Name: TED】Sandrine Thuret：你可以長出新的腦細胞。培養新的腦細胞的方法（Sandrine Thuret）。 (【TED】Sandrine Thuret: You can grow new brain cells. Here's how (You can grow new brain cells. Here's how | Sandrine Thuret))
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:50:29.000Z
Duration: 11 min 5 s

我們成人可否長出新的神經細胞？

There's still some confusion about that question,

程度副詞

as this is a fairly new field of research.

For example, I was talking to one of my colleagues, Robert,

Some of my patients that have been told they are cured of their cancer

我明明跟病人講， 他們的癌症已經痊癒，

"Well, from my point of view that makes sense.

The drug you give to your patients that stops the cancer cells multiplying

因為你給病人開的藥 阻止了癌細胞繁殖，

also stops the newborn neurons being generated in their brain."

也同時阻礙了他們的腦部 生長新的神經細胞。

And then Robert looked at me like I was crazy and said,

接著Robert望向我， 好像我神經錯亂，他説，

"But Sandrine, these are adult patients --

可是Sandrine， 這些患者都是成年人，

成年人是不會長新神經細胞的。

And much to his surprise, I said, "Well actually, we do."

出乎他意料之外， 我說，其實可以的。

And this is a phenomenon that we call neurogenesis.

and when he went to medical school he was not taught what we know now --

以前他讀醫學院時，並沒有 學過我們今天認識的現象，

that the adult brain can generate new nerve cells.

成人腦部是可以生長新神經細胞的。

So Robert, you know, being the good doctor that he is,

to understand the topic a little bit better.

of one of the most exciting parts of the brain

So this is this gray structure in the center of the brain.

And what we've known already for very long,

is that this is important for learning, memory, mood and emotion.

這些部分對於學習、記憶、 心情、和情感尤其重要。

However, what we have learned more recently

is that this is one of the unique structures of the adult brain

這是成人腦部之中 一個特別的組織

然後用鏡頭放大看裡面的東西，

is a newborn neuron in an adult mouse brain.

它是成年老鼠腦部的新生神經。

my colleague Jonas Frisén from the Karolinska Institutet,

我的同事Jonas Frisen 來自 Karolinska研究所，

has estimated that we produce 700 new neurons per day

compared to the billions of neurons we have.

數十億的神經相比， 這實在是微不足道。

we will have all exchanged the neurons we were born with in that structure

將會因此全由成年再生的 神經替換掉。

So why are these new neurons important and what are their functions?

為什麼這些新神經那麼重要，其功能為何？

First, we know that they're important for learning and memory.

首先，我們知道這些神經 對學習和記憶很重要。

that if we block the ability of the adult brain

to produce new neurons in the hippocampus,

則同時我們也阻礙了 某些記憶能力的發展。

And this is especially new and true for spatial recognition --

特別是有關空間認知的最新發現更是如此，

so like, how you navigate your way in the city.

這說明你為何可以在城裏認路。

and neurons are not only important for memory capacity,

And they will have been helpful to add time to our memory

這些細胞將會延長我們的記憶，

and they will help differentiate very similar memories, like:

也會協助我們從類似記憶中， 分辨出細微的差異：

that you park at the station every day in the same area,

腳踏車停在同一塊區域， 你怎麼找得到

And more interesting to my colleague Robert

我的同事Robert一直對我們進行的

is the research we have been doing on neurogenesis and depression.

神經再生和抑鬱症研究感興趣。

we have seen that we have a lower level of neurogenesis.

我們見到動物的神經再生量較低。

then we increase the production of these newborn neurons,

and we decrease the symptoms of depression,

establishing a clear link between neurogenesis and depression.

這證明神經再生跟抑鬱症 有明顯的關係。

But moreover, if you just block neurogenesis,

then you block the efficacy of the antidepressant.

則你也阻止抗抑鬱藥發揮效用。

that very likely his patients were suffering from depression

because the cancer drug had stopped newborn neurons from being generated.

因為癌症藥阻止了 新神經的生長。

And it will take time to generate new neurons

So, collectively, now we think we have enough evidence

所以，我們現在共同認識到， 已經有足夠的證據顯示

to say that neurogenesis is a target of choice

if we want to improve memory formation or mood,

or even prevent the decline associated with aging,

And we are now going to do a little quiz.

現在就讓大家來做一個小測驗。

I'm going to give you a set of behaviors and activities,

我將提示一連串的行為和活動，

and you tell me if you think they will increase neurogenesis

請大家告訴我， 它們會助長神經再生

Learning will increase the production of these new neurons.

學習會幫助腦部製造 更多新神經。

Yes, stress will decrease the production of new neurons in the hippocampus.

對，壓力會減低海馬體 的神經再生。

TED】Sandrine Thuret：你可以長出新的腦細胞。培養新的腦細胞的方法（Sandrine Thuret）。 (【TED】Sandrine Thuret: You can grow new brain cells. Here's how (You can grow new brain cells. Here's how | Sandrine Thuret))