Name: TED】艾勇。自殺蜂、殭屍蟑螂和其他寄生蟲的故事 (【TED】Ed Yong: Suicidal wasps, zombie roaches and other parasite tales)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:54:21.000Z
Duration: 13 min 15 s

that are among the most wonderful spectacles

為了安全或方便狩獵, 又或者交配與繁殖,

seeking safety in numbers or hunting in packs

這些都是人類對於 動物們在行為上的假設

這些動物們可以控制牠們的行為

make a huge assumption about animal behavior,

that the animals are in control of their own actions,

這是豐年蝦 (鹵蟲), 一種鹽水蝦

但是牠也可以集結成 像這一大片的紅色群體

You probably know it better as a sea monkey.

大到足以用公尺(米)為單位來計算

It's small, and it typically lives alone,

這些豐年蝦之所以聚集,是因為寄生蟲

but it can gather in these large red swarms

這些蝦子都被 “絛蟲” 給感染了

絛蟲 (寄生蟲) 實際上就像是 一條既長又活生生的腸子

一端是生殖器, 另一端是帶鉤的口腔

These shrimp are infected with a tapeworm.

身為一個自由的撰稿人, 我很同情牠

A tapeworm is effectively a long, living gut

with genitals at one end and a hooked mouth at the other.

絛蟲吸附在豐年蝦的身上 並吸取牠的養分,

不止這樣, 絛蟲還做了另外一件事

The tapeworm drains nutrients from Artemia's body,

絛蟲把這些豐年蝦從本身的 透明色轉變成了亮紅色,

it changes their color from transparent to bright red,

寄生的絛蟲讓這些 原本獨居的蝦集結在一起

為什麼呢? 因為這些絛蟲 就像是其他的寄生物種一樣,

Why? Because the tapeworm, like many other parasites,

寄生在這些蝦身上只是 這些絛蟲旅程的第一步

The shrimp are just one step on its journey.

只有在紅鶴身上, 這些絛蟲才得以繁衍

所以為了要達到目的, 絛蟲只能先行操縱蝦子宿主

Only in a flamingo can the tapeworm reproduce,

這樣才能更輕易地吸引紅鶴的注意

so to get there, it manipulates its shrimp hosts

into forming these conspicuous colored swarms

豐年蝦並不是依 自身意志組成的群居動物

and that is the secret of the Artemia swarm.

They aren't sociable through their own volition,

絛蟲入侵了這些 豐年蝦的大腦與身體,

The tapeworm hijacks their brains and their bodies,

This cricket swallowed the larvae of a Gordian worm,

但是牠(鐵線蟲)必須在水裡交配,

當鐵線蟲需要交配時 就會分泌特殊蛋白質

but it needs to get into water in order to mate,

蟋蟀體內很寬敞. 但是誰知道呢?

The tapeworm and the Gordian worm are not alone.

像是真菌, 病毒, 蠕蟲, 昆蟲等等

of fungi, viruses, and worms and insects and more

that all specialize in subverting and overriding

從大衛·阿滕伯勒的書 《生命的征途》上

Now, I first learned about this way of life

through David Attenborough's "Trials of Life"

由我朋友卡爾·齊默 撰寫的《霸王寄生蟲》上見到

之後我就以這些生物 為主題不停地寫作至今

and then later through a wonderful book called

還有一些生物學的主題令我更加著迷

這感覺就像是這些 寄生蟲已經竄改了我的大腦

And I've been writing about these creatures ever since.

因為畢竟, 牠們是如此地引人注目

It's like the parasites have subverted my own brain.

Because after all, they are always compelling

你的詞彙量張嘴就是 "活活吞噬"

"devoured alive" and "bursts out of its body."

我是個作家, 觀眾席裡有些人也是作家

I'm a writer, and fellow writers in the audience

牠們生存的世界是劇情的轉折點之一

難道毛毛蟲在保護牠的兄弟姐妹嗎?

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TED】艾勇。自殺蜂、殭屍蟑螂和其他寄生蟲的故事 (【TED】Ed Yong: Suicidal wasps, zombie roaches and other parasite tales)

brain

applause

world

control