If you've never had a nosebleed before, the first one can be terrifying.

假如你從未流過鼻血，第一次可能會嚇壞你。

Especially if you're young when it happens and have no idea what's going on.

尤其如果是發生在你年幼、完全搞不清楚狀況的時候。

All you know is that blood is leaking out of your face... for no reason.

你唯一知道的是，鮮血正從你臉上流出... 毫無理由地。

But of course, now that you are older, you know that there is a reason your nose started to bleed.

但當然，現在你長大了，知道流鼻血是有原因的。

You were experiencing a condition known as epistaxis.

你經歷了所謂的「鼻出血」狀況。

When this occurs, it can be one of two types: anterior or posterior.

當它發生時，可能有兩種類型：前鼻部出血或鼻甲後方出血。

More than likely, you'll get an anterior nosebleed, which is caused by irritation to blood vessels in the nasal septum.

多數狀況下，你更可能是前鼻部出血，其主因是鼻中膈的血管受到刺激。

That's the part of your nose that separates your two nostrils.

鼻中膈也就是將鼻孔一分為二的部位。

And it's also the part of your nose that can get deviated, which can lead to difficulty breathing.

它也是鼻子中可能彎曲移位的部位，可能會導致呼吸困難。

And fun fact: It's estimated that 80% of people have some type of misalignment to their nasal septum.

有趣的是，根據統計，大約 80% 的人都有某種鼻中膈移位問題。

If I had a nose, I could attest to that, but sadly, my face is pretty featureless, as you can see.

如果我有鼻子，我就可以證明此說，但難過的是，我的臉就像你看到的一樣，沒有五官。

But a block can dream!

但我這方塊人也是可以夢想的！

Anyway, in the nasal septum is an area called the Kiesselbach plexus, where four different arteries come together to form a network of blood vessels.

言歸正傳，鼻中膈內有一個稱為克氏靜脈叢的區塊，由四個不同動脈匯聚成一個血管網絡。

So, when this area is irritated by either a vigorous blow or a roaming finger, some of the blood vessels may break.

所以當這個區域受到重擊或是手指摳挖，都可能使部分血管破裂。

And then you get blood running down your face and possibly the back of your throat.

然後血就會從你臉上流下，也可能倒流到喉嚨。

But what about dry air?

那麼乾燥的空氣會影響嗎？

In the northern hemisphere, winter is coming, and with it comes a lot of nosebleeds.

在北半球，寒冬將臨，而很多人也隨之開始流鼻血。

The decreased humidity and temperature prevent your nose from getting the moisture it needs.

降低的濕度和溫度讓鼻子得不到所需的濕度。

This then makes the mucous membrane more susceptible to bleeding.

這會讓黏膜更容易受影響而引發出血。

And... voila! You get blood leaking down your nostril.

於是... 你瞧！鼻血從你的鼻子流出來了。

The only thing more unappealing than that is saying the words "mucous membrane".

唯一比這還無吸引力的是說出「鼻黏膜」這幾個字。

So, how do you stop the blood?

那麼，要如何止血呢?

Well, it's recommended that you pinch the soft part of your nose for ten minutes, making sure to keep the nostrils closed.

一般建議你捏住鼻子較軟的部位十分鐘，注意鼻孔要完全密合。

This pressure helps the blood to clot and stops the bleeding.

這個壓力會使血凝結，進而止血。

Oh, and make sure you lean forward during this because, otherwise, as I previously mentioned, blood can leak down the back of your throat, which you don't want.

喔，別忘了要向前傾，不然的話，像我前面所說的，血液可能倒流到喉嚨，這是你絕對不想要的狀況。

However, if you are lucky enough to be near a doctor when you get a nosebleed, if they can easily see the broken blood vessel, they may be able to cauterize, or seal it, using silver nitrate.

不過如果你夠幸運，流鼻血時剛好在醫生附近，若他們可以輕易找出破裂的血管，或許能進行灼燒治療或用硝酸銀止血。

So now your nose... I'm sorry. I could've just ended this.

所以現在你的鼻子... 抱歉，我應該可以收尾的。

So, do yourself a favor and keep all fingers and foreign objects away from your nostrils.

所以幫你自己一個忙，不要把任何手指和異物放到鼻孔裡。

Your nose and future self will thank you.

你的鼻子和未來的自己會感激你的。

Have you ever had a nosebleed? Do you get them often?

你流過鼻血嗎？ 很常發生嗎？

If you're comfortable with sharing, let us know in the comment section below, or tell us what we should talk about next.

如果分享不會讓你不舒服，歡迎留言讓我們知道，或告訴我們後續可以討論哪些主題。

And if you want even more Life Noggin, check out this video we did on what would happen if all cats suddenly died. Yeah.

如果你想看更多 Life Noggin 的影片，請點擊這部影片，看看貓咪如果都突然死亡會發生什麼事。沒錯。

Yeah! Oh, and make sure you follow us on Facebook and Twitter.

噢，別忘了在臉書及推特上追蹤我們。

As always, my name is Blocko, this has been Life Noggin, don't forget to keep on thinking.

老話一句，我是 Blocko，這裡是 Life Noggin，別忘了要不斷思考。