熱。

If we had air conditioning working, the room would be cool, and he wouldn't have to ask.

如果空調已經開了，房間就會變涼，他就不需要問這個問題了。

So we add power to the air conditioning. Yes, we want power, and yes, we want air conditioning.

所以我們給了冷氣電力。我們想要電力，而且我們也想要空調。

I just turned it on.

我只是把它打開了。

Next question. Let's go here:

下一個問題，看這邊：

"The radio was too loud in the car. Mr. E asked me to turn it __________." "off" or "down"?

車上的收音機太大聲了，Mr. E問我能不能把它「關小聲」一點，是 off 還是 down？

Well, "too" we talk about

我們也說過了

how intense or strong something is, and usually we say it's comparative, so higher or lower.

表示可以比較的強度的時候，像是大聲或小聲，

Too salty, too much salt. Too loud, too much sound. It doesn't mean we don't like the thing.

太鹹了、太大聲了等等，這並不代表我們不喜歡這些事。

Or if it's too little, we don't have enough. It doesn't mean we don't like it, it means

或是太小、太少了、不夠的，一樣不代表我們不喜歡它們。

there's more than we want. We want some, but less. So let's take a look. Comparative over

這只表示它們比我們想要的來得多，我們只想要一點就好，所以看這邊，比較性的用法，

here we have for higher or lower. If the music is too high, we want it lower.

像是我們想要更多或更少。如果音樂太大聲了，我們想要讓小聲一點

That means we want to turn it down.

表示我們想要把它調低一點

So: "Mr. E asked me to turn it down." Not off, he likes the

所以 Mr. E 會要我把它調小聲一點，而不是關掉，他喜歡

music, just not so loud. He's got little worm ears.

這首音樂，只是不要那麼大聲，他只有小小的蟲蟲耳朵。

Number three: "The room was dark because the lights were off, so Mr. E turned __________ the lights."

第三句：房間裡沒有開燈，黑黑的，所以 Mr. E 把燈「打開」了

This one's a little easy. I want to help you,

這句還滿簡單的，我想幫助你。

because if the room were dark, there are no lights. What's the opposite of "off"?

因為如果房間是暗的，就表示沒有開燈。那麼 off 的相反詞是什麼？

Let's take a look. Over here, the opposite of "off" is "on". We need to add power to the lights.

看看這裡，off 的相反詞是 on，我們需要把電力通給電燈。

So when we add power and turn on the lights, we will be able to see. So:

當我們把電燈打開時，我們就可以看見了。

"Mr. E turned on the lights."

Mr. E 把燈打開了

And number four, what would that be?

第四句，看看應該要用哪個字？

"While your computer is turned __________, go do the quiz at engVid."

當你的電腦 ＿＿＿ 時，來做做 engVid 的隨堂測驗吧！

Huh? Well, I will leave it for you to think

如何？我想要把這題留給你想想看，

about for a second. Your computer.

想個幾秒鐘。你的電腦，

Do you think you know the answer? Let's take a look.

你知道答案是什麼嗎？來看看吧，

Can you see me? Yes. That means your computer must have power. Correct? That means your

你看得到我嗎？可以吧。意思是說你的電腦一定是有電的，對吧？

computer must be "on". If your computer is on, you can see me.

這表示你的電腦一定是「開著」的，如果你的是開著的，你才看得到我。

And while you're doing that and it's on, I'm going to suggest that you go do the quiz at

當你正開著電腦看著我的時候，我會建議你去 engVid 的網站上做這個測驗，

www.eng as in English, vid as in video (www.engvid.com), okay? Well, you're probably already there,

好嗎？OK，你大概已經在那兒了，

but if you're on YouTube, go there, do the quiz. See how well you understand the lesson.

但如果你是在 YouTube 上看這部影片的話，去 engVid 的網站，做這個測驗，看看你對今天的課程有多少了解，

Okay? Anyway, I've got to go, but I look forward to seeing you soon.

好嗎？不管怎樣，我該走了，不過我期待很快能再看到你。

And as always, thank you for joining us and don't forget to subscribe.

而且還是要說一句，謝謝你來看我們的影片，也別往了訂閱我們的頻道喔。

Chao.

掰掰啦