Name: 【TED-Ed】歷史 vs 成吉思汗 (History vs. Genghis Khan - Alex Gendler)
Uploaded: 2015-12-20T02:09:13.000Z
Duration: 6 min 7 s
Description: 他是史上最讓人不寒而慄的軍閥之一，征服歐亞大陸簡直是所向披靡。但成吉思汗到底是個冷酷無情的野蠻之徒呢？還是統一蒙古為未來奠定基礎的明君？Alex Gendler 在 『歷史 vs 成吉思汗』中把這位備受爭議的人物帶上法庭公開審判。 課程內容：Alex Gendler，動畫製作：Brett Underhill 中譯：Kevin...

關係子句

He was one of the most fearsome  warlords who ever lived,

他史上最讓人 不寒而栗的軍閥之一

waging an unstoppable conquest across the Eurasian continent.

但成吉思汗到底是個 冷酷無情的野蠻之徒呢？

or a unifier who paved the way for the modern world?

還是統一蒙古 為未來奠定基礎的明君？

一起來看看"歷史vs成吉思汗"怎麼說

"Order, order.  Now who's the defendant today?

"I see Your Honor is familiar  with Genghis Khan,

看來庭上對成吉思汗 有所了解，

the 13th century warlord whose military campaigns killed millions

一個13世紀時帶領軍隊 殺戮百萬

and left nothing  but destruction in their wake."

"Objection. First of all, it's pronounced Genghis Kahn."

反對！首先，他的名字是念成： 成吉思汗（非『更其思可汗』）

Regardless, he was one of the greatest leaders in human history.

無論如何， 他是人類歷史上最偉大的領導者之一

Born Temüjin, he was left fatherless and destitute as a child

原名鐵木真 幼時喪父 一無所有

but went on to overcome constant strife to unite warring Mongol clans

爾後化解蒙古族之間的衝突 統一蒙古

and forge the greatest empire the world had seen,

eventually stretching from the Pacific to Europe's heartland."

從太平洋以至於歐洲中心地帶 最終臣服於他的腳下。

"And what was so great  about invasion and slaughter?

Northern China lost 2/3 of its population."

中國北方死了 三分之二的人口呢。

"The Jin Dynasty had long harassed  the northern tribes,

paying them off to fight each other and periodically attacking them.

以金錢誘使他們互相殘殺 並且定期攻打他們

Genghis Khan wasn't about  to suffer the same fate

身為最後一個嘗試著統一蒙古人的大汗，成吉思汗

as the last Khan who tried  to unite the Mongols,

and the demographic change may reflect poor census keeping,

而且人口數的變化 可能是因為人口統計落實不良所致。

not to mention that many peasants were brought into the Khan's army."

再說許多農民 都加入了汗的軍隊。

"You can pick apart numbers all you want,

but they wiped out entire cities, along with their inhabitants."

但事實就是他們 殲滅城市 屠殺居民。

"The Khan preferred enemies  to surrender and pay tribute,

but he firmly believed in loyalty and diplomatic law.

The cities that were massacred were ones that rebelled after surrendering,

那些被他屠殺的城市 皆為先前投降後再反叛

His was a  strict understanding of justice."

"Multiple accounts show his army's  brutality going beyond justice:

很多的說法證明 他軍隊的殘酷超越了正義範疇：

ripping unborn children  from mothers' wombs,

or moat fillers to support siege engines,

或拿來填滿護城河 支撐攻城器械，

"Is that really so much worse  than other medieval armies?"

這樣真的比中世紀的軍隊更好嗎？

"That doesn't excuse  Genghis Khan's atrocities."

這並不能免除成吉思汗的惡性。

"But it does make Genghis Khan  unexceptional for his time

但卻能證明成吉思汗 是當代的傑出者

In fact, after his unification of the tribes abolished bride kidnapping,

事實上，當他統一所有部落時, 他廢除搶親（蒙古習俗），

women in the Mongol ranks  had it better than most.

蒙古婦女的地位也因此而提升。

Temüjin remained with  his first bride all his life,

even raising her possibly  illegitimate son as his own."

還把有可能不是親生的兒子 視如己出。

"Regardless, Genghis Khan's  legacy was a disaster:

無論如何， 成吉思汗的豐功偉業純屬禍害：

up to 40 million killed across Eurasia during his descendents' conquests.

他的後代為了征服歐亞大陸 殺了4億以上的人

That's not even counting  casualties from the Black Plague

這還沒把當年欽察汗國 攻打卡法時

brought to Europe by  the Golden Horde's Siege of Kaffa."

把黑死病帶到歐洲 死傷的人數啊！

"Actually, when they saw their own troops dying of the Plague,

其實，當他們看到 自己的部隊死於瘟疫，

they catapulted infected bodies over the city walls."

他們把感染的屍體 投射進城中。

were written over a hundred years  after the fact.

Plus, the survivors reaped the benefits of the empire Genghis Khan founded."

而且，倖存者從成吉思汗 建立的帝國得到了好處。

"The Mongol Empire practiced religious tolerance among all subjects,

蒙古帝國是個 宗教寬容的國家，

they treated their soldiers well, promoted based on merit, rather than birth,

他們善待士兵， 按照功勳，而不是族群晉升士兵，

not to mention their  contribution to culture."

更不用說他們對文化發展的貢獻。

"You mean like Hulagu Khan's  annihilation of Baghdad,

Libraries, hospitals and palaces burned, irrigation canals buried?"

圖書館、醫院和宮殿都被燒毀 灌溉溝渠皆被填滿？

and Hulagu was later punished  by Berke Khan for the wanton destruction.

而且旭烈兀之後也被伯克汗 以肆意破壞的罪名遭受懲罰。

It wasn't Mongol policy  to destroy culture.

Usually they saved doctors, scholars and artisans from conquered places,

他們通常保護征服地的醫生、 學者和藝術家，

and transferred them  throughout their realm,

"What about the devastation of Kievan Rus,

搞到當地人在復興時期 傳遍西歐時

even as the Renaissance  spread across Western Europe?"

"Western Europe was hardly  peaceful at the time.

The stability of Mongol rule made the Silk Road flourish once more,

絲綢之路因為蒙古的穩固 而再次蓬勃，

allowing trade and cultural exchange between East and West,

促進了東西的文化與貿易 之間的交流

and its legacy forged Russia and China from warring princedoms

留下的勢力也讓 四分五裂的中國和俄羅斯

Genghis Khan's descendants could be found

among the ruling nobility  all over Eurasia."

"Not surprising that a tyrant would inspire further tyrants."

"Careful what you call him. You may be related."

注意你的用詞 你可能是他們的一份子

"16 million men today are descended from Genghis Khan.

至今，1600萬男生是成吉思汗的後代。

For every great conqueror, there are millions of conquered.

每一個的征服者 都有上百萬臣服於他的人。

And can a leader's historical or cultural significance

outweigh the deaths  they caused along the way?

These are the questions that arise when we put history on trial.

這都是我們在審視歷史會出現的疑問。

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【TED-Ed】歷史 vs 成吉思汗 (History vs. Genghis Khan - Alex Gendler)

legacy

mention

conquer

plague